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Effective Communication
The process of exchanging informationusing verbal and non-verbal messages in away so that the intended message isreceived
Productive communication enhances the emotional closeness and strengthens the relationship
Non-productive communication increases the emotional distance
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Content and Process of Communication
The content of the communication is what the message is.ExpectationsNeedsWants
The process is how it is conveyed
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Process
Verbal words
Nonverbal the way in which people communicate, intentionally or unintentionally,
without words facial expressions tone of voice non-verbal vocalizations gestures body position and movement touch gaze and eye contact personal space
Actions Positive Negative
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Encode Encode express or emit nonverbal behaviorexpress or emit nonverbal behavior
DecodeDecodeinterpret the meaning of the nonverbal interpret the meaning of the nonverbal
behavior of othersbehavior of others
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To Improve Communication
Motivation and concernMotivation and concernSelf-disclosureSelf-disclosureClarityClarityListen/ask for and provide feedbackListen/ask for and provide feedbackAvoid distractionsAvoid distractions
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PowerPower
ability to meet one’s needsability to influence a partner to get what one wants
power differentials in intimate relationships=problems
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Power
Everything, including relationships and communication can be boiled down to power.
principle of least interest simply states that the partner who is least interested has the most power.
Why might this be so?
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Who typically has the power?
those who have the least interest in the relationship
those who gain the least from the relationship
those who have invested the leastthose who have the most resourceswomen with more education
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Arguments
non-directional arguments, because the underlying issue is not being dealt with in the argument itself
Directional arguments have a goal or a purpose and usually approach the issue that led to the argument in the first place.
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Marital Entropy
Marital Entropy is the principle that if a marriage does not receive preventive maintenance and upgrades it will move towards decay and break down.
What then can be done to prevent it?
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Non-Verbal Communication
What role does non-verbal communicationNon-verbal communication includes touch, gestures, facial expression, eye contact, distance, and overall body positioning
What does out non-verbal communication say about us?
Gender and communication?
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Types of Nonverbal Communication
Paralanguage All the vocal aspects of speech other than words.
Body languageThe silent movement of body parts.
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Types of Nonverbal Communication
Interpersonal spacing cuesPositioning ourselves at varying distances and angles from others.
Personal effectsWhat a person wears that communicates information about that person.
In addition to the approximate 250,000 different facial expressions that humans can make, nonverbal communication uses many other bodily and gestural cues.
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President Bush’s 2005 Inauguration
President Bush did not know that:
In Mediterranean cultures, this gesture implies that a man has an unfaithful wife.
In parts of Africa it is used to impose a curse on another person.
Can you think of a time when you unintentionally communicated something?