Download - Knowledge organization
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IFLA Classification and indexing satellite pre-conferenceFlorence, August 20-21, 2009
Animals belonging to the emperor:enabling viewpoint warrant in classification
Claudio Gnoli
(University of Pavia. Library Service)
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Knowledge organization• Classification schemes• Thesauri• Subject heading lists• Taxonomies• Ontologie• ...
KOS
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KO dimensions
Ontological (real world)
Epistemological (our knowledge)
Sociological (milieu, purpose)
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BiasLet’s make it explicit !
ISKO 11, Rome, February 2010:
“Paradigms and conceptual systems in KO”
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Bias
• influence of classification on search and on everyday life [Bowker & Star 1999; Ridi in press]
• prejudices in LCSH [Olson 2002; Kublik et al. 2004]
• development in thesauri [Severino 2005]
• main classes in LC, Soviet, Chinese classifications...
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Bias
[Angelini 2005]
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Eastern vs. Western KO• calligraphy as a major art in Korean DC 700
[Kwasnik & Rubin 2004]
• philosophy in BC2: different facets [Biagetti 2009]
• philosophy ? religion
“Buddhist “Buddhist ethics” worship”
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“Chinese encyclopedia”a animals that belong to the Emperorb embalmed animalsc animals that are trained d suckling pigs e mermaids f fabulous animals g stray dogs h animals included in the present classification i animals that tremble as if they were mad j innumerable animals k animals drawn with a very fine camelhair brush l other animals m animals that have just broken a flower vase n animals that from a long way off look like flies
[Borges 1964]
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Folk taxonomies
?=
New Guinea native Western zoologist
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Folk taxonomies• 93% same bird species identification 7% strictly-related species [Diamond 1966]
• almost all same species of birds but no distinction between ants [Mayr in Wilson 1992]
• plant species in Chiapas: 82 underdifferentiated 68 exactly corresponding (including 40 introduced) 50 overdifferentiated
[Berlin et al. 1966]
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All dimensions are needed
• Ontological (real world)
• Epistemological (our knowledge)
• Sociological (milieu, purpose)
viewpoint warrant [Beghtol 1998; 2002]
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Representing viewpointsAs many KOSs as viewpoints(domain analysis)
but
the global information society needs interoperability...
...... ...
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A neutral reference KOS
R
AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
A A
[Wåhlin 1974; Parsons 1996; Beghtol 1998; Boteram 2009]
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Integrative Level Classification
Experimentation with a• general• interdisciplinary• freely-facetedKOS
www.iskoi.org/ilc
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ILC reference classesm organismsmq animalsmqm molluscsmqr arthropodsmqrd arachnidsmqrh crustaceansmqri insectsmqt echinodermsmqv chordatesmqvj amphibiansmqvl reptilesmqvo birdsmqvt mammals
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ILC deictic classesA as definedAA as definedAB as definedB as definedC as defined...
A - Z express local viewpointsa - z express standard viewpoint
ASCII sorting
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“Chinese” classes in ILC reference notation
tp55a2mo empires, with emperor, in China
u8(mq)6i economies, of animals, by private owner
mq98u(6i(955(a)tp(2mo)))
animals, being a good, by private owner, being emperor, of empire, in China
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“Chinese” classes in ILC deictic notation
mqA [mq98u(6i(955(a)tp(2mo)))] animals belonging to the emperor
mqB [...] embalmed animals
mqC [...] animals that are trained
...
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Special ILC deicticsmqU the typical animals
mqX some animals
mqXA the actual animals (i.e. there are animals)
mqXX what animals?
mqY the individual animal (e.g. Laika)
mqZ the mentioned animal (anaphoric or cataphoric)
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Anthropocentric favoured host classes
–U-hk stars... (many subclasses)hkxxxxx Sun
hkU Sun
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Test applications• bibliography on traditional culture in Northern Apennines
• bibliography on bioacoustics
• bibliography on facet analysis
• Web directory on chemistry
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Development• basic idea for viewpoint representation
• more complex, real cases to be considered
• parallel development of standard schedule and local schedules
• can any local concept be translated into facet combinations?
No KOS is perfect......but useful KOSs are feasible