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Report
Mining in Ghana
What future can we expect?
Mining: Partnerships for Development
July 2015
a
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Foreword 3
Executive summary 4
ntroductionand methodology !"
#$$reviations !%
!& 'hana(seconomy and the role of mining !3
1.1 Nationalprofile 14
1.2 he !ining "ector 1#
%& Macroeconomic life cycle contri$utions of mining %)
2.1 $ife cycle pro%ection" of the !ining "ector 2#
2.2 Mining&" i!pact on 'alue a((e( )2
2.) Mining&" i!pact on e!ploy!ent )#
2.4 *cenario analy"e" )+
3& *ocal views 43
).1 he (ifferent "ta,ehol(er group" 44
).2 -ey fin(ing" 45
4& Emerging priorities for action 4+
References )3
#nnexes ),
nnex / nputoutput !etho(ology 5
nnex 3/ $i"t of "ta,ehol(er" inter'iewe( 1
nnex / Wor,"hop (etail" 5
nnex 6/ -ey policy (e'elop!ent" in Ghana&" !ining "ector #nnex 7/ he !ine pro%ect life cycle +
#c-nowledgements ,"
o'er i!age courte"y of he Ghana ha!8er of Mine"
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Mining in Ghana What future can we expect? )Mining/ 9artner"hip" for 6e'elop!ent) Mining in Ghana What future can we expect? Mining/ 9artner"hip" for 6e'elop!ent
:orewor(
he hi"tory of !ining an( it" econo!ic "ignificance to the
people of Ghana "tretche" o'er a century. ;owe'er< the
narrati'e an( literature on the !ining "ector&" contri8utionto econo!ic progre"" ha'e often 8een wo'en aroun((e"cripti'e an( "pot (ata. 7'en though thi" pro'i(e" u"eful
hi"toric infor!ation on the 8enefit" of !ining< it "ty!ie"
effort" topre!i"epolicy (eci"ion !a,ing on ro8u"t analy"i".
t i" a
wellrecogni=e( fact that a co!prehen"i'e un(er"tan(ing
of the life cycle contri8ution of !ining i" fun(a!ental to
reali=ing the "hare( o8%ecti'e of !axi!i=ing the "pectru!
of8enefit" in(uce( 8y the pre"ence of the !ine.
n recognition of thi" challenge< the ha!8er colla8orate(
with the 0MM to un(erta,e a water"he( re"earch on the
life cycle contri8ution of !ining to the econo!y of Ghana.hi"pro%ect co!pri"e" 8oth hi"toric an( forwar( loo,ing
(ata fro! "e'en !ining operation" in Ghana< na!ely< Gol(
:iel(" ar,wa< Gol( :iel(" 6a!ang< New!ont hafoe(ueen an( frican enter for 7cono!ic ran"for!ation@7A (o not only un(er"core the (irect 8enefit" of !ining8ut al"o the nu!erou" 'alue !ultiplier" generate( 8y the
econo!ic acti'ity. 9articularly< it e!pirically(e!on"trate"how local purcha"e" in the !ining "ector coul( 8e
le'erage( to cataly=e in(u"trial growth a" well a" "pur thecreation of new wealth. n the long run< thi" outturn i"
expecte( to enhance econo!ic (e'elop!entan( well8eingof thepopulation. B'er an( a8o'e the reco!!en(ation"
proffere(8y the re"earcher"< "ta,ehol(er" were al"o gi'enthe opportunity to co!!ent on the fin(ing". he"e ha'e
8een incorporate( into the report a" part of the 8lueprint
!ea"ure" that woul( 8e "pearhea(e( 8y the ha!8er an(
it""ta,ehol(er".
a! confi(ent that e'ery rea(er woul( fin( thi" reporte(ueen
an( 7 collecte( (ata fro! "econ(ary "ource"< !iningco!panie" an( go'ern!ent!ini"trie"< an( aggregate( an(
proce""e( that (ata in "uch a way that 8oth !ining&" (irect
an( in(irect life cycle i!pact can 8e "hown.
he fra!ewor, in Mo(ule of the 0MM M96 ool,it allow"u" to "how the (irect contri8ution" of !ining 8y con"i(ering
pro(uction le'el"< capital in'e"t!ent"< tax pay!ent"eco'ery9rogra! pha"e with a pu"h towar(" attracting foreignin'e"t!ent< pri'ati=ation an( "tate (i'e"titure. he "ector i"now largely foreign owne(K the Go'ern!entof Ghana ha"!inority @10 per centA free carrie( intere"t "hare in !o"t of
the !ain acti'e large"cale !ining operation" a" "hown in
a8le 1< with New!ont an( ngloGol( "hanti a"exception".1
$ocal e?uity participation in the "ector i" al"o 'ery !ini!alailroa(
irport
M0N0NG B97>BN*
1 (a!u" >e"ouce"
2 hirano Gol( Mine"
*awla
G8en"he
3ole 6a!ango
6a8oya
Japei
0amale Jen(i
a8=ugu
3i!8ila
) Gol( :iel(" 6a!ang
4 Gol( :iel(" ar,wa
5 Gol(en *tar Wa""a
New!ont hafo
# New!ont ,ye!
*alaga 0 25 50 #5 100 -ilo!eter"
7 6&OB>7
*a!pa
3a!8oi -inta!po
Je%i OB$.6u!8ai
0 25 50 #5 Mile"
a
.unyani
3>BNG1;:BWenchi
echi!an
7%ura
3eche!
te8u8u
-wa(%o,ro! -ete -rachi
-a(%e8i
Ja"i,an
;ohoeLake
BGB
Wiaw"o
wa"o
2
*;N0
/umasi
(rie!8a
3e,wai
B8ua"i
Ma!pong
gogo
-onongo
L. Bosumtwi
#-a(e
Volta
7*7>N
3egoro,o"o!8o
6a!
-pan(u
>o
nyirawa"i6=o(=e
flao
37NN
W7*7>N6un,wa
B(a /oforidua
N"awa! 7>
*oga,ofe Keta Lagoon-eta
7nchi:o"o
*haiG>7 (a nloga
;ill" >e!awifu 9ra"o
5 7N>$*we(ru
e"hiAccra
Newtown ;alf ""ini1
7"ia!a
7l!ina
4*altpon(
2ape 2oastWinne8a
xi! .e-ondi50a-oradi Gulf of Guinea
T
)
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*ource/ 3a"e( on !ap 41< Cnite( Nation"
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Mining sector policy and legal framewor-
.""i"te(8y the Worl( 3an, an( M:< in 1+) the !ining
"ector in Ghana "tarte( the inception "tage" of the7cono!ic >eco'ery 9rogra! gui(e( 8y the *tructural
(%u"t!ent 9rogra!. he policy orientation wa" to
"trengthen the 'alue of the (o!e"tic currency through thepro!otion of export" an( to increa"e :6 inflow. he !ining
"ector wa" i(entifie( a" a "ector that coul( cha!pion thi"
agen(a. o thi" en(< a co!prehen"i'e !ining law< which wa"
the fir"t in the hi"tory of Ghana @Mineral" an( Mining $awoyaltie"A >egulation"< $ 1)4+ 1+#
*!all"cale Gol( Mining $aw< 9N6$ 21 1++
9reciou" Mineral" Mar,eting orporation $aw< 9N6$ 21+ 1++
7"ta8li"h!ent of 9reciou" Mineral" Mar,eting orporation 1++
7"ta8li"h!ent of 7n'iron!ental 9rotection gency 1++4
6rawing up of !ining en'iron!ental gui(eline" 1++4
Mineral" an( Mining @!en(!entA ct @ct 4#5A 1++4
>e'iew of !ining en'iron!ental gui(eline" 1+++
6i'e"titure of "tateowne( !ine" fro! 1++2 to 1+++ 1++2 to 1+++
Mineral" an( Mining ct @ct #0)A 200
Mineral" an( Mining @!en(!entA ct @ct #+4A 2010
Mineral" an( Mining @GeneralA >egulation"< $ 21#) 2012
Mineral" an( Mining @*upport *er'ice"A >egulation"< $ 21#4 2012
Mineral" an( Mining @o!pen"ation an( >e"ettle!entA >egulation"< $ 21#5 2012
Mineral" an( Mining @$icen"ingA >egulation"< $ 21# 2012
he Mineral" an( Mining @;ealth< "afety an( echnicalA >egulation" $ 212 2012
Mineral" an( Mining @7xplo"i'e"A >egulation" $ 21## 2012
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he Mini"try of $an(" an( Natural >e"ource"< through the
Geological *ur'ey 6epart!ent an( the Mineral"
o!!i""ione'enue uthority< G**< Mineral" o!!i""ion an( Mini"try of :inance (atae'enue uthority an( Mineral" o!!i""ion.
:igure + "how" that a8out 1+ per cent of go'ern!enttaxre'enueco!e" fro! the !ining "ector. 7xcept for therecent a('ent of oil< the !ining "ector !a,e" the large"t
contri8ution to go'ern!entre'enue.>oyaltie" alone ha'e
range( 8etween 4 an( per cent of total (irect taxre'enuean( corporate inco!e tax 8etween 5 an( 1 per cent for the
perio( 2005 to 201). otal royaltie"e"ource Go'ernancen(ex< Ghana&"go'ernanceof the re"ource "ector ran,e( 15th out of 5 inthe worl( in 201). he in(ex !ea"ure" country go'ernance
perfor!ance in ter!" of go'ern!entaccounta8ilityAlgeria
Mo=a!8iue
a!eroon
*au(i ra8ia
fghani"tan
*outh *u(an
i!8a8we
a!8o(ia
ran
Patar
$i8ya
7uatorial Guinea
ur,!eni"tanMyan!ar
" !" %" 3" 4" )" ?" ," " +" !""
*ource/ Natural >e"ource Go'ernancen"titute.
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Macroecono!ic lifecycle contri8ution"of !ining
!agecourte"yofheGhana5ha!
8erofMine"
2
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Macroecono!ic life cycle contri8ution" of !ining
2 Mining in Ghana What future can we expect? Mining/ 9artner"hip" for 6e'elop!entMining in Ghana What future can we expect? 2Mining/ 9artner"hip" for 6e'elop!ent
2Macroecono!ic life cycle contri8ution" of !ining
0his section presents7 for the first
time7 a picture of the macroeconomic
contri$utions from 'hana(smining
sector: using $oth actual and proAected
data provided $y a num$er of 'hana(s
largest mining companies see #nnex
# for more details on the data and
assumptions used& 0he seven mines
together represent over ,! per cent of
the large5scale gold mining sector or
approximately 4? per cent of the entire
gold mining industry in 'hana&
:igure 11 "how" all tho"e !ining co!panie" that are
inclu(e( in our analy"i" @greenA an( tho"e co!panie" that areexclu(e( fro! the analy"i" @yellow an( re(A.
t "houl(8e note( that the life cycle co!pany (ata i"8a"e(
onhi"toric (ata 8eginning in 2010 an( planne(pro(uction
figure" fro! 20142022 fro! a "a!ple of "e'en !ining
operation". he"e pro%ection" are 8a"e( on expen(iture" that
arepre"entlyauthori=e( an( exclu(e the one" that !ay 8eauthori=e( or re'i"e( in the future. t the "tart of thi" "tu(y
the !a%ority of the "a!ple of !ining co!panie" 8a"e( their
pro%ection" on a C*D1e"ource" %
9er"eu" Mining @GhanaA )
Bther !ining co!panie" !
otal "!all"cale 3)
*ource/ Mineral" o!!i""ion.
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%&!
*i fe cycle proAections of the mining sector:igure 12pro'i(e" an o'er'iew of the hi"torical an(
pro%ecte( !ine pro(uction 'olu!e"an( "how" increa"ingpro(uction 'olu!e" fro! 1
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2012
201)
ProAected data
2014
2015
2011
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Macroecono!ic life cycle contri8ution" of !ining Macroecono!ic life cycle contri8ution" of !ining
Fhe high gol( price in the
perio( 20101) le( to"ignificant in'e"t!ent"in the "ector.
:igure 1) "how" that (eclining 'olu!e"an( lower gol(price" @co!pare( to the allti!e high in 2011A 8ring a8outlower re'enue"an( expen(iture" fro! 2014 onwar(".he high gol( price in the perio( 20101) le( to "ignificant
in'e"t!ent"in the "ector. hi" "ituation re'er"e"fro!2014 onwar("< in part reflecting lower gol( price".
Figure !3: >istorical and proAected sales revenues and expenditures for the seven mines in the sample: %"!"7%%
>istorical data
2010
2011
2012
201)
ProAected data
2014
2015
201
201#
201
201+
2020
2021
2022
1
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Miningrelate( expen(iture" were on the increa"e in the
year"up to 201) followe( 8y apro%ecte( (ecline. n the "hortter! thi" (ecrea"e (oe" not 8oo"t !ining co!panyprofit"
8ecau"e the (eclining gol( price al"o cau"e" re'enue"to(ecrea"e. ;owe'er< fro! 2020 onwar(" we "ee a "ignificant
increa"e in !ining co!panyprofit" @"ee :igure 14A.
We attri8ute thi" pri!arily to the "tage in the life cycle
@"eennex 7A where8y nonla8our capex an( opex
in'e"t!entgra(uallyre(uce a" !ine" co!e clo"er to theiren( of life
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:igure 15pre"ent" the cu!ulati'eprofit" of the "a!ple of
!ining co!panie"< go'ern!entinco!e an( "upplierexpen(iture" o'er the perio( 201022. Bn a'erage< !iningco!panyprofit" @profit" accruing to !ining co!panie" after
all "tatutory o8ligation" are "ati"fie(A< are approxi!ately10 per cent of total re'enue"
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Macroecono!ic life cycle contri8ution" of !iningMacroecono!ic life cycle contri8ution" of !ining
Ghanaian nonla8our capex an( opex< an( "ocial in'e"t!ent"co!pri"e half of all expen(iture" !a(e in Ghana an( are
con"i(ere( local procure!ent expen(iture". Bn a'eragethi" i" C*D2 !illion< re"pecti'elyC*D155 !illion< C*D45!illion an( C*D1# !illion< which i" a8out 25 per cent of
totalexpen(iture" @C*D2istorical and proAected expenditures in 'hana %"!"7%%
Nonla8our capex *ocial in'e"t!ent" 9ay!ent" to the go'ern!ent
Nonla8our opex Wage" an( la8our co"t
>istorical data
2010
2011
1++ 41+ 1)+ 2#
11 4++ 1#1 41
!:")"!:)3"
2012 1#4 5+1 200 #5 !:,""
!:,4!
201
201+
125 40 14 ))1
1)5 4# 10 )05
!:!"4
!:"+!
2020 115 )+ 155 41 !:"E+
20215 )) 14 412 !:"!!
2022
#verage 155 45 1## 40 !:%!3
0 200 400 00 00 1
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%&%
Mining(simpact on value added
n or(er to "how the current an( potential i!pact of !ining
in Ghana< the report "how" (irect an( in(irect 'alue a((e(in Ghana 8etween 2010 an( 2022. Oaluea((e( i" (efine(
a" the "u! of "alarie"< taxe" an( profit" that accrue to
Ghanaian re"i(ent" or entitie" an( i" co!para8le to
Ghana&" G69. :ro! the life cycle (ata pro'i(e( 8y the
"a!ple of !ining co!panie"< we can (eter!ine the (irect
'alue a((e( that the "a!ple contri8ute" to Ghana. ;owe'eristorical data
2010
2011
2012
4+4
5#1
0
+1 )42
10# #1
12) #1
+%,!:3+)
!:)44
201)
ProAected data
2014
2015
201
201#
#
50#
5)4
51+
50#
+5 42+
104 41+
101 ))
++ )5
1)4 )
+),
+?3
!:"3!
!:")?
!:))?
201
201+
2020
2021
50+
515
441
)+#
++ )+4
101 )#0
4#)
# 41+3?
!:""%
+E?
!:"""
2022
#verage
)+
52
#+ 45
12 44
+4"
!:"++
0 200 400 00 00 1
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Macroecono!ic life cycle contri8ution" of !iningMacroecono!ic life cycle contri8ution" of !ining
n co!pari"on to inGhana expen(iture" @"ee :igure
1A< :igure 20 "how" that inco!e for the Go'ern!entof Ghana in the for! of tax an( nontax pay!ent" i"!uch !ore 'olatile. lthough a fluctuating gol( price
(irectly influence" royalty an( corporate inco!e taxpay!ent"< the (rop in go'ern!entinco!e "tarting in2014 i" pri!arily (ue to capital allowance" in !ining
@"ee 3ox 2 for !ore (etail" on capital allowance"A.
n 2020< !o"t in'e"t!ent" ha'e 8een recoupe(< which
re"ult" in an increa"e of corporate inco!e tax
pay!ent" of al!o"t C*D100 !illion @fro! C*D
!illion in 201+ toC*D14 !illion in 2020A. Bn a'eragee(ueen an( !ining co!pany (ata fro! "e'en !ine".
5 Ghana&" la8our force ha" 8een e"ti!ate(8y !ultiplying Ghana&" la8our forcein 201) 8y the a'erage growth rate of the population fro! the la"t 10 year".hi" re"ult" in an e"ti!ate( la8our force of 1). !illion people in 2022.
2012 # ) 50 4 !43
201)
ProAected data
1.)I of la8our force
2014 24 )# )5 !"4
2015 # 2 40 )# !!!
201 # 25 40 ) !"E
201## 24 )+ )5 !"?
201# 24 )+ ) !"?
201+# 25 40 ) !",
2020
21 )4 )1 +!2021
1+ )2 2 E3
2022
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:igure 2) exclu(e" the in(uce( effect" an( only "how" the
%o8" that are "upporte( through local "ourcing. Mo"t of the
%o8"< on a'erage )0
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:igure 24 "how" the ?uality of %o8" "upporte( for an
a'erageyear.he "a!ple of !ining co!panie" ha"the highe"t ?uality of %o8"< %u"t o'er C*D5
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Macroecono!ic life cycle contri8ution" of !ining Macroecono!ic life cycle contri8ution" of !ining
What happen" to the contri8ution" when the"e e'ent"occuri" !ine"pecific. Much (epen(" on the pha"e of the life
Figure %): .cenario 7 decline of gold price over time
cycle each !ine i" in. herefore caution !u"t8e ta,enwhen interpreting the re"ult" fro! our "cenario analy"e".
f for exa!ple the gol( price (ecrea"e"< for "o!e !ine"
'olu!e of earth !o'e( !ay continue at "a!e "pee( while
other" !ay "low (own. Mill 'olu!e"!ay change a"exi"ting "toc,pile" @which are li,ely to 8e lower gra(eA are
!ille(. n( when lower gra(e ore i" !ille(< gol( pro(uction
will (ecrea"e. hi" again will wor"en the (ecrea"e of net
profit"< e'entually"hortening the life of !ine an((ecrea"ing total life cycle re'enue".Cnfortunatelyno"pecific co!pany (ata i"a'aila8le for the (ifferent
"cenario". herefore< we u"e(
a few "cenario"pecific a""u!ption" to a(%u"t the life cycle
2hange in sales revenue
4
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ncreasing royalty rates
f the go'ern!entchange( the royalty regi!e fro! 5percent to 10 per cent< the "a!e "cenario applie" a" with a
(ecrea"ing gol( priceK the profit" for the "a!ple of !ining
co!panie" (ecrea"e an( a" a re"ult the life of !ine i"
"hortene(. Wor,ing with the co!pany (ata that i"
a'aila8le< we ha'e applie( the following a""u!ption"/
E >oyaltypay!ent" increa"e fro! 5 per cent to 10 percent
E Bther 'aria8le"@opex< capex< "alarie"< "ocial in'e"t!ent"an( people e!ploye(Are!ain con"tant in the "i!ulationperio(
E o!pany profit" an( thu" free carrie( intere"t+ an(
Figure %?: .cenario 7 royalty rate over time
2hange in sales revenue
4
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Macroecono!ic life cycle contri8ution" of !ining
ncreasing local sourcing
Bn a'erage C*D2 !illion< eui'alent to 25 per cent ofFigure %,: .cenario 7 local sourcing over time
total expen(iture< i" "pent or pro%ecte( to 8e "pent in
Ghana. More local "ourcing will re"ult in !ore 'alue
a((e( an( e!ploy!ent incountry. hi" re"ult" in !ore
(e!an( for other pro(uct" an( "er'ice"< an( con"e?uently!ore 'alue a((e( an( e!ploy!ent i" create( in the
country. ncrea"ing (e!an( al"o allow" local in(u"trie" to
(e'elop an( the country to (i'er"ify it" econo!y. (i'er"ifie( econo!y i" (e"ira8le 8ecau"e it !a,e" Ghanale"" 'ulnera8le to external "hoc," "uch a" a "u((en (rop
in
the price for oil< cocoa or gol(.
he following "cenario loo," at what happen" if the "a!ple
2hange in sales revenue
4e(ueen an( !ining co!pany (ata fro! "e'en !ine".
*ale"re'enue@!
C*DA
Go
'ern!entinco!e@!
C*DA
O
aluea((e(@!C*DA
7!ploy!ent@R000full1t
i!ee!ployee"A
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!age courte"y of he Ghana ha!8er of Mine"
$oca'iew
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$ocal 'iew"
44 Mining in Ghana What future can we expect? Mining/ 9artner"hip" for 6e'elop!entMining in Ghana What future can we expect? 44Mining/ 9artner"hip" for 6e'elop!ent
)$ocal 'iew"
n addition to the des- research and
forward5loo-ing analysis $ased on
company data we undertoo-
consultations with -ey sta-eholders to
$etter understand the impact that the
mining sector has had on the economy
and especially on mining communities
and their social and economic well5$eing&
=e also as-ed sta-eholders to identify
the -ey challenges that are facing the
sector and what measures and
interventions they thin- may $e useful
in order to enhance the sector(s impact&
3&!
0he different sta-eholder groups
he "a!ple ofparticipant" "ur'eye(wa" "electe( to reflecta8roa( repre"entation of ,ey "ta,ehol(er group" in the
!ining "ector. he !a%ority of the "ta,ehol(er" inter'iewe(
@55per centA were co!!unity8a"e( organi=ation". he
re!aining
45 per cent were fro! national in"titution"< with the !a%ority
of the! 8a"e( in the capital city< ccra. B'erall< +1 inter'iew"
were con(ucte( with ,ey "ta,ehol(er" fro! Ghana&" !ining
"ector @"ee nnex 3A largely fro! "e'en 8roa( "ta,ehol(er
group" "hown in :igure 2.
he co!!unity "ta,ehol(er" were (rawn fro! the"urroun(ing area" of two !ining operation" in the
country
hirano !ine an( the 6a!ang gol( !ine. he"e !ining
operation" are in (ifferent "tage" in the life cycle @"ee
nnex 7A. ogether
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7/26/2019 ICMM-Mining in Ghana-What Future Can We Expect
48/75
Figure %+: Main sta-eholder groups at the community level
ra(itionalcouncil" 3+
$ocal go'ern!entin"titution" 3?
*B" !,
*ecurity "er'ice" 4
Mining "ector
relate( co!panie" 4
*ource/ :iel( "ur'ey.
3&%
/ey findings
he !a%ority of co!!unity "ta,ehol(er" hol( the 'iew
that the large"cale !ining co!panie" ha'e contri8ute(
noticea8lyto increa"ing o'erallecono!ic8enefit".o!!unity "ta,ehol(er" e"pecially feel that the "ectorha" a po"iti'e i!pact on e!ploy!ent an( that 8u"ine""
opportunitie" ha'e opene( up in the "urroun(ing
co!!unitie". " :igure )0 "how"< a large !a%ority of the
co!!unity "ta,ehol(er" @ per cent in totalA feel that
the!ine" e!ploy a greater nu!8er of local people.
*o!ehighlighte( that !ining re!ain" one of the !ain
"ource" of for!al e!ploy!ent an( although people locallye!ploye(were generallyat the 8otto! of the nationalpay"cale< !ining %o8" ten( to pay higher than other "ector".
*i!ilarly< the !a%ority of co!!unity8a"e( "ta,ehol(er"
8elie'e that the"e !ining co!panie" pro'i(e 8oth (irect
an(in(irect 8u"ine"" opportunitie" for the co!!unityK
co!!unitie" referre( to a nu!8er of large (irect
contract" a'aila8le to "upply the !ine" in area" "uch a"
catering< "ecurity an( tran"port "er'ice". Moreo'ere"pon(ent" fro! "ectorrelate( !ini"trie"!agecourte"yofNew!ontMining5orporation
>eference"
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7/26/2019 ICMM-Mining in Ghana-What Future Can We Expect
57/75
>eference"
54 Mining in Ghana What future can we expect? Mining/ 9artner"hip" for 6e'elop!entMining in Ghana What future can we expect? 55Mining/ 9artner"hip" for 6e'elop!ent
>eference"
7 @201)A.
Ghana&" !ineral fi"cal regi!e/ a8a"eline"tu(y. ccra< Ghana< 7.
frica 9rogre"" 9anel @201)A.
7?uity in extracti'e"/ "tewar(ing frica&" natural re"ource"
for all. frica 9rogre"" report 201).
Gene'a< *wit=erlan(< frica 9rogre"" 9anel.
,a8=aa< an( 6ari!ani< @2001A.
!pact of !ining "ector in'e"t!ent in Ghana/ a "tu(y of the
ar,wa !ining region. (raft report prepare( for the
*tructural (%u"t!ent 9articipatory >e'iew nitiati'e
@*9>A. Wa"hington< 6< *9>.www."aprin.orgHghanaHre"earchHghaS!ining.p(f
3an, of Ghana @200A.
*tati"tical 8ulletin 6ece!8er 200. ccra< Ghana< 3an,
ofGhana.ww w.8og.g o'.ghHin( ex.php?optionQ co!S contentT'i ewQ categoryT
lay outQ8logTi(Q11#Tte!i(Q2)2
3an, of Ghana @200#A.
*tati"tical 8ulletin ugu"t 200#. ccra< Ghana< 3an, of
Ghana.ww w.8og.g o'.ghHin( ex.php?optionQ co!S con tentT'i ewQ categoryT
layoutQ8logTi(Q11#Tte!i(Q2)2
3an, of Ghana @200+A.*tati"tical 8ulletin 6ece!8er 200+. ccra< Ghana< 3an,
ofGhana.ww w.8og.g o'.ghHin( ex.php?optionQ co!S contentT'i ewQ categoryT
layoutQ8logTi(Q11#Tte!i(Q2)2
3an, of Ghana @2011A.
*tati"tical 8ulletin 6ece!8er 2011. ccra< Ghana< 3an,
ofGhana.ww w.8og.g o'.ghHin( ex.php?optionQ co!S contentT'i ewQ categoryT
layoutQ8logTi(Q11#Tte!i(Q2)2
3an, of Ghana @201)A.
*tati"tical 8ulletin 6ece!8er 201). ccra< Ghana< 3an,
ofGhana.ww w.8og.g o'.ghHin( ex.php?optionQ co!S contentT'i ewQ categoryT
layoutQ8logTi(Q11#Tte!i(Q2)2
3an, of Ghana @2014A.
*tati"tical 8ulletin 6ece!8er 2014. ccra< Ghana< 3an,
ofGhana.ww w.8og.g o'.ghHin( ex.php?optionQ co!S con tentT'i ewQ categoryT
layoutQ8logTi(Q11#Tte!i(Q2)2
3an, of Ghana.
Monetary ti!e "erie" (ata. ccra< Ghana< 3an, of Ghana.ww w.8og.g o'.ghHin( ex.php?optionQ co!Sw r apperT'i ewQw rapperT0te!i(Q2)1
:ofana< < $e!elin< an( oc,8urn< J @2005A.
3alancing a "ocial accounting !atrix/ theory an( application.entre nteruni'er"itaire "ur le >i"?ue le" 9olitiue"
7cono!iue" et $&7!ploi @0>977A< Cni'er"itU $a'aloun( @G$** A/ !ain
report. ccra< Ghana< G**.www."tat"ghana.g o '.ghH(ocfile"Hgl""HG$**SMainI20>eport.p(f
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Ghana *tati"tical *er'ice @20148A.
National account" "tati"tic".
ccra< Ghana< G**.
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"ector. *tan(ar( hartere(pu8lic pre"entation.http/HHf r ."li(e"ha re.netH"ia;ou"eH1 ra=ia,han "tan(a r(chartere(8an,
-9MG nternational @2014A.Ghana/ country !ining gui(e. -9MG Glo8al Mining n"titute.ww w.,p!g.co!Hg lo8alHenHi ""ue"an(in"ight"Hartic le"pu8lication"H
page"Hghana!ininggui(e.a"px
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6raft national !ining policy of Ghana. ccra< Ghana
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>eference"
*tewar( >e(ueen @201)A.
he national an( regional "ocioecono!ic i!pact ofNew!ont Ghana&" hafo !ine.
;aarle!< the Netherlan("< *tewar( >e(ueen.
ww w.new!ont.c o!Hfi le"H(ocS( own loa("Hafri caHahafoHen'i ron!en talHNew!ontGhanaha foMine*ocioe c ono!ic
!pact*tu(y>eportS'001S814e5!.p(f
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Ghana country (ata/ Worl( 6e'elop!entn(icator".http/HH(ata.worl(8an,.orgHcountryHghana
Worl( 3an, Group @2015A.
hapter 2< *u8*aharan frica. n Glo8al econo!icpro"pect"e(ueen.
Figure 3): 0he four rounds of direct indirect and induced effects on value added and employment indicators
6irect i!pact "a!ple of !ining co!panie"7ffect" (irectly relate( to local expen(iture" of the !ining co!panie"
n(irect i!pact (irect "upplier"7ffect" ari"ing at "upplier" of goo(" an( "er'ice" in the 'alue chain of the !ining co!panie".
n(irect i!pact "upplier"&"upplier"7ffect" ari"ing at the "upplier" of goo(" an( "er'ice" of the !ining co!panie"&"upplier"
n(irect i!pact re"pen(ing of "alarie"7ffect" cau"e(8y the re"pen(ing of "alarie" that are pai( 8y the !ining co!panie"< it" "upplier" an( it" "upplier"&"upplier"
*ource/ *tewar( >e(ueen.
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nnex .nputoutput !etho(ology
nput
Financial data from sample of mining companies
he following "e'en !ine"pro'i(e( (ata @8a"e( on planne(
pro(uction figure" at the "tart of 2014 an( a""u!ing a gol(
price of C*D1e"ouce"
E hirano Gol( Mine"
E Gol( :iel(" 6a!ang
E Gol( :iel(" ar,wa
E Gol(en *tar Wa""a
E New!ont hafoE New!ont ,ye!.
'0#P data
:or Ghana< the !o"t recent (ata with which to con"truct
the *M i" fro! 200# an( i" ta,en fro! the G9 6ata3a"e @Glo8al ra(enaly"i" 9ro%ect 2012A. he *M i" the,ey ingre(ient of the !etho(ology an( i" explaine( in !ore(etail8elow.
Macroeconomic data
o 8e repre"entati'e< 201) G69 (ata @"ector an(
expen(iture8rea,(own"A fro! the G** ha" 8een u"e( to
up(ate Ghana&" *M. n a((ition< !acroecono!ic figure""uch a" gol(pro(uction< G69< la8our force an( go'ern!entre'enueha'e8een o8taine( fro! "ource" inclu(ing the3an, of Ghana< Mini"try of :inance an( Mineral"
o!!i""ion.
Employment data
he e!ploy!ent (ata per econo!ic "ector i" (eri'e( fro!
the2010 9opulation an( ;ou"ing en"u" con(ucte(8y the
G** @Ghana *tati"tical *er'ice 201)A. he"e figure" ha'e 8een
extrapolate( to 201) to account for the growth of the la8ourpopulation. :ro! that< "ocalle( e!ploy!ent inten"itie"
per "ector are (eter!ine( @ie the nu!8er of %o8" nee(e( to
pro(uce a !illion (ollar" of outputA.
3ecau"e of the i!portance of the infor!al "ector in Ghanae"ource"
7ngineer
6r. 3o8 lfa
9reciou" Mineral" Mar,eting o!pany hief 3u"ine""
6e'elop!entBfficerJaco8 7""el
Mineral" o!!i""ion @n"pectorate 6i'i"ionA hief n"pector of Mine" Mr. B8iri1Je8oahwu!a"i
Ghana 7xtracti'e n(u"trie" ran"parencynitiati'e
National oor(inator :ran,lin "hia(ey
Private sector organi@ations ""ociation of Ghana n(u"trie" 7xecuti'e 6irector Mr wu!,wa8oah
Ghana Minewor,er" Cnion >e"earch Bfficer *a!p"on gyapong
Ghana ha!8er of o!!erce an( n(u"try 7B Mr 3a(u8oagye
9ri'ate 7nterpri"e :e(eration 6irector General Nana B"ei3on"u
Mining sector related
companies
frica Mining *er'ice" o!pliance Manager 9eter 3ennett
Multiech *er'ice" General Manager Clri, Jaco8"on
Brica Ghana 3u"ine"" an( >egional
Manager We"t frica:ranci" 6ec,er
en 9etroleu! 7B Willia! ewiah
Butotec Ghana ;ea( Mar,eting Cnit WH 7noch -u"i1Je8oah
9elangio 7xploration 7xploration Manager *a!uel or,ornoo
Oi'o 7nergy Ghana orporate o!!unication"
Manager
*hirley ony -u!
2ivil society organi@ations
and non5governmental
organi@ations
rti"anal an( *!all *cale Miningfrica
Networ,
6irector< 9olicy an(
>e"earch
7(war( ,uo,o
ntegrate( *ocial 6e'elop!ententre 9olicy naly"t6irector
3ernar( na8a
6r *te'e Manteaw
hir( Worl(Networ, oor(inator JaoGraha!
3* Bfficer in harge of Mining Moha!!e( Maha!u(
Natural >e"ource Go'ernancen"titute frica >egional oor(inator 7!!anuel -uyole
entre for *ocial !pact *tu(ie" 7xecuti'e 6irector >ichar( 7lli!ah
MN >e"earch ""i"tant" -ofi 3oahene an(9atric, *tephen"on
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nnex 3$i"t of "ta,ehol(er" inter'iewe(
0a$le 3: .ta-eholders interviewed continued
9arlia!ent
Crgani@ation Position
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nnex 3$i"t of "ta,ehol(er" inter'iewe(
0a$le 3: .ta-eholders interviewed continued
o!!unity "ta,ehol(er"
Crgani@ation Position
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0a$le 3: .ta-eholders interviewed continued
o!!unity "ta,ehol(er"
Crgani@ation Position
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nnex Wor,"hop (etail"
#pril wor-shop program
0ime 0opics .pea-ers
+am Registration
+&!)am ntroduction of 2hair h!e( Nantog!ah
Bpening re!ar," Mr *ule!anu -oney< 7B Ghana ha!8er of Mine"
Bpening of the wor,"hop ;on Nii B"ah Mill"< Mini"ter $an(" an( Natural >e"ource"
+&4)am Presentation of draft findings
1. ntro(uction an( o'er'iew M" -ate ar!ichael< MM
2. Macroecono!ic8ac,groun( 6r Joe !oa,ouffour< 7
). !pact !etho(ology 6r >enU -i!< *tewar( >e(ueen
4. $ife cycle i!pact re"ult" 6r >enU -i!< *tewar( >e(ueen
5. *ur'ey re"ult" 6r Joe !oa,ouffour< 7
. PT
!!&3"am 1rea-out sessions
nclu(ing coffee 8rea,
1. $ocal econo!ic (e'elop!ent
2. >e'enue !anage!ent
). *ocial in'e"t!ent"
!%&3"pm Feed$ac- to plenary
!pm 2losing of wor-shop Mr *ule!anu -oney< 7B Ghana ha!8er of Mine"
!&3"pm *unch
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nnex Wor,"hop (etail"
nnex 6-ey policy (e'elop!ent"in Ghana&" !ining "ector
=or-shop overview
hepurpo"e of the wor,"hop hel( on 2+ pril 2015 wa"
to"er'e a" a foru! to (i"cu"" an( (e8ate the initial
fin(ing" fro! the "tu(y< an( (i"cu"" an( i(entifypractical
opportunitie" for !ulti"ta,ehol(er colla8oration where
!ining co!panie"< go'ern!ente"ource"A. he ;onoura8le
Mini"ter Mill" "ai(/
FWhile !ining ha" 8een a ,ey (ri'er in our "trong econo!ic
growth< the in(u"try ha" e'en greater potential to i!pro'e
the well8eing of all Ghanaian". he 8e"t way to !a,e that
a reality i" for all "eg!ent" of "ociety to 8e part ofplanning
a (efinite future for !ining in Ghana an( "eeing to it"
i!ple!entation. Mining therefore ha" an integralpart to
play in our econo!y.
fter that M" -ate ar!ichael @Manager *ocial an(
7cono!ic 6e'elop!entof 0MMA ga'e an intro(uction an(6r Joe !oa,ouffour an( 6r >enU -i!pre"ente( the
(raft fin(ing" of the "tu(y. hi" wa" followe( 8y8rea,out"e""ion"< where participant" "plit into three group" to
exchange i(ea" an( (i"cu"" practical "tep" that coul( 8e
ta,en to "trengthen partner"hip" for (e'elop!entin theGhanaian !ining "ector.
he8rea,out "e""ion" focu"e( on three area"/ local
econo!ic (e'elop!ent
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a8le 4pro'i(e" an o'er'iew of the ,ey policy
(e'elop!ent" in the !ining "ector of Ghana. Mo"t policy(e'elop!ent" ha'e 8een a8out regulating an( pro!oting"!all"cale
!ining an( "trengthening the collection< tran"parency an(
!anage!ent of !ineral re'enue".
0a$le 4: .ome -ey developments in 'hana(smining sector policy
6ear Policy initiative focus and o$Aectives /ey developments
2004 . re'ol'ing gol( cre(it of refine( gol( wa" create( to
increa"e 'alue a((ition in gol( through%ewellery pro(uction
hi" in'ol'e( the ollege of Jewellery an( the 9reciou" Mineral"
Mar,eting o!pany with the a""i"tance fro! "o!e !ining
co!panie"
opro!ote 'alue a((ition in (ia!on(pro(uction 6ia!on(cuttingplant wa" licen"e( toproce"" local (ia!on("
7"ta8li"h!ent of an alternati'e li'elihoo( progra! to "u"tain
!ining co!!unitie" after ce""ation of !ining acti'itie"
Mineral" o!!i""ion in'ol'e( chief" an( lan(owner" in targete(
co!!unitie" for oil pal! plantation (e'elop!ent
2005 o (i'er"ify the !ineral" 8a"e of the econo!y an( increa"e
in'e"t!ent in the "u8"ector< Go'ern!entof Ghana planne( to"tep up air8orne geographical "ur'ey" an( i!pro'e pre"entation
of geological (ata an( !ineral infor!ation to in'e"tor"
Go'ern!entof Ghana planne( to un(erta,e an air8ornegeophy"ical "ur'ey of the entire Oolta 3a"in to increa"e (ata on
the nation&" !ineral re"ource" an( i!pro'e pre"entation of
geological (ata an( !ineral infor!ation to in'e"tor"
9ro!otion of "u"taina8le "!all"cale gol( !ining operation" he !ini"try i(entifie( three area" in the We"tern>egion an(Winne8a in entral >egion for "!all"cale !ining operation"
200 o (i'er"ify the !ineral" 8a"e of the econo!y an( increa"e
in'e"t!ent in the "u8"ector through greater !onitoring of the
exploration an( !ining acti'itie"
9u8lic awarene"" ca!paign" on the new Mineral" an(
Mining $aw
200# ncrea"e in !ineral royaltie" to u"e the !ining in(u"try a" a
cataly"tfor (e'elop!ent
Mineral royaltie"increa"e( fro! )I to 5I
Greater !onitoring an( e'aluationof operation" for "afety
200 Greater (i'er"ification in "!all"cale !ining 7xploration of opportunitie" in "!all"cale (ia!on( !ining
Greater regulation in (ia!on( !ining in light of the -i!8erley9roce"" ertification *che!e
ll "!all"cale (ia!on( F8righter future !iner" an(
8uyer" regi"tere( an( gi'en i(entity car(" to facilitate
!onitoring< re(uce "!uggling an( co!ply with the "!all
"cale (ia!on( "ector
200+ Greater Go'ern!entof Ghana !onitoring an( e'aluationofexploration co!panie" an( !ining co!panie" to en"ure
co!pliance with !ining agree!ent"
2010 Go'ern!entof Ghana re'iew of (i'i(en( pay!ent"< exe!ption"an( the !ining "ector fi"cal regi!e
Go'ern!entof Ghana increa"e( engage!ent with !iningco!panie" on their contri8ution" un(er the fi"cal regi!e
Mea"ure" to a((re"" "ocial i""ue" in !ining co!!unitie" an(euita8le (i"tri8ution of !ining re'enue" 6raft gui(eline" intro(uce( on the u"e of !ineral royaltie"8y(i"trict an( !unicipal a""e!8lie"*ur'ey" un(erta,en to e"ta8li"h 8a"eline" (ata on "ocial
conflict" in !ining co!!unitie"
2011 hange" to when !ineral royalty pay!ent" are pai( hange in when an( how often !ineral royaltie"are pai(
7"ta8li"h!ent of !ultiagency !ining re'enueta", force ncrea"e in au(it" of !ine operation"
2012 :i"cal policy (e'elop!ent"to increa"e re'enue fro! the "ector orporate tax rate increa"e( fro! 25I to )5I
ntro(uction of a win(fall tax of 10I collecte( fro! all!ining co!panie"
apital allowance of 20I for 5 year"for !ining co!panie"
7"ta8li"h!ent of a national renegotiation tea! to criticallyre'iew fi"cal regi!e" an( !ining agree!ent"
*upport to "!all"cale !ining group" *upportpro'i(e( topurcha"e e?uip!ent an( wor,ing capital
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nnex 6-ey policy (e'elop!ent"in Ghana&" !ining "ectornnex 7
he !ine pro%ect life cycle
0a$le 4: .ome -ey developments in 'hana(smining sector policy continued
6ear Policy initiative focus and o$Aectives /ey developments
201) Mea"ure" to "trengthen the regulatory fra!ewor, o gi'e full effect to ct #0) on the go'ernanceof the in(u"trye(ueen i" a "peciali=e( con"ultancy fir! whichhelp" 8u"ine"" to enhance their i!pact on "ociety while
7pro'i(e" re"earch< policy a('ice< an( capacityenhance!ent" that frican go'ern!ent"can u"e totran"for! their econo!ie"< re(uce po'erty an( i!pro'eli'ing "tan(ar(". he report&" lea( author" are 6r. >enU
-i! an( Mr. ia" 'an Moor"el fro! *tewar( >e(ueen an(9rof. Joe !oa,ouffour an( M". *arahJane 6anchie
fro! 7 @with re"earch a""i"tance fro! Maa!e 7"i7"hun an( :ran, (uA. Much of the analy"i" in the report
relie" on (ata pro'i(e( 8y the Ghana ha!8er of Mine"enU -i! forpre"enting the re"ult" of the analy"i"
an( Mr. 7!!anuel -uyole for facilitating the 8rea,out"e""ion". he contri8ution" !a(e at the wor,"hop< an(
tho"e e!erging fro! the 8rea, out "e""ion (i"cu""ion"
an( !any 8ilateral !eeting"< ha'e i!!ea"ura8lyi!pro'e(our un(er"tan(ing of the ,ey i""ue" in !iningin Ghana.
he tea! woul( al"o li,e to exten( it" "incere than,"
tothe "taff at the !any participating agencie" of the
Go'ern!entof Ghana< participating !ining co!panie"e(ueen&" an( .7&"re"pon"i8ilityalone. he a""ign!ent ha" 8een un(erta,en on the
8a"i" of "trict o8%ecti'ity an( in(epen(ence.
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Disclaimer
hi" pu8lication contain" general gui(ance
only an( "houl( not 8e relie( upon a" a"u8"titute for appropriate technical
experti"e. While rea"ona8le precaution"
ha'e 8een ta,en to 'erify the infor!ation
containe( in thi" pu8lication a" at the (ate
ofpu8lication< it i" 8eing (i"tri8ute(
withoutwarranty of any ,in(< either
expre""or i!plie(.
n no e'ent "hall the nternational ouncil
on Mining an( Metal" @F0MMA @or it"affiliate" or contri8utor"< re'iewer" or
e(itor" to thi" pu8licationA8e lia8le for(a!age" or lo""e" of any ,in(< howe'erari"ing< fro! the u"e of< or reliance on thi"
(ocu!ent. he re"pon"i8ility for theinterpretation an( u"e of thi" pu8lication
lie" with the u"er @who "houl( not a""u!e
that it i" errorfree or that it will 8e "uita8le
for the u"er&" purpo"eA an( 0MM a""u!e"no re"pon"i8ility what"oe'erfor error" oro!i""ion" in thi" pu8lication or in other
"ource !aterial" which are reference(8y
thi" pu8lication.
he 'iew" expre""e( (o not nece""arilyrepre"ent the (eci"ion" or the "tate(policy
of 0MM. hi"pu8lication (oe" not con"titutea po"ition "tate!ent or other !an(atory
co!!it!ent which !e!8er" of 0MM are
o8lige( to a(opt un(er the 0MM *u"taina8le6e'elop!ent:ra!ewor,.
We are not re"pon"i8le for< an( !a,e no
repre"entation on< the content or relia8ility
of lin,e( we8"ite"< an( lin,ing "houl( not 8e
ta,en a" en(or"e!ent of any ,in(. We ha'e
no control o'er the a'aila8ility of lin,e(
page" an( accept no re"pon"i8ility for the!.
he (e"ignation" e!ploye(an( thepre"entation of the !aterial in thi"
pu8lication (o not i!ply the expre""ion
of any opinion what"oe'eron the part of0MM concerning the legal "tatu" of any
country< territory< city or area or of it"authoritie"< or concerning (eli!itation
of it" frontier" or 8oun(arie". n a((itionepro(uction of thi" pu8lication for re"ale
or other co!!ercial purpo"e" i"prohi8ite(
without prior written per!i""ion of the
copyright hol(er".
*3N/ +#1+0+4)4141
'aila8le fro!/ 0MM< ww w.ic!!.co!an
GlencoreGol(corp
Gol( :iel("
;y(roJX Nippon Mining T Metal"
$on!in
Mit"u8i"hi Material"
MMG
New!ont
9olyu" Gol(
>io into
*outh)2
*u!ito!o Metal Mining
ec,