Stepping forwards to 5G
November 30, 2018
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
IEEE 5G Summit Rio
Principal EngineerNETWORK BUSINESS STRATEGY OFFICE
FUJITSU LIMITED
NAKAMURA, TAKAHARU
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Contents
Preambles:
An enabling technology:• Ultra High-Density Distributed Smart Antenna Systems
• Role of 5G / Implications of 5G / Traffic trends / Ways to improve system capacity
As additional remark on ‘Transmission latency’
Utilization of higher and wider spectrum:• mmWave beamforming as an example / Observations on fractional band width
Conclusion: ‘Phased approach’
1
Market demands and Mobile Communication systems
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Radio AccessTechnologies
MarketDemand
Mobile Core Network
Analog cell phonesystems
IMT-2000(3G)
Voice Call Capacity
improvement
IP friendly mobile(‘Portable’ Internet)
LTE (3.9G)LTE-Advanced (4G)PDC
AMPSGSM (2G)
ISDNIP based network
ATM
User channelsin radio PHY
Dedicated to each user
1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s
Global standard+
Multi-media capable
2020&Beyond(‘5G’)
Portable Doors to Variety ofServices
Shared by plural users
?
2
‘4G’ system outlined in 2003
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Ref: ITU-R Rec. M.1645 Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT-2000 (06/2003)
3
5G Radio Access Technologies foreseen in 2014
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Technologies shown here may not be exhaustive and subject to further investigations
Ref: "Mobile Communications Systems for 2020 and beyond", ARIB 2020 and Beyond Ad Hoc Group White Paper, October 2014.
4
Sensing Navigation
DisasterPrediction
RemoteAccess Smart Citizen
Services
Shared Experience
Transport massive information
Real-time feedback
5G ICT creates new knowledge and supports activity of humans and machines in real time, by analyzing large amounts of data in physical world.
Advanced analysis technique
Secure, Stable, Efficient connectivity
‘5G’
The role of 5G: Bridging Digital World and Physical World
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Implications of 5G
High speed,High
capacity
Massive connections
5GLow latency, Ultra reliable
Thro
ughput
/User
experience(Q
oE
*)
*Q
uality
of Experience
Number of connections / Amount of data volume
AI
Arena applicationsTelemedicine / Remote surgery
Sustainable Development Smart town
VR / AR
Connected cars
SNS / Video streaming
Utilities
Manufacturing
Smart meter
Digital Signage
Food, Agriculture
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New traffic types from possible new fields
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2018
Mobile specific traffic
2210Gbps
Fixed comm. Alike traffic
202x?
2210Gbps
Fixed and Mobile communications Traffic in Japan
Refs: "Status of the mobile communications traffic of Japan (May. 2018)," Information and Communications Statistics Database, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan, Jun. 2018."Aggregation and Provisional Calculation of Internet Traffic in Japan (as of May 2018)," Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan, Aug. 2018.
2018
Mobile specific traffic
(Mobile specific applications)
2210Gbps
Replacement of fixed (wired)
communications
202x
2210Gbps
Genuine new Type
Traffic
Wired comm. alike traffic
X 10 within 7 years!X 100 within 14 years?X 1000 in 21 years ???
Depending on Cost vs. Value provided
Urgent: Cope with enormously increasing traffic (on going story in ‘4G’ systems)Foreseen: Handling of genuine new type, genuine mobile specific traffic.
8
Profiles of communication traffic
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Refs: "Status of the mobile communications traffic of Japan (May. 2018)," Information and Communications Statistics Database, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan, Jun. 2018."Aggregation and Provisional Calculation of Internet Traffic in Japan (as of May 2018)," Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan, Aug. 2018.
Annual growth ratio of communications traffic Share of mobile traffic (mobile / Total traffic)
9
Ways to improve system capacity
1. Improved spectral efficiency: Peak spectral efficiency: 30bps/Hz (UL), 15bps/Hz(DL)
2. Wider spectrum Utilization of SHF or EHF (up to bandwidth of several hundreds MHz)
3. Smaller cells Area traffic capacity (bps/m2) should be 3 times higher than IMT-
Advanced (ITU-R Rep. M.2134)
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Utilization of higher and wider spectrum- implementation aspects -
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Number of frequency bands specified in 3GPP
Sources:3GPP TS25.101, “User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception (FDD),” (Dec. 1999-Dec. 2017).3GPP TS25.102, “User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception (TDD),” (Dec. 1999- Dec. 2017).3GPP TS 36.101, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception”, (Oct. 2010-Dec. 2017).3GPP TS 38.101-1, “NR; User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception; Part 1: Range 1 Standalone,” (Dec. 2017).3GPP TS 38.101-2, “NR; User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception; Part 2: Range 2 Standalone,” (Dec. 2017).
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Number of CA combinations specified for LTE-Advanced
Source: 3GPP TS 36.101, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception”, (Oct. 2010-Dec. 2017).
13
Utilization of single contiguous wide bandwidth spectrum
Carrier Aggregation (LTE-Advanced)(Combining multiple component carriers)
Single contiguous wide bandwidth carrier
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Operation of New RAT above 6GHz
Channel susceptible to shadowing, large penetration loss Beamforming gain and diversity to compensate the large path loss
Potentially high device cost/complexity and power consumption Limited mobility and cell/beam discovery/tracking
Features for above 6GHz (up to 100GHz)
• ~2GHz BW• Support of multiple radio interface parameters for future proofing and
optimization for different scenarios (e.g. Indoor/outdoor, frequency bands, fronthaul/backhaul applications)
Beam-space multiplexing of multiple TX signals• Analog/digital hybrid beamforming
• Low power consumption & cost• One analog beam serves multiple UEs
Beam-space + site diversity to compensate shadowing
New RAT New RAT+
f
LTE
(Def by WRC19)
• Dual connectivity SCell (First priority)• Standalone operation should also be supported
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Carrier frequency vs. bandwidth specified for LTE and NR
Ref: 3GPP TS 36.101, "E-UTRA; User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception" (V.15.4.0) 2018-10
3GPP TS 38.101-1, "NR; User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception; Part 1: Range 1 Standalone" (V.15.3.0) 2018-10
3GPP TS 38.101-2, "NR; User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception; Part 2: Range 2 Standalone" (V.15.3.0) 2018-10
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Millimeter wave technologies
70GHz Vehicle Radar, E-band(70/80GHz) Wireless transport system
28GHz Wireless equipment (under development)
Millimeter waves
Frequency
70GHz/80GHzE-band wireless transport system
70GHz Vehicle Radar
28GHz Wireless system
Beam forming
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http://www.fujitsu.com/global/products/network/products/gx4000/
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Schema
TypeFull Digital beam
forming
Sub-array with hybrid digital/analog weight control
Simple sub-array config. Inter sub-array coding
DACs 6 2 (with 6 analog phase sifters)
Beam forming
6 antennas/beam 3 antennas/beam(3 antennas×2
sets)/beam
D/A D/A
A B
AB
A B
A B
D/A D/A D/A D/A D/A D/A
信号処理Signal processing
D/A D/A
A B
2A = (A+B) + (A-B)
2B = (A+B) – (A-B)
サブアレー間符号化
A+B A-B
Inter sub-array coding
Hybrid beam forming with reduced power consumption
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Ref: Y.Ohashi et.al, "4 beam multiplexing 10Gbps millimeterwave communication with inter-subarray coding interleave beamforming," IEICE Tech. Rep. RCS2017-229 (Nov. 2017).
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Inter-leaved sub-arrays
D/A
D/A
A B
Phase=0°
Phase=180°
D/A
D/A
A B
Phase=0°Phase=0°
v𝑖 𝜃𝑚
=
𝑘=0
𝐾−1
𝑤𝑖+𝑘𝑀𝑒𝑥𝑝 𝑗2𝜋𝑑
𝜆𝑖 + 𝑘𝑀 sin 𝜃𝑚
= 𝑘=0𝐾−1 𝑒𝑥𝑝 𝑗2𝜋
𝑑
𝜆𝑖 + 𝑘𝑀 sin 𝜃𝑚 − sin 𝜃0
= 𝐾𝑒𝑥𝑝 𝑗2𝜋𝑖𝑚
𝑀
v𝑖 𝜃𝑚 : Array factor
𝑤𝑖+𝑘𝑀: Antenna weight
𝜃0: Main lobe direction
M: Number of sub-arrays
K: Number of elements per array
where sin 𝜃𝑖 − sin𝜃𝑚 = 𝑚𝜆
𝑀𝑑
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Ref: Y.Ohashi et.al, "4 beam multiplexing 10Gbps millimeterwave communication with inter-subarray coding interleave beamforming," IEICE Tech. Rep. RCS2017-229 (Nov. 2017).
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Inter-leaved antenna array
Antenna array configuration: 16 arrays (8 arrays × 2 sets) Horizontal beam steering
8-ch phased array chip ×2
DAC
DAC
Millimeter Wave
Frequency Conversion
Phased Array Chip
16 Array Antennas
Millimeter Wave
Frequency Conversion
Phased Array Chip
0.7λ
33mm
58mm
Antenna board (60GHz)
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Ref: Y.Ohashi et.al, "4 beam multiplexing 10Gbps millimeterwave communication with inter-subarray coding interleave beamforming," IEICE Tech. Rep. RCS2017-229 (Nov. 2017).
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Antenna beam patterns
Item Parameter
RF carrier frequency 60.5GHz
Bandwidth 1.08GHz
Modulation BPSK / QPSK / 16QAM
OFDM symbol interval 1.0074µsec
Bit rate 2.53Gbps/beam
Number of beams 4 (max)
Single sub-array TX(Bore sight=18°)
Interleaved 2 sub-array TX(Bore sight=18°)
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Ref: Y.Ohashi et.al, "4 beam multiplexing 10Gbps millimeterwave communication with inter-subarray coding interleave beamforming," IEICE Tech. Rep. RCS2017-229 (Nov. 2017).
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An enabling technology
Ultra High-Density Distributed Smart Antenna Systems
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Ultra High-Density Distributed Smart Antenna Systems
Ultra High-Density Distributed Smart Antenna Systems BS-BS distance < 100m
(Outdoor: ~several 10m,
Indoor: ~ Several meters)
Propagation characteristics Line of sight propagations
⇒ Stable and high quality communications
Higher inter-cell interference
Utilizing inter BS coordinated transmission at cell edge areas
Enabling technologies Inter cell coordinated beam forming
Combination of distributed and concentrated antenna deployment
Inter BS distance
Inter BSdistance
[m]
# of BSs[BSs/km2]
500 5
200 29
100 116
50 462
35 943
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300
見通し確率[%
]
端末-基地局間距離 [m]
Urban Micro (UMi) Model
(3GPP TR36.814)
Pro
bof LO
S [
%]
BS-UE distance
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Distributed Smart Antennas
Flexible BS configurationsHigh antenna gain with beam
forming using clustered antennas.Flexible BS configurations allow flexible beam forming design with proper number
of BSs depending on deployment scenarios.
Clustered BS units
Cope with obstacles (Human bodies, trees,
buildings) with distributed antennas.
Distributed BS units(RRH)
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Ultra High-Density Distributed Smart Antenna Systems
Virtual cells
TP
CBBU
Field Trial of Ultra High-Density Distributed Antenna Systems for 5G
Ref: “Fujitsu Launches Field Trial of Ultra High-Density Distributed Antenna Systems for 5G,” Press release of Fujitsu, (Nov. 2017) [http://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/resources/news/press-releases/2017/1107-01.html]
Ref: “5G R&D Activities for High Capacity Technologies with Ultra High-Density Multi-Band and Multi-Access Layered Cells”, IEICE RCS2015-250 (Dec. 2015)
Ultra High-Density Distributed Antenna Systems
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Ultra low latency data transmission- An additional remark -
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Ref: The Tactile Internet, ITU-T Technology Watch Report, Aug. 2014
Exemplary latency budget of a system of the Tactile Internet
[Ref] The Tactile Internet
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Tokyo centered Rio de Janeiro centered
18,553km(62ms@3×108m/s)
Azimuthal equidistant projection
Consideration: Geographically localized network services
Ref: Nakamura. T, “Radio Access Network Technologies for ‘5G’”,IEICE Soc. conf. 2015 (Sep. 2015),
P. Wessel, W. Smith, “A global self-consistent, hierarchical, high-resolution shoreline database”, Journal of geophysical research, Vol. 101, No. B4, pp.8741-8743 (Apr. 1996)
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18,553km(62ms@3×108m/s)
The other side of the globe
30
Ref: "Embarking on Mobile Communications systems for 2020 and beyond," Proc. 2016 IEICE General Conference, TK-3-4, SSS-9, Mar. 2016 (in Japanese).)
Propagation delay at speed of light
Lower bound of propagation delay vs. distance
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Consideration: Geographically localized network services
Ref: Nakamura. T, “Radio Access Network Technologies for ‘5G’”,IEICE Soc. conf. 2015 (Sep. 2015),
P. Wessel, W. Smith, “A global self-consistent, hierarchical, high-resolution shoreline database”, Journal of geophysical research, Vol. 101, No. B4, pp.8741-8743 (Apr. 1996)
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Tokyo centered Rio centered
Azimuthal equidistant projection (Partial log scale)
100km (0.3ms@3×108m/s)
100km(0.3ms@3×108m/s)
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Phased approach- Conclusion remarks -
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5G RAT and LTE Evolution (Phased approach)
5G Phase-1 (To be deployed in 2020)• New RAT (up to 30GHz)
• Mainly for eMBB• Massive MTC, Ultra reliable
MTC• E2E latency reduction• Flexible TDD• Enhancements for UDN
5G Phase-2 (To be deployed in 2022~2023)• Extension of BW using new spectrum
above 6GHz (New RAT up to 100GHz, BF/MIMO)
• Support of full-duplex operation• (mmWave) wireless back/fronthaul
Forward/Backward
compatibility
• Technologies for LTE evolution can also be used also for 5G new RAT. So, the above classification may not be strictly followed.
LTE Evolution• eMBB
• eLAA for 5GHz unlicensed• Flexible duplex (FDD)• WiGig aggregation• MUST
• Latency reduction, V2X, …
LTE Evolution continues
Tight interworking
Ref: “R&D activities towards 5G in Fujitsu,” MultimediaPromotion Forum, presentation #678, (Oct. 2015)
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