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Dr. Robin Shrestha, November 2017

Livestock Ownership, Animal Source Foods and Human Nutrition in Nepal:

Findings from the 2014 nationally representative PoSHAN Community Survey

PRESENTATION OBJECTIVES

A. Nutrition Innovation Lab – Who? What? Where?

B. If you own a livestock (including buffalo), does your family eat more animal source foods (ASF)?

C. Does livestock ownership and ASF intake result in better child and women nutrition?

CORE RESEARCH QUESTIONS

What measurable impacts do investments in agriculture haveon nutrition (positive and/or negative)?

Does the quality of nutrition governance (political andinstitutional commitment and capacity) affect the effectiveness andimpact of nutrition policies and programs?

What biological mechanisms must be better understoodwhen designing interventions to accelerate improved nutrition?

DOLPA

MUGU

JUMLA

KAILALI

BARDIYA

HUMLA

DOTI

SURKHET

DANG

RASUW ABANKE

GULMI

ACHHAM KALIKOT

JHAPA

SIRAHA

SAPTARI

DARCHULA

BAJHANG

BAITADIBAJURA

MAH

OTT

ARI

CHITW AN

KASKI

TANAHU

PALPA

BKT

ILAM

OKHALDHUNGA

KHOTANG BHOJPUR

DHANKUTA

TAPLEJUNGLALIT KAVRE

NUW AKOT

LAMJUNG

GORKHAROLPA

SALYANMYAGDI

DAILEKHJAJARKOT

RUKUM

MUSTANG

MANANG

Each District: 1 Village Development Community (each with 3 of 9 sampled wards) N = ~5000 households with preschool children

Policy and Science for Health Agriculture and Nutrition (PoSHAN): sampled districts

Terai (n=7)

Mountains (n=7)

Hills (n=7)

Johns Hopkins University,New Era, NTAG, NARC, IOM, Tufts, Purdue

DISTRIBUTION OF LIVESTOCK OWNED, BY AGRO-ECOLOGY

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Cattle Goat Poultry Pig

%

Livestock ownedMountains Hills Terai

PoSHAN Study, 2014

ANIMAL SOURCE FOODS (ASF) CONSUMPTION; BY TYPE OF ASF AND AGRO-ECOLOGY

Buff5%

Buff/Goat/Pork17%

Chicken15%

Eggs (any)15%

Milk and dairy  

products

48%

TYPES OF ASF

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

ASF consumption by agro-ecology

Mountain Hills Terai

ANIMAL SOURCE FOODS CONSUMPTION BY WEALTH QUINTILE

05101520253035404550

Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest

PercentASFconsum

ed

WealthQuintile

Buff

Goat/Buff/Pork

Chicken/Duck

Eggs(any)

Milk/Curd/Whey

LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP AND ASF CONSUMPTION

Animal Source Food consumption

Livestock group

Livestock Ownership Status (Yes/no), by acro--ecological zone

Mountain Hills TeraiYes (%) no (%) Yes (%) no (%) Yes (%) no (%)

Animal meat Cattle 14*** 28*** 10*** 16*** 4* 6*

Milk & dairy products Cattle 42*** 17*** 40** 33** 48*** 35***

Poultry Poultry 5 4 16 16 12*** 6***

Eggs (any) Poultry 17 19 11* 15* 11*** 3***

Fish Fish ponds N/A 2 17* 3* 18** 7*** Values statistically significant at p

LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN WOMEN

Nutrition outcome

Livestock group

Livestock ownership Status (Yes/no) Mountain Hills Terai

Yes (%) no (%) Yes (%) no (%) Yes (%) no (%)

BMI

LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP AND CHILD NUTRITIONAL STATUS

Child Nutrition outcome

Livestock group

Ownership Status (Yes/no) Acro-ecological zone

Mountain Hills Terai

Yes (%) no (%) Yes (%) no (%) Yes (%) no (%)

Child stunting Cattle 44** 34** 46*** 23*** 35 38

Poultry 36 39 41** 32** 33** 38**Wasting Cattle 9 6 12*** 5*** 23 20

Poultry 8 7 7* 10* 22 22Underweight Cattle 29* 24* 35*** 17*** 40 42

Poultry 23 27 25* 30* 35** 42***p

ASF CONSUMPTION & CHILDREN AND WOMEN NUTRITIONAL STATUSAnimal Source food consumed in the last 7 days (Yes/no)

Nutrition outcomesType of Animal Source foods

Mountain Hills TeraiYes (%) no (%) Yes (%) no (%) Yes (%) no (%)

Stunting Buff 43 38 36 36 35 37Animal meat 41 36 37 35 36 37

Chicken 39 38 33* 38* 38 36Eggs (any) 37 39 26*** 41*** 36 37

Milk/Curd/Whey 42* 35* 35 37 37 36Wasting Buff 5 8 3** 10** 12 22

Animal meat 5 9 7 10 17** 23**Chicken 3* 8* 5*** 11*** 19** 23

Eggs (any) 5* 9* 6* 10* 19* 22*Milk/Curd/Whey 7 7 10 7 20** 24**

Underweight Buff 30 26 17** 29** 30 41Animal meat 26 26 25 29 36** 42**

Chicken 24 26 22*** 31*** 40 41Eggs (any) 22* 29* 18*** 32*** 36* 42*

Milk/Curd/Whey 28 24 28 27 40 42BMI

Livestock ownership differs considerably by agro-ecological zone Ownership of Large ruminants (cattle) bears positive effect on dairy

consumption, but insignificant effects in terms of meat consumption (Azzari, 2015).

Ownership of poultry affects chicken consumption positively (Azzari, 2015). Similar to our findings, study in Uganda found significant differences in

consumption patterns of ASF between livestock owners and non-owners. Although non consistent, positive association between ASF consumption and

improved nutritional status of women or children was found. Buff ownership in hills seems to bring child nutrition benefits (less wasting and higher weight gain).

Other factors beyond livestock species need to be accounted. Previous studies in Sub-Saharan Africa suggest the same (Hetherington et al. 2017).

CONCLUSION

Nutrition Innovation Lab is a Partnership