Download - L 1 Goldstein Comp One Nets of Immune System
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Overview of the Course
Lecture 1 The Components of the Immune System
Lecture 2 Innate ImmunityLecture 3 Antigen Recognition by T lymphocytes
Lecture 4 Antigen Presentation by T lymphocytes
Lecture 5 Antigen Recognition by B cell Receptors
Lecture 6 The Humoral Immune Response
Lecture 7 Signaling Through Lymphocyte Receptors
Lecture 8 The Development and Survival of Lymphocytes
Lecture 9 T-cell Mediated Immunity
Lecture 10 Adaptive Immunity to Infection
Lecture 11 Mucosal Immunity
Lecture 12 HIV Infection
Lecture 13 Failures in Host Defense MechanismsLecture 14 Evasion of the Immune System by Pathogens
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Lecture 1: The Components of the Immune System
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Summary of the
Entire Immunology Unit
Kill the pathogen and
dont harm the host
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Questions to Consider
Why do you only get some infections like chicken poxakavaricella zoster only once?
How do you generate an system able to recognize abroad array of pathogens with a high level ofsensitivity and specificity using a finite amount ofcoding DNA?
Why do subsequent immune responses to apathogen occur more rapidly and at higher titers thanprevious immune responses?
How does the immune system provide a high degree
of sensitivity and specificity to the broad array ofpathogens without attacking self?
Why are T cells and B cells effective against differentpathogens and how do T cells and B cells seeantigens differently?
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David
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Smallpox Infection
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Immunity
From the Latin word immunitas meaning
exemption from civic duties.
Historically immunity was the observedprotection from infection by individuals
previously exposed or infected.
Chinese made children inhale powder fromcrusted smallpox lesions.
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Eradication of Smallpox by Vaccination
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Functional Immunity
Innate AcquiredBarrier Skin Mucosal immunity
Soluble Protein Complement Antibodies
Cells Phagocytes T and B cells
Mediators IL-1, TNF -interferon
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Function of Immune System
Identification- foreign vs. self
Designation- accentuate foreign origin
Recruitment- mobilize effectors
Elimination- clear pathogen
Prevent Recurrence- prepare for future
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Sensitivity and Specificityof Detection Determines
the Effectiveness ofImmune Surveillance
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Design of the Immune System
Specificity- fine distinctions
Diversity- broad repertoire
Memory- accelerate next response
Demobilization- after clearance
Distinguish self from non-self- prevent
attack of normal tissues
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Mobilization of the Immune System
Cognitive phase- binding of antigen to
specific cell that recognizes it
Activation phase- proliferation anddifferentiation of antigen-specific cell
Effector phase- assemble response toeliminate infection
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Targets of the Immune System
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CD Nomenclature
CD = Cluster of Differentiation
Cells express unique membrane proteinsidentified by monoclonal antibodies.
Cells are identified by the pattern of cell-
specific CD markers expressed.
CD proteins are identified by sequential
numbers.
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Hematopoietic Lineage
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Histological Appearance
of Lymphocytes
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Activation of Lymphocytes
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How Does the Immune System
Provide a High Degree of Sensitivityand Specificity to the Broad Array of
Pathogens Without Attacking Self?
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Clonal Selection Hypothesis
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Expression of Antigen-specific Membrane Proteins
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Clonal Selection
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The Antibody Recognizes an
Epitope Within the Antigen
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Development of a Secondary Amplified Response
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Clonal Expansion
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Structure of Antigen Recognition Molecule
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Identity of Lymphocytes in the Peripheral Blood
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Primary and Secondary Lymphoid Tissues
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Lymph Node Organization
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Spleen Organization
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Anatomical Localization of
B cells and T Cells
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B Cells and T cells Recognize
Different Antigenic Contexts
B Cells use the Immunoglobulin Moleculeto recognize 3Dstructures of the native molecules.
T Cells use the T cell receptorto recognize primary structures.
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Structure of Immunoglobulin Molecule
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Function of Immunoglobulin Molecules
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T cells Recognize Peptides
Presented by Cells
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Function of Cytotoxic and Helper T Cells
Cytotoxic
T
cell
HelperT
ce
ll
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