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1 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Investigation of the muon-induced background
of the EDELWEISS-II experiment
Astrid Chantelauze
KIT – Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Université Blaise Pascal
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2 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Overview
Evidences of dark matter
Strategies of detection Direct detection: EDELWEISS-II experiment
Investigation of the muon-induced background: Muon veto performances Muon veto – bolometer coincidence analysis
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3 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Since 6 centuries…
Eppur si muove
Barred Spiral Milky Way Illustration, Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt (SSC)
Hello!
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4 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Rotation of spiral galaxiesUsing movement to measure mass
Vera Rubin (70s) showed that observation of rotation of disks in their outer parts required a lot of invisible mass …
E. Corbelli & P. Salucci MNRAS, 311, 441 (1999)
M33, Orange Observatory
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5 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Gravitational lensing
Galaxy Cluster Abell 2218
N. A. Bahcall et al., Astrophysical Journal, 447, L81(1995)
Image 1
Image 2
ObjectCluster
as seen by the observer
Observer
ΩM= 1
ΩM= 0.3
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6 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
New order of the universe:
S. Perlmutter, Physics Today, 56, 53 (2003)
ΩΛ
Ωb
Ωnon-b
CDM
Ωtot = ΩΛ + ΩM + Ωk
ΩΛ
ΩM G. Hinshaw et al., Astrophysical Journal, 170, 288 (2007)
Ωk = 0.01 flat universe
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7 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
New order of the universe: Ωtot = ΩΛ + ΩM + Ωk
S. Perlmutter, Physics Today, 56, 53 (2003)
ΩΛ
ΩM
Ωtot = ΩΛ + ΩM + Ωk = 1.011 ± 0.012
ΩΛ = 73 % (dark energy)
ΩM = 24 % (matter Ωb + Ωnon-b)
Ωb = 4 % (baryonic matter)
ΩDM = 20 % (dark matter)
ΩΛ
Ωb
Ωnon-b
CDM
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8 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09 as new unknown particles !
4%
20%
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9 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Dark Matter particle
4 main facts about its nature:
non-baryonic
weakly interacting
essentially stable, or at least have a life time long compared to the present age of the universe
cold = read slow-moving. More precisely, a cold dark matter candidate must be non-relativistic throughout the formation of largescale structure
freeze-out of a weakly interacting massive (WIMP) when reaction rate drops below expansion rate
time t (t ~ T-2)
increasing <Av>
thermodynamic equilibrium
E. W. Kolb & M. S. Turner, The Early Universe, Frontiers in Physics, Vol. 69 (1990)
x = m/ T
Tfreeze-out~ 1/20 · M
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10 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Galactic WIMP haloDark Matter in a cloud around the milky way
Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (LSP)
mass 50 GeV to ~ 1000 GeV
relative speed 270 km/s (~ our orbital velocity around galactic center)
in the same cup 60.000 ν
≈ 72 Ge
10-42cm2
0.3 GeV/cm3 (1 per cup)
only a few keV of recoil energy
very very rare scattering events (< 1 / week / kg)
200 cm³
cross section
local WIMP-density
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11 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
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12 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
ff needs astrophysical overdensities:
1. galactic center excess of cosmic rays (´s & antimatter)
2. the Sun energetic “solar” neutrinos (e, , )
3. the Earth “upward-going” muons from (, )
Dark Matter search
Indirect DM search ( annihilation)
Production at AcceleratorsHeavy strongly-interacting SUSY states (squarks, gluinos) produced copiously in p-p collisions
missing transverse momentum
Direct dark matterelastic scattering on a nucleus1. annual modulation2. event-by-event discrimination 72Ge
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13 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
WIMP
Heat
Ionization
Light
Ge, CF3I, C4F10
liquid Xe/Ar
NaI, liquid.Xe
Ge, Si
CaWO4, BGO
Al2O3, LiF
…via elastic scattering off nuclei
1% energyfastestno surface effects
10% energy
100% energyslowestcryogenics
WIMP
Target
Edelweiss,CDMS
CRESST-2
Zeplin-3 , LUX,Xenon-10/100
DAMA, Libra, Zeplin-1,XMASS, KIMS, ANAIS
CRESST-1
CoGeNTCOUPPPicasso
WArP, ArDM
Direct DM search – detection schemes
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14 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
EDELWEISS @ Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane
AltitudesDistances
1228 m 1298 m1263 m 0 m 6210 m 12 868 m
FRANCE ITALIE
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15 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Germanium bolometers
Simultaneous measurement Heat @ 17 mK with Ge/NTD thermometer Ionization @ few V/cm with Al electrodes
Evt by evt identification of the recoil by ratio Q = Eionization / Erecoil
Q = 1 for electronic recoil Q 0.3 for nuclear recoil
Guard ring
Center electrodem = 320g
NTD sensor
Heat
Ionisation
300
200
100
0
100
0
0 100 200 300 400 500
0 2 4 6 8 10t (ms)
t (ms)
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16 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
n/ discrimination > 99.9% for Er >15 keV
73Ge(n,n’) 68.8 keV 13.3 keV
Ionization threshold 3.7 keV
Recoil threshold20 keV
calibration of a 320g Ge bolometer with 252CfStandard Q-plot
O. Martineau et al., NIM A, 530, 426 (2004)
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17 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
The Edelweiss experiment
One Germanium detector
Some layers of detectors
The cryostat when it’s closed
The shielding of the experiment
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18 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
42 modules covering 100 m2
98% coverage
energy, timing µ tracking capability
modular structure
read at both side
EDELWEIS-II muon veto system
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19 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
“veto closed”
July 2006 – July 2009: 835.9 live days = 76%; 85% of data “closed”
Muon veto – Life timeposition known via laser meas.position known thanks to user
“veto open”
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20 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Muon candidates:
• Internal coincidence within a module
• strictly more than one module hit
• coincidence of two modules of different levels (module #4 and lower level)
Muon candidates
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21 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Muon rateGeant-4 simulationM.Horn, PhD thesis
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22 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Through going muons
expected time difference (vertical tracks):t = 5.2m / 3×108 m/s ≈ 17 ns
obtained from the fit: t ≈ 19 ± 2 ns
→ Δl = 5.7 ± 0.6 → non vertical but still “downward going muons”
High multiplicity events
→ showers
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23 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Coincidence analysis
Heat
Ioni
zatio
n /
Hea
t
removed !
Heat
Muon track
Region of interest for WIMP signals
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24 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Run 8 Run 10
running time 24/11/2007-18/03/2008 25/07/2008-24/11/2008 (17/08/2008-24/11-2008 for s3)
bometer system
number of bolometer 16 bolos = 16 Ge 14 bolos = 12 Ge + 2 ID (400g and 320g)
origin of data from flat files from ntp
rate 0.0146 Hz ~ 0.100 Hz per DAQ comp.
life time 285.4 kg.d 294.7 kg.d
veto system
number of modules all 42 modules ON all 42 modules ON
position of the veto chariots closed (logbook) chariots closed (laser meas.)
life time 98.8 days 84.3 days
rate 0.173 Hz 0.161 Hz
time stamp in 10µs from SC from OPERA BOX
independent per DAQ comp. unique for all subsystems
Coincidence analysis with Run 8
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25 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Run 8 – Distribution of the time
Time restarts with each run…
… perfectly continuous during a run
Connect correct veto period to run of s2 + same uncorrelated structure for other comput. → reconstrution of continuous a time line for all sub-systems
as viewed in the muon veto
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26 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Run 8 – Bolometer event building
∆tbolo > 500 ms
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27 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Muon veto-bolometers coincidences
∆tbolo > 500 ms
Define an interval attveto - tbolo = +25 ± 10 ms
> 1 veto module hit
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28 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
> 1 veto module hitRun 8 – Systematics of the muon veto-bolometers coincidence interval
t = 25 ± 10 12.3 25.1 37.4
t = 25 ± 15 10.5 25.7 36.2
t = 20 ± 10 11.3 24.1 35.4
t = 20 ± 15 11.5 26.7 38.2
t = 23.45 ± 10
t = 23.5 ± 10
t = 23 ± 10
t = 24 ± 10
12.3 26.1 38.4
t = 23.5 ± 15
t = 23 ± 15
t = 24 ± 1510.2 26.2 36.4
coincidence interval for Run 8
tveto - tbolo in [+15, +35] ms
Time interval Low energy High energy Total excess
∆tbolo > 500 ms
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29 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
> 1 veto module hitRun 8 – Coincidences at ER < 250 keV
2.9 ± 0.23.7 ± 0.2expected
accidentals
8.7 ± 2.43.3 ± 1.4signal/
background
25.1 ± 5.512.3 ± 4.2excess
coincidences
2816measured
events
Erecoil ≥ 250 keVErecoil < 250 keV
Muon-induced event rate: 0.04 events/kg.d
Erecoil < 250 keV
4 events at low Er, low Q:
(Er = 19 keV, Q = 0.26)(Er = 23 keV, Q = 0.17) (Er = 26 keV, Q = 0.23)(Er = 36 keV, Q = 0.31)
∆tbolo > 500 ms
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30 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Measured: 0.04 events/kg.d
Expected from Geant4 simulation: ~ 0.03 events/kg.d
Run 8 – Comparison with the simulation
Geant-4 simulationM.Horn, PhD thesis
hits
/cry
stal
(1/
keV
/da
y)
Energy deposit in bolometers/hit (keV)30
Compact geometry 120 bolometers 1 keV < Edep < 250 keV Multi hits
Erecoil < 250 keV
16 bolometers non compact 15 keV < Edep < 250 keV Single bolometer events
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31 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
> 1 veto module hit
Muon-induced event rate: 0.1 events/kg.d
Erecoil ≥ 250 keV
Erecoil ≥ 250 keV
coincidences with ● multi(bolo) = 1■ multi(bolo) > 1
and if multi(bolo) > 1∆ individual bolometer
Run 8 – Coincidences at ER ≥ 250 keV
3 events at low Er, low Q:
(Er = 16 keV, Q = 0.22)(Er = 34.9 keV, Q = 0.47) (Er = 35 keV, Q = 0.33)
∆tbolo > 500 ms
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32 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
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33 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09 Run 10Run 8
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34 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Characteristics of Run 8 and Run 10
Run 8 Run 10
running time 24/11/2007-18/03/2008 25/07/2008-24/11/2008 (17/08/2008-24/11-2008 for s3)
bometer system
number of bolometer 16 bolos = 16 Ge 14 bolos = 12 Ge + 2 ID (400g and 320g)
origin of data from flat files from ntp
rate 0.0146 Hz ~ 0.100 Hz per DAQ comp.
life time 285.4 kg.d 294.7 kg.d
veto system
number of modules all 42 modules ON all 42 modules ON
position of the veto chariots closed (logbook) chariots closed (laser meas.)
life time 98.8 days 84.3 days
rate 0.173 Hz 0.161 Hz
time stamp in 10µs from SC from OPERA BOX
independent per DAQ comp. unique for all subsystems
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35 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
New time stamp from the OPERA box
almost perfect
10-3 jumpsRemoving time mismatches:
as viewed in the muon veto
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36 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Characteristics of Run 8 and Run 10
Run 8 Run 10
running time 24/11/2007-18/03/2008 25/07/2008-24/11/2008 (17/08/2008-24/11-2008 for s3)
bometer system
number of bolometer 16 bolos = 16 Ge 14 bolos = 12 Ge + 2 ID (400g and 320g)
origin of data from flat files from ntp
rate 0.0146 Hz ~ 0.100 Hz per DAQ comp.
life time 285.4 kg.d 294.7 kg.d
veto system
number of modules all 42 modules ON all 42 modules ON
position of the veto chariots closed (logbook) chariots closed (laser meas.)
life time 98.8 days 84.3 days
rate 0.173 Hz 0.161 Hz
time stamp in 10µs from SC from OPERA BOX
independent per DAQ comp. unique for all subsystems
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37 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Run 10 - Events in the ntp file: Biplot heat vs ionization
s1
Events which pass the adaptative thresholdEvents which pass the adaptative threshold
Events which have ΣEH > 30 keV and ΣEI > 30 keV
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38 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Characteristics of Run 8 and Run 10
Run 8 Run 10
running time 24/11/2007-18/03/2008 25/07/2008-24/11/2008 (17/08/2008-24/11-2008 for s3)
bometer system
number of bolometer 16 bolos = 16 Ge 14 bolos = 12 Ge + 2 ID (400g and 320g)
origin of data from flat files from ntp
rate 0.0146 Hz ~ 0.100 Hz per DAQ comp.
life time 285.4 kg.d 294.7 kg.d
veto system
number of modules all 42 modules ON all 42 modules ON
position of the veto chariots closed (logbook) chariots closed (laser meas.)
life time 98.8 days 84.3 days
rate 0.173 Hz 0.161 Hz
time stamp in 10µs from SC from OPERA BOX
independent per DAQ comp. unique for all subsystems
0.0107 Hz
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39 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Run 10 – Bolometer event building
∆tbolo > 500 ms
Events with ΣEH > 30 keV and ΣEI > 30 keV
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40 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Run 10 – Muon veto-bolometers coincidences
Events with ΣEH > 30 keV and ΣEI > 30 keV
∆tbolo > 500 ms
> 1 veto module hit
Define an interval attveto - tbolo = -5 ± 5 ms
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41 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Run 10 – Evaluation of the muon veto-bolometer coincidence interval
Time interval Low energy High energy Total excess
coincidence interval for Run 10
-5 ± 5 ms 4,4 28,6 32,9
-5 ± 10 ms 6,7 30,2 36,9
-5 ± 15 ms 7,1 28,8 35,9
-5 ± 20 ms 6,4 30,4 36,9
-0 ± 5 ms 3,3 22,6 25,9
-0 ± 10 ms 6,7 27,2 33,9
-0 ± 15 ms 7,1 31,8 38,9
-10 ± 5 ms 3,3 7,5 10,8
-10 ± 10 ms 4,7 30,2 34,9
tveto - tbolo in [-15, +5] ms
Events with ΣEH > 30 keV and ΣEI > 30 keV
∆tbolo > 500 ms
> 1 veto module hit
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42 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Run 10 – Coincidences at EH < 250 keVQ
ualit
y of
coi
nci
den
t e
ven
ts
0 events at low EH, low Q ! Muon-induced event rate: 0.023 events/kg.d
Erecoil < 250 keV
Signal / Background = 2.4
Events with ΣEH > 30 keV and ΣEI > 30 keV
∆tbolo > 500 ms
> 1 veto module hit
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43 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Muon-induced event rate: 0.1 events/kg.d
EHeat ≥ 250 keV
EHeat ≥ 250 keV
coincidences with ● multi(bolo) = 1■ multi(bolo) > 1
and if multi(bolo) > 1∆ individual bolometer
Run 10 – Coincidences at EH ≥ 250 keV
1 event at low EH, low Q:
(EH = 294,2 keV, Q = 0.41)
in coincidence with(EH = 151.1 keV, Q = 1.08)
Signal / Background = 9.1
Events with ΣEH > 30 keV and ΣEI > 30 keV
∆tbolo > 500 ms
> 1 veto module hit
![Page 44: Investigation of the muon-induced background of the EDELWEISS-II experiment](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070416/5681500b550346895dbde625/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Summary
Muon veto allows to access the muon event topology (tracking in time and energy) and the muon flux
First combined analysis of both muon veto and bolometers
Identification of muon-induced events: ER< 50 keV …………. dominated by neutrons 50 < ER < 250 keV …. electron like single hits ER > 250 keV ……….. multi-bolometer events with single low-Q hits
Muon-induced events at ER<250 keV, for the EDW-II experiment: 0.04 events/kg.d
New EDW bolometer (ID) – e/ background free EURECA: joint effort of CRESST and EDW – 1 ton scale Non vetoed µ-induced bg would be the limiting background
![Page 45: Investigation of the muon-induced background of the EDELWEISS-II experiment](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070416/5681500b550346895dbde625/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45 | Astrid Chantelauze | PhD defense | Université Blaise Pascal | 04/11/09
Investigation of the muon induced background
of the EDELWEISS-II experiment
Astrid Chantelauze
KIT – Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Université Blaise Pascal
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46 | Astrid Chantelauze | IK-Institutsseminar | KIT | 17/11/09
25 ms