l 1 goldstein comp one nets of immune system

8/2/2019 L 1 Goldstein Comp One Nets of Immune System

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Overview of the Course

Lecture 1 The Components of the Immune System

Lecture 2 Innate ImmunityLecture 3 Antigen Recognition by T lymphocytes

Lecture 4 Antigen Presentation by T lymphocytes

Lecture 5 Antigen Recognition by B cell Receptors

Lecture 6 The Humoral Immune Response

Lecture 7 Signaling Through Lymphocyte Receptors

Lecture 8 The Development and Survival of Lymphocytes

Lecture 9 T-cell Mediated Immunity

Lecture 10 Adaptive Immunity to Infection

Lecture 11 Mucosal Immunity

Lecture 12 HIV Infection

Lecture 13 Failures in Host Defense MechanismsLecture 14 Evasion of the Immune System by Pathogens


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Lecture 1: The Components of the Immune System


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Summary of the

Entire Immunology Unit

Kill the pathogen and

dont harm the host


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Questions to Consider

Why do you only get some infections like chicken poxakavaricella zoster only once?

How do you generate an system able to recognize abroad array of pathogens with a high level ofsensitivity and specificity using a finite amount ofcoding DNA?

Why do subsequent immune responses to apathogen occur more rapidly and at higher titers thanprevious immune responses?

How does the immune system provide a high degree

of sensitivity and specificity to the broad array ofpathogens without attacking self?

Why are T cells and B cells effective against differentpathogens and how do T cells and B cells seeantigens differently?


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David


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Smallpox Infection


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Immunity

From the Latin word immunitas meaning

exemption from civic duties.

Historically immunity was the observedprotection from infection by individuals

previously exposed or infected.

Chinese made children inhale powder fromcrusted smallpox lesions.


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Eradication of Smallpox by Vaccination


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Functional Immunity

Innate AcquiredBarrier Skin Mucosal immunity

Soluble Protein Complement Antibodies

Cells Phagocytes T and B cells

Mediators IL-1, TNF -interferon


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Function of Immune System

Identification- foreign vs. self

Designation- accentuate foreign origin

Recruitment- mobilize effectors

Elimination- clear pathogen

Prevent Recurrence- prepare for future


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Sensitivity and Specificityof Detection Determines

the Effectiveness ofImmune Surveillance


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Design of the Immune System

Specificity- fine distinctions

Diversity- broad repertoire

Memory- accelerate next response

Demobilization- after clearance

Distinguish self from non-self- prevent

attack of normal tissues


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Mobilization of the Immune System

Cognitive phase- binding of antigen to

specific cell that recognizes it

Activation phase- proliferation anddifferentiation of antigen-specific cell

Effector phase- assemble response toeliminate infection


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Targets of the Immune System


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CD Nomenclature

CD = Cluster of Differentiation

Cells express unique membrane proteinsidentified by monoclonal antibodies.

Cells are identified by the pattern of cell-

specific CD markers expressed.

CD proteins are identified by sequential

numbers.


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Hematopoietic Lineage


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Histological Appearance

of Lymphocytes


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Activation of Lymphocytes


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How Does the Immune System

Provide a High Degree of Sensitivityand Specificity to the Broad Array of

Pathogens Without Attacking Self?


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Clonal Selection Hypothesis


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Expression of Antigen-specific Membrane Proteins


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Clonal Selection


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The Antibody Recognizes an

Epitope Within the Antigen


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Development of a Secondary Amplified Response


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Clonal Expansion


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Structure of Antigen Recognition Molecule


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Identity of Lymphocytes in the Peripheral Blood


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Primary and Secondary Lymphoid Tissues


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Lymph Node Organization


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Spleen Organization


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Anatomical Localization of

B cells and T Cells


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B Cells and T cells Recognize

Different Antigenic Contexts

B Cells use the Immunoglobulin Moleculeto recognize 3Dstructures of the native molecules.

T Cells use the T cell receptorto recognize primary structures.


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Structure of Immunoglobulin Molecule


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Function of Immunoglobulin Molecules


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T cells Recognize Peptides

Presented by Cells


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Function of Cytotoxic and Helper T Cells

Cytotoxic

T

cell

HelperT

ce

ll


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l 1 goldstein comp one nets of immune system

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