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How to identify an unknown fiber
Fiber identification by solubility
Acetone 10 min @ RT
If soluble
Cyclohexane 2 min @ boil
S I
Chlorinated PVC Acetic acid 2 min
@ boil
S I
Acetate Modacrylic
S- soluble
I- InsolubleM- Medium
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Acetone 10 min @ RT
If insoluble
5% NaOH 2 min @ boiling temperature
S M I
Acidify HCl Saran
Lead Acetate
formic acid 2 min @ RT
S I
Silk Wool
S I
Methylene Chloride 2 min @ RT DMF 2 min @ RT
S I S
CH3Cl @ RTTriacetate Acetic acid 2 min @ boiling
S I S I
Nylon Vinal
Nytrile Vinyon
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Simple identification for fibers
Cotton
1) 60% H2SO4 -insoluble2) 75% H2SO4 -soluble
Nylon
1) 20% HCl - soluble2) 60% H2SO4 -soluble3) 75% H2SO4 -soluble
Polyester1) Conc. H2SO4 -soluble2) 60% H2SO4 -insoluble3) 75% H2SO4 -soluble4) Phenolic H2SO4 @ 500Csoluble5) M. cresol @ 900Csoluble
Acrylic
1)60% H2SO4 -soluble2)75% H2SO4 -soluble
6) DMF @600C -solubleViscose
1) 60% H2SO4 -soluble2) 75% H2SO4 -soluble
Wool
1)60% H2SO4 -insoluble
2) 75% H2SO4 -insoluble
3) NaOCl - soluble
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Acetate
1) 60% H2SO4 -soluble2) 75% H2SO4 -soluble3) Acetone -soluble
Flex
1) 60% H2SO4 -insoluble2) 75% H2SO4 -soluble
Silk
1) 60% H2SO4 -soluble2) 75% H2SO4 -soluble
Polypropelene
1) 60% H2SO4 -insoluble2) 75% H2SO4 -insoluble3) DMF -insoluble4) Phenol -insoluble
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AATCC Test Method 15-2009Colorfastness to Perspiration
Purpose and Scope
This test method is used to determine the fastness of colored textiles to the effects
of acid perspiration. It is applicable to dyed, printed or otherwise colored textile
fibers, yarns and fabrics of all kinds and to the testing of dyestuffs as applied to
textiles.
Principle
A specimen of colored textile in contact with other fiber materials (for color
transfer) is wet out in simulated acid perspiration solution, subjected to a fixed
mechanical pressure and allowed to dry slowly at a slightly elevated temperature.After conditioning, the specimen is evaluated for color change and the other fiber
materials are evaluated for color transfer.
Apparatus and material
Perspiration tester Specimens measuring 40 mm x 100 mm, one dyed and two bleached.Oven, maintained at 370C 2
0.5 g of l-histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate ;5 g of sodium chloride (NaCl)5 g of disodium hydrogen orthophosphate dodecahydrate
(Na2HPO4.12H2O
P e r s p i r o m e t e r
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P r o c e d u r e :
The composite specimen laid out smooth in a flat-bottomed dish and cover with the solution .One
composite specimen is thoroughly wet in the alkaline solution at pH 8 at a liquor ratio of 50: 1,and allowed it to remain in the solution at room temperature for 30 min .It is pressed and moved
from time to time to ensure good and uniform penetration of the liquor. The solution is pour off
and wipes the excess liquor off the specimen between two glass rods. The composite specimen is
placed between two glass or acrylic resin plates, under a pressure of 12.5 kPa. Separate
apparatus is used for the acid test. Tester is placed in oven containing
composite specimen in the oven for 4 h at 370C.Each composite specimen is opened out
and dried it by hanging it in air at a temperature not exceeding 60oC with the two or
three parts in contact only at the line of stitching. Assess the change in color of each
specimen and the staining of the adjacent fabric(s) with the grey scales.
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Grey Scale for Assessing Change in Shade
This Grey Scale is for assessing the degree of change in shade caused to a dyedTextile fabric / yarn in color fastness tests. For example, the change of shade of
wool and cotton fabrics in the wash fastness, perspiration fastness, etc.
The scale consists of nine pairs of gray color chips each representing a visual
difference and contrast.
The fastness rating goes step-wise from:Note 5 = no visual change (best rating) to Note 1 = a large visual change (worst
rating).
The gray scale has the 9 possible values:
5, 4-5, 4, 3-4, 3, 2-3, 2, 1-2, 1.
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Grey Scale for Assessing Staining
This Grey Scale is for assessing the degree of staining caused by a dyed Textile /
yarn in color fastness tests. For example, the staining of wool and cotton fabrics in
the wash fastness, perspiration fastness, etc.
The scale consists of nine pairs of gray color chips each representing a visual
difference and contrast.
The fastness rating goes step-wise from:
Note 5 = no visual change (best rating) to Note 1 = a large visual change (worst
rating).
The grey scale has the 9 possible values:
5, 4-5, 4, 3-4, 3, 2-3, 2, 1-2, 1.
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AATCC test methodfor colour fastness to sea water
Purpose and Scope
This test method is designed to measure the resistance to sea water of dyed,
printed, or otherwise colored textile yarns and fabrics of all kinds.
Artificial sea water is used in this test because natural sea water is variable in
composition, and is often difficult to obtain.
Principle
The specimen, backed by multifiber test fabric, is immersed in artificial sea water
under specified conditions of pressure, temperature and time, and then placed
between glass or plastic plates under specificed conditions of pressure, temperature
and time. The change in color of the specimen and the staining of the attached
multifiber test fabric are observed.
Apparatus and material
Perspiration test Specimens measuring 40 mm x 100 mm, one dyed and two bleached.Oven, maintained at 370C 2 gray scale Per literNaCl30g MgCl25g
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P r o c e d u r e :
Immerse the specimen in the test solution at the room temperature with occasional
agitating to insure through wetting out. Remove the test specimen after about 2o
minutes and only pass between squeeze rolls to remove excess liquor when the wetweight of the test specimen is more than 3 times of the dry weight .
Place the test specimen between glass or plastic plates and insert in the specimen
unit of the perspiration tester. Adjust the perspiration tester to produce a pressureof 10 lb on the specimen.
Heat the loaded specimen in the oven for 18 hours. Remove the specimen from the
unit and complete drying. Then evaluate with the gray scale.
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Introduction
North Cloth, North Manufacturing, North sails 3DL Lanka and Southern Spars
International are subsidiaries of North Sails Group LLC, USA, the world's largest
producer of sails and sail technology leader.
A fully automated factory, North Cloth is equipped with state-of-the-art sail cloth
laminating facilities, RM & FG inspection and an in built racking system for
inventory control. With computer controlled production, in-house laboratories,
stringent quality control measures and automatic web guiding and edge trimming,
a competitive advantage is offered in producing sail cloth for export.
This is a report about the chemical testing currently undergone at the North Cloth
laboratory in order to ensure the quality of the products.
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Section 1-
Fiber
Structural, physical and chemical characterization Microscopic appearance Microscopic viewsPage Burning test Fiber burn chart Chemical identificationSolubility testSection 2-
Colour Fastness
Colour fastness to perspiration Colour fastness to sea water
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Content Page Number
Abstract 2
Action of fungi on sail clothes 3
Zinc Omadine 4-5
Vanquish 100 6-7
Laboratory procedure to test the efficiency of ZPT and BBIT 8
Alternative method for antifungal protection 9
Comparison of ECTFE and ZPT + BBIT 10
References 11
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Section 2-
Colour
Fastness
Colourfastness
to
perspira
tion Colour
fastness
to sea
water
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olour fastnes
iber identification
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Section1-
Fiber
Identification
Structural,physical and
chemical
characterization
Microscopicappearance
MicroscopicviewsPage
Burning test Fiber burn chart Chemical
identification
Solubility test