Download - Measurement and simulation of radionuclide product yields in iron from 400 AMeV carbon ions
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Measurement and simulation of radionuclide product yields in iron from 400 AMeV carbon ions
T.Ogawa, M.Morev,
Takeshi Iimoto, Toshiso Kosako
The university of Tokyo
SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN
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Abstract• Target fragment in Fe target• Bombarded by 400MeV/u C ion• Experiment and calculation with FLUKA
• FLUKA– Projectile fragment, deep fragmentation
: Underestimation (50%)– Isomer : Reasonable– Others : Good agreement
400 MeV C ion
In-Target γ-emitting fragments
Experiment Simulation (FLUKA)
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Background• Activation in intermediate ~high energy
– Problem in decommissioning
• Monte-Carlo calculation codes– Ejectile yield ← Good measurements– Target fragment ← Few benchmark data
Essential in activation estimation
SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN
Particle Ejectile
t
Bed
Targetfragment
24Na,43K, 54Mn
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Experiment
• Irradiation (~10 h, Cooling)
• Gamma spectrometry
SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN
16 cm
16 cm
6.85 cm
Fe
4.0 cm
0.15 cm
C (400MeV/u)
Collimated beam
HPGeDisassemblageCooling (avoid pile-up)
Measure activity one by one
☆Only decay γ-emmiting☆detectable intensity☆Medium ~ Long half-livednuclides were measured
Be-7, Na-22, Na-24, Mg-28, K-42, K-43, Sc-44m, Sc-46, Sc-47, Sc-48, V-48, Cr-48, Cr-51, Mn-52, Mn-54, Co-55, Co-56, Co-58
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Simulation• Fe: Natural isotope composition
• Impurities (C, P, Mn, S, Si) ←Minor effect
• RQMD (A-A interaction) model
SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN
~~FLUKA-2008~~
16 cm
16 cm
6.85 cm
Fe
4.0 cm
0.15 cm
C (400MeV/u)
Collimated beam
On-line calculation(RESNUCLE option)
11.35h exposure1h cooling
Bq/mm
Depth
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Results ~~Lighter than projectile~~
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Depth in iron target, m m
1E+002
1E+003
1E+004
200
300
500
2000
3000
5000
Line
al a
ctiv
ity Al,
Bq/
mm
Be-7Experim entFLUKA
• Projectile fragments– Underestimated (~50%)
• Production in range– Underestimated
– Direct or indirect
+ Projectile fragments+ Secondary particle induced
Direct reaction X-sec orSecondary induced reactionunderestimated
SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN
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Results ~~ Deep fragmentation~~
• X-section underestimated– Secondary particle induced : underestimated
• End of range: Underestimation
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Depth in iron target, m m
1E+003
1E+004
1E+005
2000
3000
5000
20000
30000
50000
Lin
ea
l act
ivity
Al,
Bq
/mm
Na-24Experim entFLUKA
SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Depth in iron target, m m
1E+000
1E+001
1E+002
2
3
5
20
30
50
Line
al a
ctiv
ity Al,
Bq/
mm
Na-22Experim entFLUKA
X-sec underestimated by 50%
RQMD model limitation100 MeV/u
Range ~5.1cm
Secondary particle induced reaction
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Results ~~ Isomer~~
• Isomer production – 1/2 ground, 1/2 meta-stable assumption : Not critical
SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Depth in iron target, m m
1E+003
1E+004
1E+005
2000
3000
5000
20000
30000
50000
Line
al a
ctiv
ity Al,
Bq/
mm
Sc-44mExperim entFLU KA(R Q M D )
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Depth in iron target, m m
1E+002
1E+003
1E+004
200
300
500
2000
3000
5000
Lin
ea
l act
ivity
Al,
Bq
/mm
Sc-46Experim entFLU KA(R Q M D )
・ Close atomic numbers・ Similar underestimation
Results ~~ Isomer-2~~
• Isomer production – Mn-52 g
• Very good agreement
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Depth in iron target, m m
1E+003
1E+004
1E+005
2000
3000
5000
20000
30000
50000
Line
al a
ctiv
ity Al,
Bq/
mm
M n-52Experim entFLUKA(R Q M D )
5.591 d
21.1 m
8.275
54.9 s
8.275 h
Detectable gamma
0.5
0.5
SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN
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Results ~~As heavy as target~~
• Severely underestimated (~1/300)
• Low E light ion (α, t, etc) induced reactions?
SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Depth in iron target, m m
1E-001
1E+000
1E+001
1E+002
1E+003
23
5
2030
50
200300
500
Line
al a
ctiv
ity Al,
Bq/
mm
Co-58Experim entFLUKA(R Q M D )
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Results ~~other nuclides~~ • Higher contribution from secondary particles
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Depth in iron target, m m
1E+003
1E+004
1E+005
2000
3000
5000
20000
30000
50000
Lin
eal a
ctiv
ity Al,
Bq
/mm
V -48Experim entFLU KA
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Depth in iron target, m m
1E+003
1E+004
1E+005
2000
3000
5000
20000
30000
50000
Lin
eal a
ctiv
ity Al,
Bq
/mm
Co-55Experim entFLU KA
RQMD model limitation100 MeV/u
SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN
Secondary particle induced
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Conclusion• Fe target + 400MeV/u C ion
• Experiment & Simulation
• Overall good agreement– Projectile fragment : Under? (50%)– Deep fragmentation : Under (50%)– Shallow fragmentation
by secondary particles : Good agreement– Isomer assumption : Reasonable– Others : Good agreement
SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN
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Acknowledgement
• We gratefully acknowledge the support and assistance of the accelerator operation staff at HIMAC and Dr. Murakami.
• We wish to thank the FLUKA authors Dr. Francesco Cerutti, Dr. Vasilis Vlachoudis and Dr. Alfredo Ferrari for fruitful discussions