www.brainyias.com
INDEX of All the Subjects
Ethics
ContentsWestern Moral Thinkers..............................................................................................................................8
Socrates...................................................................................................................................................8
Plato......................................................................................................................................................12
Aristotle.................................................................................................................................................18
Epicureanism.........................................................................................................................................25
Stoicism.................................................................................................................................................29
Utilitarianism.........................................................................................................................................32
Kantianism.............................................................................................................................................40
Moral Thinkers of Twentieth Century........................................................................................................45
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................45
G.E. Moore............................................................................................................................................45
Sir David Ross........................................................................................................................................46
A.J. Ayer.................................................................................................................................................46
C.L. Stevenson.......................................................................................................................................47
R.M. Hare...............................................................................................................................................48
John Rawls.............................................................................................................................................51
SUMMARY.............................................................................................................................................52
Ethical Ideas in Indian Philosophical Tradition...........................................................................................54
Hinduism...............................................................................................................................................54
Jainism...................................................................................................................................................62
Pride..................................................................................................................................................63
Buddhist Ethics......................................................................................................................................64
Gandhian Ethics.....................................................................................................................................68
Lessons from the Lives of Great Leaders, Reformers and Administrators.................................................78
Introduction and Approach...................................................................................................................78
Vivekananda..........................................................................................................................................79
Ramakrishna Paramahamsa..................................................................................................................83
Sri Aurobindo.........................................................................................................................................85
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.comRaja Ram Mohan Roy............................................................................................................................87
Dayananda Saraswati............................................................................................................................89
Narayana Guru......................................................................................................................................91
Sir Rabindranath Tagore........................................................................................................................94
Kautilya..................................................................................................................................................97
Guru Ravidas........................................................................................................................................101
Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, Determinants and Consequences of Ethics in Human Actions....105
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................105
Definitions of Ethics.............................................................................................................................105
Ethical Standards.................................................................................................................................108
Ethics that Shape Society.....................................................................................................................110
Analytical Ethics (Metaethics)..............................................................................................................110
Criticisms of the Doctrine of Double Effect..........................................................................................114
Sources of Ethical Guidance: Laws, Rules, Regulations and Conscience..................................................117
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................117
Ordinary Meaning of Law....................................................................................................................117
Meaning of Law in Ethics.....................................................................................................................117
Types of Law According to Aquinas.....................................................................................................118
Constitutional Values...........................................................................................................................121
Conscience...........................................................................................................................................122
Ethical Reasoning and Moral Dilemmas..................................................................................................128
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................128
Ethical Situations.................................................................................................................................128
Process of Moral Decision Making.......................................................................................................128
Ethical Dilemmas.................................................................................................................................132
Frame Work for Analyzing Ethical Dilemmas.......................................................................................136
Codes of Ethics and Codes of Conduct....................................................................................................139
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................139
Distinction between Codes of Ethics and Codes of Conduct................................................................139
Codes and Laws...................................................................................................................................140
Internal Regulation..............................................................................................................................142
Codes of Conduct for Civil Servants: General Principles and Approach...............................................144
Reporting Details of Properties and Transactions................................................................................149
Financial Propriety...............................................................................................................................150
Political Neutrality...............................................................................................................................151
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.comOther Norms........................................................................................................................................153
Individual Ethics of Civil Servants............................................................................................................156
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................156
Character and Personality...................................................................................................................156
Virtue Ethics........................................................................................................................................156
Types of Virtues...................................................................................................................................158
Recent Views on Ethics for Civil Servants............................................................................................158
Civil service ethics in different schools of thought..............................................................................162
Ethical and Sensitive Conduct..............................................................................................................166
Code of Conduct for Ministers.................................................................................................................169
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................169
Framework for Ethical Behaviour........................................................................................................169
Ethical Standards Prescribed by Nolan Committee..............................................................................169
SARC's Views on Code of Ethics for Ministers......................................................................................173
Mechanisms for Fighting Corruption.......................................................................................................176
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................176
Defining Corruption.............................................................................................................................176
Widening the Definition of Corruption................................................................................................178
Roots of Corruption.............................................................................................................................179
Causes of Corruption...........................................................................................................................180
Systemic Reforms for Curbing Corruption...........................................................................................181
Administrative structure and procedures for curbing corruption........................................................182
Types of Vigilance................................................................................................................................185
Fight against Corruption: Current Issues.................................................................................................190
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................190
Delays in Departmental Proceedings...................................................................................................190
Disciplinary Proceedings......................................................................................................................191
Sanction for Prosecution.....................................................................................................................192
Speeding up Trials under the Prevention of Corruption Act................................................................194
Protection to Whistleblowers..............................................................................................................197
Constitutional Protection to Civil Servants – Article 311.....................................................................199
Multi-pronged Approach to Reducing Corruption...................................................................................206
Citizens' Initiatives and Civil Society....................................................................................................206
Social Audit..........................................................................................................................................208
Systemic Reforms................................................................................................................................209
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.comRecent Measures.................................................................................................................................211
Improvement in Accuracy of Electoral Rolls........................................................................................219
Coalition and Ethics.............................................................................................................................222
Lokpal......................................................................................................................................................226
Historical Background..........................................................................................................................226
Recent Developments.........................................................................................................................226
Main Provision of the Bill.....................................................................................................................227
Lokpal's Jurisdiction.............................................................................................................................227
Procedure for Complaint Handling......................................................................................................228
Controversial Issues.............................................................................................................................230
Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................234
The Right to Information Act...................................................................................................................236
Key Concepts.......................................................................................................................................238
RTI's Main Strategy: Disclosure............................................................................................................238
Central Information Commission (CIC)................................................................................................239
Complaints under RTI Act....................................................................................................................241
The Official Secrets Act........................................................................................................................243
Overview of the Impact.......................................................................................................................245
Citizen’s Charter......................................................................................................................................248
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................248
The Indian Scenario.............................................................................................................................249
Rationale of a Citizen's Charter............................................................................................................252
Citizen's Charters - Model Guidelines..................................................................................................254
Features of a Good Charter.................................................................................................................256
Main Provisions of the Bill...................................................................................................................260
Complaint Mechanism.........................................................................................................................261
Penalties..............................................................................................................................................262
Main Issues..........................................................................................................................................262
Corporate Governance............................................................................................................................265
Structure and Processes of Companies...............................................................................................265
Corporate Governance........................................................................................................................269
Evolution of Corporate Governance in India.......................................................................................272
Provisions Contained in the Companies Act........................................................................................273
Attitudes..................................................................................................................................................281
Attitude: Definition and Elaboration....................................................................................................281
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.comAttitude: Structure...............................................................................................................................282
Attitude: Functions..............................................................................................................................283
Learning Theory of Attitude Change Classical Conditioning................................................................285
Theory of Persuasion...........................................................................................................................287
Cognitive Routes..................................................................................................................................289
Attitudes and Behaviour......................................................................................................................291
Explaining Inconsistency......................................................................................................................292
The Principle of Compatibility..............................................................................................................295
The MODE Model................................................................................................................................295
Stereotyping and Prejudice.................................................................................................................299
Emotional Intelligence.............................................................................................................................304
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................304
Intellectual Abilities.............................................................................................................................305
Moral Qualities....................................................................................................................................305
Emotional Intelligence.........................................................................................................................305
Art of Criticism.....................................................................................................................................312
Influencing People...............................................................................................................................314
Communicating...................................................................................................................................315
Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................320
Utilization of Public Funds.......................................................................................................................323
Fund Vlitization in Social Sector...........................................................................................................325
Constraints on Fund Utilization...........................................................................................................326
Centrally Sponsible Schemes (CSS)......................................................................................................327
Transfer of Funds.................................................................................................................................329
Audit of Expenditure............................................................................................................................332
Certification of Finance and Appropriation Accounts..........................................................................334
Canons of Financial Propriety..............................................................................................................336
Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................336
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.com
Geography
ContentsTHE HYDROSPHERE......................................................................................................................................3
THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE......................................................................................................................3
Evaporation & Evapo-transpiration.........................................................................................................3
Precipitation........................................................................................................................................3
Surface Run-off....................................................................................................................................4
COMPOSITION OF HYDROSPHERE...........................................................................................................4
Fresh Water Resources............................................................................................................................4
Ground Water......................................................................................................................................5
Surface Waters....................................................................................................................................5
THE OCEANS................................................................................................................................................6
Features of the Ocean Basin....................................................................................................................6
Continental Margin..................................................................................................................................6
Deep Ocean Basin....................................................................................................................................7
Oceanic Depth Zones...............................................................................................................................8
Bottom Topography of Indian Ocean.......................................................................................................8
Properties of Ocean Water......................................................................................................................9
Movement of Water in the Ocean.........................................................................................................10
Waves....................................................................................................................................................10
Currents.................................................................................................................................................10
Cause of Ocean Currents...................................................................................................................10
Currents of the Atlantic Ocean..........................................................................................................11
Currents in the Pacific Ocean.............................................................................................................12
Currents of the Indian Ocean.............................................................................................................13
Sinking...................................................................................................................................................14
Upwelling...............................................................................................................................................14
Tides......................................................................................................................................................14
Types of Tides....................................................................................................................................15
Some important facts about tides:....................................................................................................15
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.com
GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA.................................................................................................................................4
PHYSIOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................................................4
GEOLOGY OF INDIA..................................................................................................................................4
MAJOR ROCKGROUPS IN INDIA...............................................................................................................6
PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS.....................................................................................................................7
Northern Mountain System.................................................................................................................7
Plains...................................................................................................................................................8
Plateau Region...................................................................................................................................10
THE COASTAL PUIINS.........................................................................................................................13
DRAINAGE.................................................................................................................................................15
Drainage Patterns..................................................................................................................................15
The Himalayan Rivers............................................................................................................................15
The Indus River System..........................................................................................................................16
The Ganga River System........................................................................................................................16
The Brahmaputra River System.............................................................................................................16
The Peninsular Rivers............................................................................................................................17
The Narmada Basin................................................................................................................................17
The Tapi Basin........................................................................................................................................17
The Godavari Basin................................................................................................................................17
The Mahanadi Basin..............................................................................................................................17
The Krishna Basin..................................................................................................................................17
The Kaveri Basin....................................................................................................................................18
CLIMATE....................................................................................................................................................19
Monsoon...............................................................................................................................................19
FACTORS AFFECTING INDIA'S CLIMATE.................................................................................................19
India’s Climatic Regions.........................................................................................................................20
Tropical Wet......................................................................................................................................20
Tropical Dry.......................................................................................................................................21
Subtropical Humid.............................................................................................................................22
Montane Climate...............................................................................................................................23
Tropical Rainy Climatic Group............................................................................................................23
Dry climate group..............................................................................................................................24
Humid Sub-tropical Climate Group....................................................................................................25
Mountain climate..............................................................................................................................25
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.comSEASONS................................................................................................................................................25
WINTER..............................................................................................................................................26
SUMMER............................................................................................................................................27
MONSOON.........................................................................................................................................28
Effect of Geographical Relief Features...................................................................................................29
"Bursting" of Monsoon Rains.................................................................................................................29
NORMAL MONSOON RAINS..................................................................................................................30
THEORIES FOR MONSOON VARIABILITY................................................................................................31
EI Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Effect............................................................................................31
MONSOON PREDICTION MODETS IN INDIA...........................................................................................32
EFFECTS OF MONSOON ON INDIA.........................................................................................................32
NATURAL DISASTERS IN INDIA...................................................................................................................35
CYCLONES IN INDIA...............................................................................................................................35
DROUGHTS............................................................................................................................................36
GLOBAL WARMING AND ITS IMPACT ON CLIMATE...............................................................................36
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION....................................................................................................................37
NATURAL VEGETATION OF INIDIA.............................................................................................................38
FORESTS OF INDIA.................................................................................................................................38
GRASSLANDS OF INDIA..........................................................................................................................43
WETLANDS.............................................................................................................................................44
SOILS......................................................................................................................................................44
Alluvial Soils.......................................................................................................................................45
Black Soils:.........................................................................................................................................46
Red and Yellow Soils:.........................................................................................................................46
Laterite Soils......................................................................................................................................47
Arid Soils............................................................................................................................................48
Saline Soils.........................................................................................................................................48
Peaty and Organic Soils.....................................................................................................................49
Forest Soils........................................................................................................................................49
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.com
Governance issues
ContentsCHAPTER -1 AGRICULTURE & ALLIED SECTOR........................................................................................8
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................8
MAJOR GOVERNMENT SCHEMES/PROGRAMMES.............................................................................8
4. Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India (BGREI):...............................................................12
5. Rainfed Area Development Programme (RADP):.....................................................................12
5. Integrated Scheme of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil Palm and Maize (ISOPOM):...........................13
6. National Horticulture Mission (NHM):..............................................................................13
7. National Agriculture Insurance Scheme(NAIS)/Rashtriya Krishi Bima Yojana (RKBY):......13
CHAPTER – 2 INDIAN AGRICULTURE: MAJOR CONCERNS & CAUSES OF PRESENT SITUATION.............15
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................15
Major Concerns................................................................................................................................15
Causes Underlying the Present State of Indian Agriculture..............................................................21
CHAPTER – 3 INDUSTRY.......................................................................................................................23
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................23
PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING SECTOR OVER THE YEARS....................................................23
EMPLOYMENT IN MANUFACTURING SECTOR..................................................................................24
ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN INDUSTRIAL GROWTH: NEED FOR PARADIGM SHIFT............................24
COMPONENTS OF MANUFACTURING STRATEGY IN XIITH FYP (2012-17)..........................................25
NATIONAL MANUFACTURING POLICY 2011.....................................................................................26
DELHI-MUMBAI INDUSTRIAL CORRIDOR PROJECT...........................................................................26
FDI POLICY INITIATIVES....................................................................................................................27
E-BIZ PROJECT..................................................................................................................................27
MICRO SMALL & MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSME) SECTOR..............................................................27
RURAL DEVELOPMENT.....................................................................................................................29
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)....................................29
NATIONAL RURAL LIVELIHOODS MISSION (NRLM-AJEEVIKA)...........................................................32
XII Five Year Plan has set following targets for NRDWP:..................................................................36
TOTAL SANITATION CAMPAIGN (TSC)..............................................................................................37
FACTORS WHICH ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE POOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAMME ARE:38
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.comXII FIVE YEAR PLAN HAS ENVISAGED FOLLOWING GOALS FOR TSC:................................................38
INDIRA AWAS YOJANA (lAY).............................................................................................................38
PROVISION OF URBAN AMENITIES IN RURAL AREAS (PURA)...........................................................39
CHAPTER – 4 URBAN DEVELOPMENT...................................................................................................40
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................40
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL URBAN RENEWAL MISSION (JNNURM).......................................40
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL URBAN RENEWAL MISSION (JNNURM) H....................................42
NATIONAL URBAN LIVELIHOOD MISSION (NULM)...........................................................................43
DEVELOPMENT AND VOLUNTARY SECTOR.......................................................................................44
CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT...........................................................................................................44
CHANGING PROFILE OF "DEVELOPMENT PROCESS"........................................................................44
CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRY..........................................................................................46
DEFINITION OF VOLUNTARY ORGANISATIONS (VOS).......................................................................47
CHARACTERISTICS OF VOLUNTARY ORGANISATIONS.......................................................................47
ROLE OF VOLUNTARY SECTOR IN DEVELOPMENT............................................................................48
SELF HELP GROUPS (SHGS)...............................................................................................................49
EVOLUTION OF SHG MOVEMENT IN INDIA......................................................................................50
SOME SUCCESS STORIES OF SELF HELP GROUP MOVEMENT...........................................................50
IMPACT OF SHG MOVEMENT: A NABARD STUDY.............................................................................52
LESSONS FROM SELF HELP GROUP MOVEMENT..............................................................................53
LIMITATIONS OF THE SELF HELP GROUP MOVEMENT.....................................................................53
CHAPTER – 5 WELFARE SCHEMES FOR VULNERABLE SECTIONS OF THE POPULATION........................55
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................55
SCHEDULED CASTES (SCS)................................................................................................................56
POST MATRIC SCHOLARSHIP............................................................................................................56
PRE-MATRIC SCHOLARSHIP TO CHILDREN OF THOSE ENGAGED IN UNCLEAN.................................56
TOP CLASS EDUCATION FOR SC STUDENTS......................................................................................57
NATIONAL OVERSEAS SCHOLARSHIP SCHEME (NOS).......................................................................57
RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL FELLOWSHIPS (RGNF).............................................................................57
UPGRADATION OF MERIT.................................................................................................................57
CENTRAL SECTOR SCHEME OF FREE COACHING...............................................................................57
BABU JAGJIVAN RAM CHHATRAVAS YOJANA (BJRCY)......................................................................57
SCHEMES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SCS..........................................................................58
SOCIALLY PROTECTIVE LEGISLATIONS..............................................................................................59
SCHEDULED TRIBES..........................................................................................................................59
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.comPOST MATRIC SCHOLARSHIP............................................................................................................61
HOSTELS FOR ST GIRLS/BOYS...........................................................................................................61
UPGRADATION OF MERIT OF ST STUDENTS.....................................................................................61
FREE COACHING FOR ST...................................................................................................................62
SCHOLARSHIPS SCHEME OF TOP CLASS EDUCATION.......................................................................62
ASHRAM SCHOOL.............................................................................................................................62
STRENGTHENING OF EDUCATION AMONG ST GIRLS.......................................................................63
RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL FELLOWSHIPS..........................................................................................63
NATIONAL OVERSEAS SCHOLARSHIP................................................................................................63
TRIBAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES.........................................................................................................63
NATIONAL SCHEDULED TRIBES FINANCE AND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION...............................63
MARKET DEVELOPMENT OF TRIBAL PRODUCTS..............................................................................64
VOCATIONAL TRAINING CENTER IN TRIBAL AREAS..........................................................................64
SOCIAL JUSTICE AND PROTECTION OF SCHEDULED TRIBES.............................................................64
PANCHAYAT EXTENSION TO SCHEDULED AREAS ACT (1996)...........................................................65
STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PESA...........................................................................................65
SCHEDULED TRIBES AND OTHER TRADITIONAL FOREST DWELLERS.................................................66
INDIVIDUAL TITLES...........................................................................................................................67
COMMUNITY RIGHTS.......................................................................................................................67
CHECKING DISPLACEMENT OF TRIBALS............................................................................................67
SCHEDULED CASTE SUB PLAN (SCSP) AND TRIBAL SUB PLAN (TSP)..................................................68
SCHEDULED CASTE SUB PLAN (SCSP)...............................................................................................68
TRIBAL SUB PLAN (TSP)....................................................................................................................69
NARENDRA JADHAV TASK FORCE ON TSP/SCSP...............................................................................69
OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES (OBCS)................................................................................................70
MINORITIES......................................................................................................................................71
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF MINORITIES.............................................................................71
PRIME MINISTER'S 15 POINT PROGRAMME.....................................................................................73
MULTI-SECTORAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (MSDP)................................................................74
INSTITUTIONS CONSTITUTED FOR THE WELFARE OF VULNERABLE SECTIONS.................................74
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR SCHEDULED CASTES.........................................................................74
THE NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR SCHEDULED TRIBES...................................................................77
THE NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION................................................................................77
THE NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR WOMEN....................................................................................79
THE NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR PROTECTION OF CHILD RIGHTS.................................................80
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.comTHE NATIONAL BACKWARD CLASSES COMMISSION........................................................................81
THE NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR MINORITIES...............................................................................81
ISSUES WITH DIFFERENT COMMISSIONS CONSTITUTED FOR PROTECTION OF................................82
CHAPTER – 6 ISSUES RELATING TO DEVELOPMENT & MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH.............................85
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................85
WEAKNESSES OF HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN INDIA...........................................................................85
PERFORMANCE OF KEY INDICATORS OF HEALTH.............................................................................86
EXPENDITURE ON HEALTH SECTOR IN INDIA:..................................................................................87
CONCEPT OF "UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE" FOR INDIA.............................................................88
Global experience of UHC suggests following facts:.........................................................................89
NATIONAL HEALTH MISSION (NHM)................................................................................................91
GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF NHM:........................................................................................................92
STRATEGIES OF NHM:......................................................................................................................93
INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF NHM:...................................................95
FLEXIBILITY & DECENTRALISED PLANNING: THE KEY ELEMENTS OF NHM.......................................97
NATIONAL RURAL HEALTH MISSION: PERFORMANCE SO FAR.........................................................98
RASHTRIYA SWASTHYA BIMA YOJANA (RSBY)..................................................................................99
CHAPTER – 7 ISSUES RELATING TO DEVELOPMENT & MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATION.....................101
INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................101
ELEMENTARY, SECONDARY EDUCATION AND LITERACY................................................................101
ACCESS...........................................................................................................................................103
EQUITY...........................................................................................................................................104
QUALITY.........................................................................................................................................104
GOVERNANCE................................................................................................................................104
THE RIGHT OF CHILDREN TO FREE AND COMPULSORY EDUCATION ACT (RTE),............................105
THE RTE ACT 2009 PROVIDES FOR FOLLOWING:............................................................................106
SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN..............................................................................................................108
MID DAY MEAL SCHEME................................................................................................................117
MAHILA SAMAKHYA.......................................................................................................................119
SECONDARY EDUCATION...............................................................................................................120
RASHTRIYA MADHYAMIK SHIKSHA ABHIYAN (RMSA)....................................................................122
HIGHER EDUCATION.......................................................................................................................124
CHAPTER – 8 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA...............................................................127
SKILL DEVELOPMENT......................................................................................................................127
NATIONAL POLICY ON SKILL DEVELOPMENT, 2009........................................................................129
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.comISSUES RELATING TO POVERTY AND HUNGER................................................................................130
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POVERTY & HUNGER.................................................................................131
RELATION BETWEEN POVERTY & HUNGER....................................................................................132
CAN VICIOUS CYCLE OF POVERTY BE BROKEN?..............................................................................132
THE DYNAMICS & EXTENT OF HUNGER..........................................................................................134
CAN VICIOUS CYCLE OF HUNGER & POVERTY BE BROKEN?...........................................................136
POVERTY AND HUNGER IN INDIA...................................................................................................137
STRATEGIES FOR ELIMINATING HUNGER: ECONOMIC GROWTH VIS A VIS....................................138
ECONOMIC GROWTH VIS A VIS PUBLIC SUPPORT LED STRATEGY: EXPERIENCE............................138
GROWTH MEDIATED STRATEGY: THE CASE OF SOUTH KOREA......................................................139
OPULENCE AND PUBLIC PROVISIONING: THE CASE OF KUWAIT....................................................141
SRI LANKA: SUPPORT LED STRATEGY DESPITE POVERTY................................................................142
CHINA: PRE-REFORM VIS-A-VIS POST REFORM PHASE...................................................................143
KERALA: CASE OF REMARKABLE PERFORMANCE WITHIN INDIA....................................................144
NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY ACT, 2013...........................................................................................145
CHAPTER – 9 GOVERNANCE: MEANING & IMPORTANT ASPECTS......................................................148
MEANING OF GOVERNANCE..........................................................................................................148
GOOD GOVERNANCE & CITIZEN CENTRIC ADMINISTRATION.........................................................148
CITIZENS' PARTICIPATION IN GOVERNANCE...................................................................................150
ACCOUNTABILITY IN GOVERNANCE...............................................................................................152
CHAPTER -10 CITIZENS' CHARTERS.....................................................................................................156
INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................156
CITIZENS' CHARTERS: EVOLUTION..................................................................................................156
THE CHARTER MARK SCHEME........................................................................................................157
THE BERNARD HERDAN REPORT TO REVIEW THE CHARTER MARK SCHEME.................................158
DELIVERY OF PROMISED OUTCOMES AND HANDLING PROBLEMS EFFECTIVELY;..........................158
GENERAL DEFICIENCIES OF VARIOUS CITIZENS' CHARTERS............................................................159
SUGGESTIONS FOR MAKING CITIZENS' CHARTERS EFFECTIVE.......................................................161
CHAPTER -11 RIGHT TO INFORMATION.............................................................................................164
INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................164
CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTING RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT IN INDIA.....................................166
CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................167
CHAPTER – 12 SOCIAL AUDIT.............................................................................................................168
INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................168
DEFINITION OF SOCIAL AUDIT........................................................................................................168
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.comPERFORMANCE OF SOCIAL AUDIT IN INDIA...................................................................................168
CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................170
CHAPTER —13 E-Governance.............................................................................................................172
INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................172
DEFINITION OF E-GOVERNANCE....................................................................................................172
VARIOUS STAGES IN E-GOVERNANCE............................................................................................173
TYPES OF INTERACTIONS FACILITATED BY E-GOVERNANCE...........................................................174
Advantages of e-Governance.........................................................................................................175
E-Government Readiness Index.....................................................................................................176
"GOVERNANCE" AND NOT "E" AS THE AIM OF E-GOVERNANCE....................................................177
REASONS OF FAILURE OF E-GOVERNANCE PROJECTS....................................................................177
E-GOVERNANCE: THE INDIAN CASE................................................................................................178
CHAPTER-14 ROLE OF BUREAUCRACY IN DEMOCRACY......................................................................180
INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................180
BUREAUCRACY: ROLE AND WORKING............................................................................................180
BUREAUCRACY AND DEMOCRACY.................................................................................................181
BUREAUCRACY AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT.............................................................................182
CONCLUSION:.................................................................................................................................183
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.com
Security issues
ContentsCHAPTER – 1 LINKAGE BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF EXTREMISM.................................5
INTRODUCTION:...............................................................................................................................5
LINKAGES BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT AND LEFT WING EXTREMISM.................................................5
CURRENT SITUATION (January 2015):............................................................................................13
EXTREMISM IN NORTH EAST:.........................................................................................................14
RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM AND ETHNIC CONFLICTS:..............................................................15
CHAPTER – 2 INDIA'S INTERNAL SECURITY CHALLENGES....................................................................18
INTRODUCTION:.............................................................................................................................18
INDIA's INTERNAL SECURITY PROBLEMS:.......................................................................................18
STRUCTURAL RESPONSE:................................................................................................................19
CHAPTER – 3 ROLE OF STATE AND NON-STATE ACTORS IN CREATING CHALLENGES TO INTERNAL SECURITY............................................................................................................................................21
STATE AND NON-STATE ACTORS....................................................................................................21
CHALLENGES TO INDIA'S INTERNAL SECURITY:...............................................................................22
SEA ROUTES....................................................................................................................................30
AIR ROUTES....................................................................................................................................30
CHAPTER – 4 CHALLENGES TO INTERNAL SECURITY THROUGH COMMUNICATION NETWORKS.......31
INTRODUCTION:.............................................................................................................................31
KEY REASONS OF CONCERN:...........................................................................................................32
USE OF COMMUNICATION NETWORKS:.........................................................................................32
CYBER ATTACKS..............................................................................................................................35
CHAPTER – 5.......................................................................................................................................36
ROLE OF MEDIA AND SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES IN INTERNAL SECURITY CHALLENGES..................36
INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................36
ROLE OF MEDIA:.............................................................................................................................37
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL MEDIA:............................................................................................39
CHAPTER -.6 BASICS OF CYBER SECURITY...........................................................................................42
INTRODUCTION:.............................................................................................................................42
CYBER CRIME:.................................................................................................................................43
CYBER ATTACK:...............................................................................................................................44
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.comCYBER WAR:....................................................................................................................................44
CYBER TERRORISM..........................................................................................................................45
INDIAN EXPERIENCE ON CYBER SECURITY:.....................................................................................46
STUXNET: CYBER WARFARE AGAINST IRANIAN NUCLEAR PLANTS.................................................50
CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................52
CHAPTER - 7 MONEY LAUNDERING AND ITS PREVENTION.................................................................55
INDIAN'S VULNERABILITY TO MONEY LAUNDERING — REASONS..................................................56
MONEY LAUNDERING PROCESS......................................................................................................56
PREVENTION OF MONEY LAUNDERING..........................................................................................57
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS AND CONVENTIONS:................................................................58
CHAPTER - 8........................................................................................................................................64
SECURITY CHALLENGES AND THEIR MANAGAMENT IN BORDER AREAS............................................64
SECURITY CHALLENGES IN BORDER AREAS.....................................................................................65
BORDER MANAGEMENT:................................................................................................................65
COASTAL SECURITY.........................................................................................................................69
CHAPTER - 9 LINKAGES OF ORGANIZED CRIME WITH TERRORISM.....................................................70
ORGANISED CRIME.........................................................................................................................70
EMERGING TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIMES........................................................................71
ORGANIZED CRIME AND TERRORISM.............................................................................................74
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TERRORISM AND ORGANISED CRIMES......................................................76
ORGANISED CRIME – TERROR CONTINUUM:.................................................................................76
INDIA — LINKAGE BETWEEN ORGANIZED CRIME AND TERRORISM:..............................................80
CHAPTER - 10......................................................................................................................................83
VARIOUS SECURITY FORCES AND AGENCIES AND THEIR MANDATE...................................................83
INDIAN PARAMILITARY FORCES:.....................................................................................................85
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AND INVESTIGATION AGENCIES:.............................................................90
CENTRAL FORENSIC INSTITUTIONS:................................................................................................94
OTHER INSTITUTIONS:....................................................................................................................94
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL ON................................................................................................................98
SECURITY ISSUES................................................................................................................................98
WHITE PAPER ON BLACK MONEY...................................................................................................98
Money Laundering - Some Measures To Prevent It......................................................................101
NAXALISM: THE BIGGEST THREAT TO INDIA.................................................................................106
ORGANIZED CRIME IN INDIA.........................................................................................................111
Central Bureau of Investigation....................................................................................................124
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.comRAW: India's External Intelligence Agency....................................................................................127
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.com
Social issues
ContentsCHAPTER -1 SALIENT FEATURES OF INDIAN SOCIETY & DIVERSITY OF INDIA...........................................2
SOCIO ECONOMIC FEATURE OF INDIAN VILLAGE:................................................................................9
CONCEPT OF VILLAGE REPUBLIC..........................................................................................................9
JOINT FAMILY IN INDIA.......................................................................................................................17
CHANGING PATTERN OF FAMILY IN INDIA.........................................................................................18
KINSHIP IN INDIA................................................................................................................................25
FORMS OF DIVERSITY IN INDIA...........................................................................................................30
BONDS OF UNITY IN INDIA.................................................................................................................34
CHAPTER – 2...........................................................................................................................................38
ROLE OF WOMEN AND WOMEN'S ORGANIZATION, POPULATION AND ASSOCIATED ISSUES, POVERTY AND DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES, URBANIZATION, THEIR PROBLEMS AND THEIR REMEDIES...................38
GENDER ROLE STEREOTYPING AND WOMEN'S ISSUES......................................................................38
PATRIARCHY, ENTITLEMENTS AND SEXUAL DIVISION OF LABOUR.....................................................39
CONTEMPORARY WOMEN'S ISSUES: HEALTH AND LEGAL ASPECTS..................................................43
MARRIAGE, DOWRY AND DIVORCE....................................................................................................47
CRIME AGAINST WOMEN...................................................................................................................51
PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LAW..................................................................52
WOMEN'S ORGANIZATIONS:..............................................................................................................54
POPULATION AND ASSOCIATED ISSUES.............................................................................................58
ISSUES REGARDING BIRTH, DEATH AND MIGRATION:........................................................................62
AGE STRUCTURE OF THE INDIAN POPULATION..................................................................................64
POPULATION POLICY AND FAMILY PLANNING...................................................................................67
PROBLEMS OF AGED IN INDIA:...........................................................................................................74
GOVERNMENT'S ROLE IN THE REHABILITATION OF AGED:................................................................79
SEX RATIO IN INDIA............................................................................................................................82
POVERTY AND DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUE.............................................................................................91
URBANIZATION, THEIR PROBLEMS AND REMEDIES...........................................................................97
CHAPTER - 3 EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION IN INDIAN SOCIETY............................................................113
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON INDIA:........................................................................113
PRIVATISATION IN INDIA..................................................................................................................116
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.comEFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION ON GOVERNMENT POLICY TOWARDS FOREIGN CAPITAL:...................119
POLITICAL IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION:..........................................................................................131
CHAPTER - 4 SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT, REGIONALISM & SECULARISM...............................................138
EDUCATION:.....................................................................................................................................141
REGIONALISM...................................................................................................................................143
SECULARISM.....................................................................................................................................149
CHAPTER-1 SAMPLE QUESTION-ANSWERS..........................................................................................152
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.com
World history
ContentsRenaissance.................................................................................................................................................5
Introduction of Renaissance....................................................................................................................5
Factors Aiding the Flowering of Renaissance...........................................................................................5
Prominent Thinkers...............................................................................................................................12
Impact of Renaissance on Other Countries...........................................................................................16
The American Revolution..........................................................................................................................18
Introduction of the American Revolution..............................................................................................18
Causes of American Revolution.............................................................................................................18
Important Events in American Revolution.............................................................................................19
Impacts of American Revolution............................................................................................................20
Significance of American Revolution.....................................................................................................21
French Revolution.....................................................................................................................................23
Causes of French Revolution.................................................................................................................23
The Explosive Summer of 1789..............................................................................................................26
The First Phase of Revolution................................................................................................................28
The French Revolution-Influence of Philosophy....................................................................................33
Influence of the American Revolution on the French Revolution..........................................................35
Significance of the French Revolution...................................................................................................38
Industrial Revolution.................................................................................................................................40
Introduction of Industrial Revolution....................................................................................................40
Causes of the Scientific and Technological Revolution..........................................................................40
Causes of English Industrial Revolution.................................................................................................42
Impacts of English Industrial Revolution on Society..............................................................................43
Unification of Italy and Germany...............................................................................................................46
Unification of Italy.................................................................................................................................46
Unification of Germany.........................................................................................................................60
Comparison Between Italian and German Unification..........................................................................69
Imperialism and Colonialism.....................................................................................................................72
Meaning and Nature of Imperialism and Colonialism............................................................................72
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.comColonisation and Decolonisation...........................................................................................................76
The British Empire : The Largest Empire in History................................................................................79
Decolonisation.......................................................................................................................................82
Russian Revolution....................................................................................................................................85
Background of the Russian Revolution..................................................................................................85
World War I...........................................................................................................................................86
Lenin and the Bolsheviks.......................................................................................................................91
End to the War......................................................................................................................................98
Russian Revolution................................................................................................................................99
World War I.............................................................................................................................................101
Causes of World War I.........................................................................................................................101
Crisis Preceding the World War I.........................................................................................................105
Role of Germany In World War I..........................................................................................................108
Political Implications of the World War I.............................................................................................109
The Fourteen Points of Wilson............................................................................................................119
World War II............................................................................................................................................121
Introduction of the World War II.........................................................................................................121
Causes of the World War II..................................................................................................................121
Hitler's/Germany's Responsibility for World War II.............................................................................127
Impact of the World War II..................................................................................................................129
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)...........................................................................................................133
Political Philosophies in Modern World...................................................................................................135
Capitalism............................................................................................................................................135
Communism........................................................................................................................................142
Socialism..............................................................................................................................................145
Nazism and Fascism.............................................................................................................................152
Liberation from Colonial Rule..................................................................................................................157
The End of European Empires.............................................................................................................157
Problems in Latin America and Africa..................................................................................................161
Post War Foundations: NATO and European Community.......................................................................165
NATO...................................................................................................................................................165
European Community..........................................................................................................................167
European Union...................................................................................................................................169
Fall of the Soviet Union and USA's Domination.......................................................................................173
Disintegration of the Soviet Union......................................................................................................173
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com
www.brainyias.comFactors Responsible for the Disintegration of the Soviet Union..........................................................174
Cold War..............................................................................................................................................179
End of Stalin Era...................................................................................................................................181
Disarmament Pacts Between USA and USSR.......................................................................................184
Socio-Economic Impact of the Cold War.............................................................................................185
Current History- from the Afghan Civil War to Arab Uprising..............................................................186
Brainy IAS www.brainyias.com