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Photo Credit Goes Here
Photo credit: Name/Organization
Dr. Robin Shrestha, November 2017
Livestock Ownership, Animal Source Foods and Human Nutrition in Nepal:
Findings from the 2014 nationally representative PoSHAN Community Survey
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PRESENTATION OBJECTIVES
A. Nutrition Innovation Lab – Who? What? Where?
B. If you own a livestock (including buffalo), does your family eat more animal source foods (ASF)?
C. Does livestock ownership and ASF intake result in better child and women nutrition?
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CORE RESEARCH QUESTIONS
What measurable impacts do investments in agriculture haveon nutrition (positive and/or negative)?
Does the quality of nutrition governance (political andinstitutional commitment and capacity) affect the effectiveness andimpact of nutrition policies and programs?
What biological mechanisms must be better understoodwhen designing interventions to accelerate improved nutrition?
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DOLPA
MUGU
JUMLA
KAILALI
BARDIYA
HUMLA
DOTI
SURKHET
DANG
RASUW ABANKE
GULMI
ACHHAM KALIKOT
JHAPA
SIRAHA
SAPTARI
DARCHULA
BAJHANG
BAITADIBAJURA
MAH
OTT
ARI
CHITW AN
KASKI
TANAHU
PALPA
BKT
ILAM
OKHALDHUNGA
KHOTANG BHOJPUR
DHANKUTA
TAPLEJUNGLALIT KAVRE
NUW AKOT
LAMJUNG
GORKHAROLPA
SALYANMYAGDI
DAILEKHJAJARKOT
RUKUM
MUSTANG
MANANG
Each District: 1 Village Development Community (each with 3 of 9 sampled wards) N = ~5000 households with preschool children
Policy and Science for Health Agriculture and Nutrition (PoSHAN): sampled districts
Terai (n=7)
Mountains (n=7)
Hills (n=7)
Johns Hopkins University,New Era, NTAG, NARC, IOM, Tufts, Purdue
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DISTRIBUTION OF LIVESTOCK OWNED, BY AGRO-ECOLOGY
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Cattle Goat Poultry Pig
%
Livestock ownedMountains Hills Terai
PoSHAN Study, 2014
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ANIMAL SOURCE FOODS (ASF) CONSUMPTION; BY TYPE OF ASF AND AGRO-ECOLOGY
Buff5%
Buff/Goat/Pork17%
Chicken15%
Eggs (any)15%
Milk and dairy
products
48%
TYPES OF ASF
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
ASF consumption by agro-ecology
Mountain Hills Terai
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ANIMAL SOURCE FOODS CONSUMPTION BY WEALTH QUINTILE
05101520253035404550
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest
PercentASFconsum
ed
WealthQuintile
Buff
Goat/Buff/Pork
Chicken/Duck
Eggs(any)
Milk/Curd/Whey
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LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP AND ASF CONSUMPTION
Animal Source Food consumption
Livestock group
Livestock Ownership Status (Yes/no), by acro--ecological zone
Mountain Hills TeraiYes (%) no (%) Yes (%) no (%) Yes (%) no (%)
Animal meat Cattle 14*** 28*** 10*** 16*** 4* 6*
Milk & dairy products Cattle 42*** 17*** 40** 33** 48*** 35***
Poultry Poultry 5 4 16 16 12*** 6***
Eggs (any) Poultry 17 19 11* 15* 11*** 3***
Fish Fish ponds N/A 2 17* 3* 18** 7*** Values statistically significant at p
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LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN WOMEN
Nutrition outcome
Livestock group
Livestock ownership Status (Yes/no) Mountain Hills Terai
Yes (%) no (%) Yes (%) no (%) Yes (%) no (%)
BMI
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LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP AND CHILD NUTRITIONAL STATUS
Child Nutrition outcome
Livestock group
Ownership Status (Yes/no) Acro-ecological zone
Mountain Hills Terai
Yes (%) no (%) Yes (%) no (%) Yes (%) no (%)
Child stunting Cattle 44** 34** 46*** 23*** 35 38
Poultry 36 39 41** 32** 33** 38**Wasting Cattle 9 6 12*** 5*** 23 20
Poultry 8 7 7* 10* 22 22Underweight Cattle 29* 24* 35*** 17*** 40 42
Poultry 23 27 25* 30* 35** 42***p
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ASF CONSUMPTION & CHILDREN AND WOMEN NUTRITIONAL STATUSAnimal Source food consumed in the last 7 days (Yes/no)
Nutrition outcomesType of Animal Source foods
Mountain Hills TeraiYes (%) no (%) Yes (%) no (%) Yes (%) no (%)
Stunting Buff 43 38 36 36 35 37Animal meat 41 36 37 35 36 37
Chicken 39 38 33* 38* 38 36Eggs (any) 37 39 26*** 41*** 36 37
Milk/Curd/Whey 42* 35* 35 37 37 36Wasting Buff 5 8 3** 10** 12 22
Animal meat 5 9 7 10 17** 23**Chicken 3* 8* 5*** 11*** 19** 23
Eggs (any) 5* 9* 6* 10* 19* 22*Milk/Curd/Whey 7 7 10 7 20** 24**
Underweight Buff 30 26 17** 29** 30 41Animal meat 26 26 25 29 36** 42**
Chicken 24 26 22*** 31*** 40 41Eggs (any) 22* 29* 18*** 32*** 36* 42*
Milk/Curd/Whey 28 24 28 27 40 42BMI
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Livestock ownership differs considerably by agro-ecological zone Ownership of Large ruminants (cattle) bears positive effect on dairy
consumption, but insignificant effects in terms of meat consumption (Azzari, 2015).
Ownership of poultry affects chicken consumption positively (Azzari, 2015). Similar to our findings, study in Uganda found significant differences in
consumption patterns of ASF between livestock owners and non-owners. Although non consistent, positive association between ASF consumption and
improved nutritional status of women or children was found. Buff ownership in hills seems to bring child nutrition benefits (less wasting and higher weight gain).
Other factors beyond livestock species need to be accounted. Previous studies in Sub-Saharan Africa suggest the same (Hetherington et al. 2017).
CONCLUSION
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Nutrition Innovation Lab is a Partnership