In this powerpoint, you will learn about:

Cell theory

Difference between eukaryote sand prokaryotes

Endoysymbiosis explained

Organelle structure and function

This is important information and will take some effort to learn.

You may want to make flashcards.

Beginnings of the Cell Theory

1665: Robert Hooke first observed cells in a piece of cork.

1675: Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed living cells and microorganisms.

Beginnings of the Cell Theory1838: Matthias Schleiden—all plants are made of cells.

1839: Theodor Schwann—animals are made of cells.

1855: Rudolf Virchow—cells can only arise from other cells.

Cell TheoryThese scientists helped form what is

now known as the cell theory:

All living things are composed of cellsThe cell is the basic unit of structure

and function in living thingsNew cells originate from existing cells

Prokaryotes vs. EukaryotesProkaryotesSmallerSimpler

structureLacks most

organellesDNA NOT

within a membrane (no nucleus)

Early cellular life on earthEndosymbiosis theorySome prokaryotic

organisms that made their own food were engulfed by eukaryotic organisms

They experienced symbiosis (two different species benefitting from living and working together)

Evidence that supports endosymbiosis

They have a double membrane surrounding their inner structure

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA

They produce proteins and enzymes that they need in order to function

They are able to replicate their own DNA and direct their own division, just like bacterial cells do

Prokaryotes vs. EukaryotesEukaryotesLargerMore complex

structureHas a nucleus

(DNA within a membrane)

Many types of organelles

Cells

Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic

Can be

Bacteria

Known as Contain

Organelles

Lackfound

in

Protists

FungiPlants

Animals

Concept Map

Eukaryotic CellsTwo major types:PlantAnimal

Many different organellesOrganelle: a structure within a cell

that carries out a certain function

Major organelles:Nucleus

Nucleolus

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)Smooth ERRough ER

Golgi Apparatus

Lysosomes

Vacuoles

Mitochondria

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm

Centrioles

NucleusControl center of cellContains DNADirects protein synthesis

NucleolusWithin nucleusMakes ribosomesChromatin surrounds

Cell Membrane Controls what

enters and leaves cell

Provides protection and support

Layer of lipids and proteins

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Everything in the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus

Comprised of a jelly-like substance that suspends the organelles

Site of most cell activity

Ribosomes

Produce proteins

Instructions from the nucleus

Either floating free in cytoplasm or attached to rough ER

A system of membranes that connect nuclear membrane to cell membrane.

Involved in transport

Two typesRough ERSmooth ER

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Rough ERRibosomes on surface

– “rough”Makes membrane

proteins

Smooth ERContains enzymes

that synthesize certain molecules like lipids

Drug detoxification

Rough Smooth

Golgi Apparatus

“Stack of pancakes”

Modifies, packages and secretes cell products

LysosomesContains digestive enzymes

Digest food, damaged organelles, and other waste

VacuolesMuch larger in plant cells

Serve as storage for nutrients, water and waste products

Plant cell vacuole

Animal cell vacuoles

MitochondriaPowerhouse of the cell

Provides energy to the cell in the form of ATP

Centrioles

Found in ANIMAL Cells

Involved in animal cell reproduction

Cell WallPlant cells ONLY!

On the outside of the cell membrane of plant cells

Rigid

Provides support and protection

Chloroplasts

Plant cells ONLY!

Contain chlorophyll, a pigment, which gives plants their green color

Captures sunlight in order to produce food for the plant through photosynthesis