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Internet Applications II
รศ.ดร. อนันต์ ผลเพิม่
Asso. Prof. Anan Phonphoem, [email protected]
http://www.cpe.ku.ac.th/~anan
Computer Engineering Department
Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Application Layer Examples
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Domain Name System (DNS)
Telnet
SSH
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
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Telnet
Telecommunications Network Protocol
Standard communication for terminals to remote host
Character-based command interface
General purpose client-server
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Local Login
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Remote Login
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Network Virtual Terminal
Differences of character sets
Example 1: IBM – used EBCDIC (A =0xC1)
Others – used ASCII (A = 0x41)
Example 2: PC (eol = carriage return +line feed)
Unix server (eol = only line feed)
Need Translation !
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Network Virtual Terminal (NVT)
perform translation between its own character set and NVT format
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Telnet Operation
Server listens on TCP port 23
Normally, client transmits when enter is pressed
Sever sends back in blocks of lines
Control command embedded in character flow
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Control Command
IAC: Interrupt As Command (0xFF)
indicate that next char is control command
followed by one or more characters
DO: Request other party to perform (0xFD)
DON’T: Demand other party to stop (0xFE)
SB: Subnegotiation (0xFA)
SE: End subnegotiation (0xF0)
…
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Example: Telnet Exchange
FFFB18
18FDFF
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Example
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“telnet” example
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Application Layer Examples
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Domain Name System (DNS)
Telnet
SSH
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
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Secure Shell (SSH)
Another remote login application
More secure than TELNET
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SSH
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http://www.seminarsonly.com/computer%20science/secure-shell-seminar-report-ppt_clip_image002.jpg
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“ssh” example
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Application Layer Examples
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Domain Name System (DNS)
Telnet
SSH
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
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File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
FTP usages
download files from remote host to local host
upload files from local host to remote host
Differences in file names and types
Need two TCP connections
well-known port 21 for control connection
well-known port 20 for data connection
Text mode / graphic mode
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FTP
Please give examples of FTP’s client program !
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Using FTP program
open command (specify domain name of remote host)
Form a TCP control connection
Supply login name and password anonymous login name
with guest password (or email address)
after authorization establish a new data connection for each file
file transfer can start in either direction
control connection remains open
after finished, close command
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Creating Data Connection
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FTP Commands
dir: remote host sends directory listing to local host
get <file-name>: remote host sends <file-name> to local host
put <file-name>: local host sends <file-name> to remote host
cd <directory-name>: change directory of remote host to <directory-name>
…
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Example
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Example
Reply code
Test Server: test.talia.net
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Example
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Reply code
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FTP characteristics
FTP is complex protocol
FTP uses TCP (heavyweight)
for large file transfer
not suitable for simple/small transactions
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Application Layer Examples
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Domain Name System (DNS)
Telnet
SSH
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
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Trivial FTP (TFTP)
Lightweight protocol
Only support file transfer (no interaction)
No authorization
Use only subset of FTP command connect, get, put, ascii, and binary
Use UDP with port 69 less reliable but low overhead
Usage bootstrap (diskless HW) – e.g. Router
only need network connection and small ROM
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TFTP Connection
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TFTP Connection
UDP Source port 50,100 Dest port 69 write “file2”,”netascii”
UDP Source port 60,000 Dest port 50,100 Ack block =0
UDP Source port 50,100 Dest port 60,000 Data block = 1
UDP Source port 60,000 Dest port 50,100 Ack block =1
…
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Application Layer Examples
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Domain Name System (DNS)
Telnet
SSH
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
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Electronic Mail
Email uses several application protocols:
SMTP: to exchange email messages between Email Servers and to send email from your PC to an email server.
POP or IMAP: to retrieve email messages from your email server to your PC.
MIME: to structure the content of the email message
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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
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User Agent (UA) and Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)
create/read/store mail
find path/delivery mail
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hostEmail serverEmail serverSending host
Mail Transfer AgentMail Transfer Agent User AgentUser Agent
SMTP SMTP SMTP SMTPPOP3 or
IMAP
POP3 or
IMAP
Electronic Mail
Sending
host
server
server
receiver Receiving
host
IP Network
Transport Service Provider Transport Service Provider Transport Service Provider
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User Agent (UA) Format
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Relay MTA
Store-and-forward
• Store mail while not connect• Security: one point of connection to outside
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Mail Gateway
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Example
% telnet mailgw.acn.org. 25
Trying 199.22.169.4...
Connected to mailgw.acn.org.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 mailgw.acn.org ESMTP Sendmail 8.8.5; Sat, 15 Aug 1998 23:55:31
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Email System
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Alias Expansion
One-to-Many Many-to-One
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MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
Email wants to send anything: ASCII/Binary
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Non-ASCII ASCII
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MINE Header
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Email Delivery
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Mail Access Protocol
POP: TCP 110IMAP: TCP 113
POP3: Post Office ProtocolIMAP: Internet Message Access Protocol
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Application Layer Examples
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Domain Name System (DNS)
Telnet
SSH
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
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SNMP : Simple Network Management Protocol
แมเนเจอร์
เอเจนต์ เอเจนต์เอเจนต์เอเจนต์
แมเนเจอร์
เอเจนต์ เอเจนต์เอเจนต์เอเจนต์
SNMP Component
UDP 161/162
ข้อความเอสเอ็นเอ็มพี
ไอพีเฮดเดอร์ ยดีูพีเฮดเดอร์ เฮดเดอร์ พีดียู
Packet Format
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Other Applications
DHCP
NTP: Network Time Protocol (UDP 113)
finger (TCP 79)
whois (TCP 43)
LDAP: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
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DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
ดเีอชซพีเีซริ์ฟเวอร์
ดเีอชซพีไีคลเอน็ต์
รอ้งขอ
ตอบกลบั
ดเีอชซพีเีซริ์ฟเวอร์
ดเีอชซพีไีคลเอน็ต์
รอ้งขอ
ตอบกลบั
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Summary
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Domain Name System (DNS)
Telnet
SSH
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)