![Page 1: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MediaTek Labs
联发科技创意实验室
Make It Big with Something Small. (用小芯片‘智’造硬件大未来)
![Page 2: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Smart Brewer智能釀酒器
2
![Page 3: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Rental Vehicle智慧电动车管理系统
3
App Application应用程序
Cloud Service云端服务器
Copyright © MediaTek Inc. All rights reserved.
![Page 4: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Broad Range of Opportunities in IoT物联网市场蕴藏广阔的机遇
![Page 5: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Aiming at the Future Opportunities瞄准未来的机会
106
104
102
1
De
vice
s /
Use
rs (
MM
in L
og
Scal
e )
大型主机Mainframe
1 million+ units
微处理机Minicomputer
10 million+ units
个人计算机PC
100 million+ units
物联网Internet of Things
10 billion+ units
行动设备互联网Mobile Internet
1 billion+ units
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
桌机互联网Desktop internet
1 billion+ units / users
Cloud-centricDevice-centric
设备为中心 云端为中心
Copyright © MediaTek Inc. All rights reserved.
![Page 6: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Wearables & IoT可穿戴设备和物联网
▪ Estimated 26 billion units installed by 2020
到2020年时,预计有两百六十亿个联网装置
(source: Gartner, 2013/11)
6
2020
2X
Wearable
IoT
Copyright © MediaTek Inc. All rights reserved.
![Page 7: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Gartner 和业界的预计
到2017年,50%的物联网解决方案将发源于小于3年的创业团队
![Page 8: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
MediaTek Labs®
联发科技创意实验室
8
▪ 2014年成立 MediaTek Labs
▪ 2015年成立 IOT 事业部
▪ Global program
一项全球性的计划
▪ Supporting developers
支持开发者进行以下创意活动
• Device creation 开发新的设备
• App development应用程序开发
• Services 支持云端服务
▪ labs.mediatek.com
Copyright © MediaTek Inc. All rights reserved.
![Page 9: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
USA美国
UK英国 Denmark丹麦
Sweden瑞典
Dubai 杜拜
India印度Singapore新加坡
Mainland China 中国
Korea韩国
Japan日本
Finland芬兰
27 offices located across 12 countries
在12个国家设立27个办公室
>12,000 employees worldwide*全球员工人数>12,000
A global company联发科技是一家跨国芯片设计公司
Taiwan台湾Hsinchu HQ新竹总部
9
*including employees of MStar Semiconductor Inc.
Copyright © MediaTek Inc. All rights reserved.
![Page 10: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Leading Market Positions领先的市场地位
Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek company data* Combined with MStar. Source (Rankings by volume):Strategy Analytics, Displaysearch, iSuppli , MediaTek company data
1
2
3
Smartphone智能手机
Digital TV数字电视
DVD/BD Player光盘播放器
Tablets平板电脑
Wi-Fi无线设备
Feature Phone功能手机
Optical Disc Drive光储存装置
Copyright © MediaTek Inc. All rights reserved.
![Page 11: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
MediaTek SOCs are all around us联发科技的芯片环绕在我们四周
Wearables穿戴设备
TVs电视
Blu-ray disc players蓝光播放器
GPS卫星导航
Tablets平板
Smartphones智慧手机
Game station游戏机
Copyright © MediaTek Inc. All rights reserved. 11
![Page 12: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
MediaTek powered products
12
▪ Amazon Kindle Fire Tablet▪ Sony Android TVSmartphone HTC M9+ / Google Android One
![Page 13: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Complete HW + SW完整的硬件和软件
Design for World-wide符合全球使用的设计
Integrated Application Platform高度整合的应用平台
Comprehensive Connectivity丰富的无线互连技术
Leading Multimedia领先技术的多媒体功能
Advanced SOC先进技术的系统级芯片
Wireless Power
High Integration高集成
Low Power低功耗
SlimDown
SolutionPartner解决方案伙伴
Copyright © MediaTek Inc. All rights reserved.
MediaTek – Best Solution Partner for IoT联发科技–物联网最佳解决方案的伙伴
13
![Page 14: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Enabling Developer & Maker Success帮助开发者和制造者成功的关键
labs.mediatek.com SDKs
软件开发工具包
Technical docs
技术档
HDKs
硬件开发工具包
Discussion Forums, FAQ & Dev Support
论坛,常见问题与开发支持
Newsletter
新闻
Solutions Catalog
解决方案
Business Supportand Matchmaking商业支持与媒合
14Copyright © MediaTek Inc. All rights reserved.
![Page 15: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
LinkIt® Wearable & IoT SolutionsLinkIt® 可穿戴设备与物联网解决方案
15
MediaTek LinkIt Platform
联发科技LinkIt 平台
Built to accelerate the wearable and IoT markets
加速可穿戴物联网市场的发展
• LinkIt ONE
• 全球体积最小、已商用的可穿戴 SoC(2G Modem + BLE),搭配 Wi-Fi 和 GPS 的芯片组
• 面向创客/开发者
• LinkIt Connect 7681 Module, HDK, and SDK
• Wi-Fi 解决方案, 从云端和移动设备控制物联网产品
• 准备好 设计与生产
• LinkIt Assist 2502 Module, HDK, and SDK 2.0
• MT2502
• Eclipse IDE 开发工具
![Page 16: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
MediaTek Cloud Sandbox / 联发科技云服务
云储存
无限的访问
兼容任何设备
RESTful API’s
设备遥控器
网络或移动应用
16labs.mediatek.com/cnmcs
![Page 17: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Idea
概念
Platforms
平台
Prototype
原型
Productize
產品化
Launch
上市
Distributors
分销商
ODM Companies
原始设计制造商
Design Houses
设计公司
Components &
Complementary
Technologies
组件与周边技术
Manufacturing
制造商
OEM Companies
原始设备制造商
Channel Partners
通路伙伴
Module
模块
PCBA
板卡
ID Design
工业设计
UI Design
接口设计
SW App
软件App
labs.mediatek.com
MediaTek Ecosystem Support联发科技生态链支持
![Page 18: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
LinkIt™Connect 7681
![Page 19: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
LinkIt™ Connect 7681 –Wi-Fi开发平台
19labs.mediatek.com/cn7681
系统芯片
MediaTekMT7681 – 微型化的Wi-Fi系统芯片,支持802.11 b/g/n
LinkIt Connect 7681模块(HDK)
内含MT7681,仅15x18mm票贴大小,幵内建陶瓷天线5 个 GPIO1 个 UART
LinkIt Connect 7681软件开发包(SDK)
开放源代码支持Station/AP模式内含TCP/IP stack类似 C 语音的SDK。
LinkIt Connect 7681 硬件开发包 (HDK)
LinkIt Connect 7681开发板基于联发科技参考设计
+ ++
QFN40 5x5mm
![Page 20: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
LinkIt Connect 7681
20
▪ LinkIt Connect 7681 - 微小的Wi-Fi
模块
• 802.11 b/g/n
• Station and AP 模式• 支持 MediaTek Smart Connection
▪ 提供流产的首次配置用户体验
• 支持 MediaTek Cloud Sandbox
• TCP/IP Stack
• 5 GPIOs + 1 UART
![Page 21: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
SDK 软件开发包
▪ 类似 C 语言的开发
▪ 支持平台
• Windows
• Ubuntu Linux
▪ 资源
• demo 参考源代码
• Android, iOS 的 Smart Connection 代码库
• 编译环境及固件升级工具
![Page 22: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Demo code
void iot_cust_subtask1(void){static uint32 subPreTimer = 0;static uint32 subCurTimer = 0;static uint8 blink = 0;/*Make GPIO 2 blinking every 1 second */subCurTimer = iot_get_ms_time(); /*get current counter value (unit:1ms)*/
/*if the time difference is 1000ms, change gpio output value*/if ((subCurTimer - subPreTimer) >= 1000){subPreTimer = subCurTimer;iot_gpio_output(2, blink);blink = (blink+1)%2;
}}
![Page 23: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Hardware Reference Designs硬件参考设计
23
▪ 引脚输出图
▪ 布局图
▪ 原理图图
▪ 技术简介
labs.mediatek.com/cn7681
![Page 24: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
LinkIt™ ONE
![Page 25: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
MediaTek LinkIt ONE platform联发科技LinkIt ONE开发平台
25
System-on-Chip芯片Aster (MT2502) – 是世界上最小的可穿戴系统芯片,配搭WiFi与定位芯片
LinkIt ONE HDK硬件开发工具包Linkit ONE 开发板基于联发科技参考设计
Co-design with:
Linkit ONE API
提供丰富的API控制可穿戴与物联网设备
+ ++
LinkIt ONE SDK软件开发工具包Arduino插件, LinkIt ONE 应用编程库与开发板固件更新工具
labs.mediatek.com/cnlinkitone
![Page 26: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ASTER (MT2502)
260MHz ARM7 CPUBluetooth v2.1/v4.0 dual mode (legacy + low energy)PMU integratedEmbedded Flash+ SRAM
26
MediaTekAster
5.4x6.2mm
Total Size: 89.84mm2Total Size: 140.97mm2
MCU PMU
BT Memory
3.6x4.0mm 3x3mm
3.27x3.52mm
5x6mm
Competitor Solution竞争者的解决方案
MediaTek Solution联发科技的解决方案
-36%
labs.mediatek.com/cnlinkit
MT2502: “Born for Wearable”MT2502:“为穿戴设备而生”
![Page 27: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Hardware Dev Kit - LinkIt ONE LinkIt ONE 硬件开发包
labs.mediatek.com/cnlinkithdk
(正面分布图)23
Headphone Jack
USB Jack
Battery Jack
Reset 键
GPIO
GPIO
SPI
Seeed “GROVE” system
SD / SPI 选择开关
Mass Storage / Normal开关
USB / Battery 供电开关
![Page 28: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
LinkIt ONE HDK(Back View)
GPS Antenna
Wi-Fi / BTAntenna
GSM Antenna
SIM/SD Slot
Main ProcessorBT GSMMT2502
Wi-FiMT5931
GNSSMT3332
GPS/GLONASS/BEIDOU
GPS+GLONASS Antenna
Wi-Fi / BTAntenna
GSM Antenna
![Page 29: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
LinkIt ONE硬件规范
▪ 微控制器• MT2502A (Aster), ARM7 EJ-S 260MHz
▪ PCB 大小• 3.3 x 2.1 inches
▪ 存储• Flash 128Mb, RAM 32Mb
▪ 电源• 3.7V~4.2V锂电池, USB充电
▪ 数字IO引脚• 16 pins (D0~D13, SDA, SCL), 3.3V
▪ 模拟输入引脚• 3 pins (A0, A1, A2), 0~5V
▪ PWM• 2 set,• Max Resolution: 13bit• Max Frequency@Resolution: 1.6kHz@13bit, 50.8kHz@8bit, 800kHz@4bit
![Page 30: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
LinkIt ONE硬件规范
外部中断• 2 pins, D2, D3
I2C• 1 set, Master only
SPI• 1 set, Master only
UART• 1x UART on USB
mapped to “Serial”
• 1x UART D0, D1, 3.3V mapped to “Serial1”
GSM/GPRS• 850/900/1800/1900 MHz• GPRS Class 12
Bluetooth蓝牙• BR/EDR, BLE (Dual Mode)
Wi-Fi无线上网• 802.11 b/g/n
GPS定位• GPS/GLONASS/BEIDOU• G+G by default
使用者存儲• Flash: 10MB• SD card: up to 32GB (class 10)
![Page 31: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
LinkIt ONE Software Development Kit
▪ An extension of Arduino IDE
31
+
![Page 32: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
SDK Features
Arduino核心 API
Digital I/O Pulse-Shift I/O Analog Input Serial Time and delay Interrupts Math Servo Stepper SPI I2C
LinkIt ONE 核心 API (prefixed withL, e.g.LGPS)
GSM
GPRS
Wi-Fi
Bluetooth
GPS
Audio
SD/Flash
EEPROM
SMS & Telephony
TCP and UDP socket
TCP and UDP socket
Serial Port Profile / GATT
NMEA Format
MP3 AAC AMR
FAT32
labs.mediatek.com/cnlinkitoneguide
![Page 33: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Hardware Reference Designs硬件参考设计
33
▪ 引脚输出图
▪ 布局图
▪ 原理图
▪ 技术简介
labs.mediatek.com/cnlinkit
![Page 34: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Setup
34
Download Arduino
Register
With Labs
Download
SDK
Install SDK
Ready to Code
1.5.6r2-BETA1.5.7 BETA
![Page 35: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Setup continued
35labs.mediatek.com/cnlinkitonesdk
Plug-in to Arduino IDE
Setup Board
Create Sketches
Load to LinkIt ONE
Run
![Page 36: Make It Big with Something Small. 用小芯片‘智’造 硬件大未来 · Source (ranking by revenue of 2014):Strategy Analytics, Gartner, IDC, IC Insight, iSuppli and MediaTek](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f3ad181089c75787726e16e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36Copyright © MediaTek Inc. All rights reserved.