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In this powerpoint, you will learn about:
Cell theory
Difference between eukaryote sand prokaryotes
Endoysymbiosis explained
Organelle structure and function
This is important information and will take some effort to learn.
You may want to make flashcards.
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Beginnings of the Cell Theory
1665: Robert Hooke first observed cells in a piece of cork.
1675: Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed living cells and microorganisms.
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Beginnings of the Cell Theory1838: Matthias Schleiden—all plants are made of cells.
1839: Theodor Schwann—animals are made of cells.
1855: Rudolf Virchow—cells can only arise from other cells.
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Cell TheoryThese scientists helped form what is
now known as the cell theory:
All living things are composed of cellsThe cell is the basic unit of structure
and function in living thingsNew cells originate from existing cells
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Prokaryotes vs. EukaryotesProkaryotesSmallerSimpler
structureLacks most
organellesDNA NOT
within a membrane (no nucleus)
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Early cellular life on earthEndosymbiosis theorySome prokaryotic
organisms that made their own food were engulfed by eukaryotic organisms
They experienced symbiosis (two different species benefitting from living and working together)
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Evidence that supports endosymbiosis
They have a double membrane surrounding their inner structure
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA
They produce proteins and enzymes that they need in order to function
They are able to replicate their own DNA and direct their own division, just like bacterial cells do
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Prokaryotes vs. EukaryotesEukaryotesLargerMore complex
structureHas a nucleus
(DNA within a membrane)
Many types of organelles
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Cells
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
Can be
Bacteria
Known as Contain
Organelles
Lackfound
in
Protists
FungiPlants
Animals
Concept Map
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Eukaryotic CellsTwo major types:PlantAnimal
Many different organellesOrganelle: a structure within a cell
that carries out a certain function
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Major organelles:Nucleus
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)Smooth ERRough ER
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Centrioles
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NucleusControl center of cellContains DNADirects protein synthesis
NucleolusWithin nucleusMakes ribosomesChromatin surrounds
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Cell Membrane Controls what
enters and leaves cell
Provides protection and support
Layer of lipids and proteins
Cell Membrane
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Cytoplasm
Everything in the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus
Comprised of a jelly-like substance that suspends the organelles
Site of most cell activity
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Ribosomes
Produce proteins
Instructions from the nucleus
Either floating free in cytoplasm or attached to rough ER
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A system of membranes that connect nuclear membrane to cell membrane.
Involved in transport
Two typesRough ERSmooth ER
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Rough ERRibosomes on surface
– “rough”Makes membrane
proteins
Smooth ERContains enzymes
that synthesize certain molecules like lipids
Drug detoxification
Rough Smooth
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Golgi Apparatus
“Stack of pancakes”
Modifies, packages and secretes cell products
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LysosomesContains digestive enzymes
Digest food, damaged organelles, and other waste
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VacuolesMuch larger in plant cells
Serve as storage for nutrients, water and waste products
Plant cell vacuole
Animal cell vacuoles
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MitochondriaPowerhouse of the cell
Provides energy to the cell in the form of ATP
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Centrioles
Found in ANIMAL Cells
Involved in animal cell reproduction
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Cell WallPlant cells ONLY!
On the outside of the cell membrane of plant cells
Rigid
Provides support and protection
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Chloroplasts
Plant cells ONLY!
Contain chlorophyll, a pigment, which gives plants their green color
Captures sunlight in order to produce food for the plant through photosynthesis