1

Measurement and simulation of radionuclide product yields in iron from 400 AMeV carbon ions

T.Ogawa, M.Morev,

Takeshi Iimoto, Toshiso Kosako

The university of Tokyo

SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

2

Abstract• Target fragment in Fe target• Bombarded by 400MeV/u C ion• Experiment and calculation with FLUKA

• FLUKA– Projectile fragment, deep fragmentation

: Underestimation (50%)– Isomer : Reasonable– Others : Good agreement

400 MeV C ion

In-Target γ-emitting fragments

Experiment Simulation (FLUKA)

3

Background• Activation in intermediate ~high energy

– Problem in decommissioning

• Monte-Carlo calculation codes– Ejectile yield ← Good measurements– Target fragment ← Few benchmark data

Essential in activation estimation

SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

Particle Ejectile

t

Bed

Targetfragment

24Na,43K, 54Mn

5

Experiment

• Irradiation (~10 h, Cooling)

• Gamma spectrometry

SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

16 cm

16 cm

6.85 cm

Fe

4.0 cm

0.15 cm

C (400MeV/u)

Collimated beam

HPGeDisassemblageCooling (avoid pile-up)

Measure activity one by one

☆Only decay γ-emmiting☆detectable intensity☆Medium ~ Long half-livednuclides were measured

Be-7, Na-22, Na-24, Mg-28, K-42, K-43, Sc-44m, Sc-46, Sc-47, Sc-48, V-48, Cr-48, Cr-51, Mn-52, Mn-54, Co-55, Co-56, Co-58

6

Simulation• Fe: Natural isotope composition

• Impurities (C, P, Mn, S, Si) ←Minor effect

• RQMD (A-A interaction) model

SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

~~FLUKA-2008~~

16 cm

16 cm

6.85 cm

Fe

4.0 cm

0.15 cm

C (400MeV/u)

Collimated beam

On-line calculation(RESNUCLE option)

11.35h exposure1h cooling

Bq/mm

Depth

7

Results ~~Lighter than projectile~~

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Depth in iron target, m m

1E+002

1E+003

1E+004

200

300

500

2000

3000

5000

Line

al a

ctiv

ity Al,

Bq/

mm

Be-7Experim entFLUKA

• Projectile fragments– Underestimated (~50%)

• Production in range– Underestimated

– Direct or indirect

+ Projectile fragments+ Secondary particle induced

Direct reaction X-sec orSecondary induced reactionunderestimated

SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

8

Results ~~ Deep fragmentation~~

• X-section underestimated– Secondary particle induced : underestimated

• End of range: Underestimation

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Depth in iron target, m m

1E+003

1E+004

1E+005

2000

3000

5000

20000

30000

50000

Lin

ea

l act

ivity

Al,

Bq

/mm

Na-24Experim entFLUKA

SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Depth in iron target, m m

1E+000

1E+001

1E+002

2

3

5

20

30

50

Line

al a

ctiv

ity Al,

Bq/

mm

Na-22Experim entFLUKA

X-sec underestimated by 50%

RQMD model limitation100 MeV/u

Range ~5.1cm

Secondary particle induced reaction

9

Results ~~ Isomer~~

• Isomer production – 1/2 ground, 1/2 meta-stable assumption : Not critical

SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Depth in iron target, m m

1E+003

1E+004

1E+005

2000

3000

5000

20000

30000

50000

Line

al a

ctiv

ity Al,

Bq/

mm

Sc-44mExperim entFLU KA(R Q M D )

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Depth in iron target, m m

1E+002

1E+003

1E+004

200

300

500

2000

3000

5000

Lin

ea

l act

ivity

Al,

Bq

/mm

Sc-46Experim entFLU KA(R Q M D )

・ Close atomic numbers・ Similar underestimation

Results ~~ Isomer-2~~

• Isomer production – Mn-52 g

• Very good agreement

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Depth in iron target, m m

1E+003

1E+004

1E+005

2000

3000

5000

20000

30000

50000

Line

al a

ctiv

ity Al,

Bq/

mm

M n-52Experim entFLUKA(R Q M D )

5.591 d

21.1 m

8.275

54.9 s

8.275 h

Detectable gamma

0.5

0.5

SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

13

Results ~~As heavy as target~~

• Severely underestimated (~1/300)

• Low E light ion (α, t, etc) induced reactions?

SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Depth in iron target, m m

1E-001

1E+000

1E+001

1E+002

1E+003

23

5

2030

50

200300

500

Line

al a

ctiv

ity Al,

Bq/

mm

Co-58Experim entFLUKA(R Q M D )

14

Results ~~other nuclides~~ • Higher contribution from secondary particles

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Depth in iron target, m m

1E+003

1E+004

1E+005

2000

3000

5000

20000

30000

50000

Lin

eal a

ctiv

ity Al,

Bq

/mm

V -48Experim entFLU KA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Depth in iron target, m m

1E+003

1E+004

1E+005

2000

3000

5000

20000

30000

50000

Lin

eal a

ctiv

ity Al,

Bq

/mm

Co-55Experim entFLU KA

RQMD model limitation100 MeV/u

SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

Secondary particle induced

15

Conclusion• Fe target + 400MeV/u C ion

• Experiment & Simulation

• Overall good agreement– Projectile fragment : Under? (50%)– Deep fragmentation : Under (50%)– Shallow fragmentation

by secondary particles : Good agreement– Isomer assumption : Reasonable– Others : Good agreement

SATIF-10, 2-4 June 2010, CERN

16

Acknowledgement

• We gratefully acknowledge the support and assistance of the accelerator operation staff at HIMAC and Dr. Murakami.

• We wish to thank the FLUKA authors Dr. Francesco Cerutti, Dr. Vasilis Vlachoudis and Dr. Alfredo Ferrari for fruitful discussions