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D R . T A R E K A . T U T U N J I
P H I L A D E L P H I A U N I V E R S I T Y , J O R D A N
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Mechatronic Systems: Overview
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Mechatronics Definition
The word, mechatronics, is composed of “mecha” from mechanism and the “tronics” from electronics.
The synergistic integration of mechanical engineering, with electronics and intelligent computer control in the design and manufacturing of industrial products and processes.
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Mechatronics Definition
Mechatronics is the application of complex decision making to the operation of physical systems.
Mechatronics is a methodology used for the optimal design of electromechanical products.
A mechatronic system is not just a marriage of electrical and mechanical systems and is more than just a control system; it is a complete integration of all of them.
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Mechatronics Definition
Mechatronics Engineering is the
Analysis
Design
Manufacturing
Integration
and maintenance
of mechanics with electronics through intelligent computer control.
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Mechatronic Systems
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Mechatronic Systems
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History
Mechanical Engineering experienced an exponential growth in the early 19th century because of the industrial revolution.
The rise of semiconductors in the 1950s and computers in the 1980s have revolutionized all engineering products and processes which in turn affected mechanical engineering systems.
The term mechatronics was first used in the late 1960s by a Japanese Electric Company to describe the engineering integration between mechanical “mecha” and electronics “tronics” systems.
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History
Since then it has spread throughout Europe and is growing is the USA.
Today, many mechanical systems use some form of electronics and computers to control its functionality.
Mechatronics system engineering has gained much recognition and importance in the industrial world.
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History
In the late 1970s, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Machine Industry (JSPMI) classified mechatronics products into four categories
Class I: Primarily mechanical products with electronics incorporated to
enhance functionality. Examples include numerically controlled machine tools and variable speed drives in manufacturing machines.
Class II: Traditional mechanical systems with significantly updated internal
devices incorporating electronics. Examples include the modern sewing machine and automated manufacturing systems.
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History
Class III:
Systems that retain the functionality of the traditional mechanical system, but the internal mechanisms are replaced by electronics. An example is the digital watch.
Class IV:
Products designed with mechanical and electronic technologies through synergistic integration. Examples include photocopiers, intelligent washers and dryers, rice cookers, and automatic ovens.
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Historical Development
[Ref.] Prof. Rolf Isermann
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Evolution of Mechatronics
[Ref.] Prof. Tomizuka
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Modern Mechatronic System
[Ref.] Prof. Tomizuka
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Control of Mechanical Systems
[Ref.] Prof. Tomizuka
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Mechanical Engineering in 21st Century
Mechanical Engineering will be affected by
1. information technology,
2. miniaturization,
3. materials science,
4. bioengineering and medicine,
5. energy,
6. transportation
7. environmental engineering,
8. manufacturing.
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Mechatronic Systems Examples
[Ref.] Prof. Rolf Isermann
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Mechatronics Application Area
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Mechatronic System Example: Automobiles
http://www.exoticcars.ws/cars/ferrari-enzo-doors-open.jpg
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The Development of Automobiles
Until the 1960s, the radio was the only significant electronics in an automobile.
All other functions were entirely mechanical or electrical, such as the starter motor and the battery charging systems.
Modeling of the combustion process showed that, for increased fuel efficiency, there existed an optimal time when the fuel should be ignited.
The timing depends on load, speed, and other measurable quantities.
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The Development of Automobiles
The electronic ignition system was one of the first mechatronic systems to be introduced in the automobile in the late 1970s. The electronic ignition system consists of a crankshaft position
sensor, camshaft position sensor, airflow rate, throttle position, rate of throttle position change sensors, and a dedicated microcontroller determining the timing of the spark plug firings.
The Antilock Brake System (ABS) was also introduced in
the late 1970s in automobiles The Traction Control System (TCS) was introduced in
automobiles in the mid-1990s.
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The Development of Automobiles
Nowadays there are about 30-60 microcontrollers in each automobile. These processors are used for
Engine management
Transmission control
Airbags
ABS, TCS, VDC,
Instrument cluster
Air conditioning systems
Seat, mirror control, and window lift systems.
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The Development of Automobiles
New applications of mechatronic systems in the automotive world include Semi-autonomous to fully autonomous automobiles
Safety enhancements
Emission reduction
Intelligent cruise control
Brake by wire systems
Wireless networking of automobiles to ground stations and vehicle-to vehicle communication.
Telematics, which combines audio, hands-free cell phone, navigation, Internet connectivity, e-mail, and voice recognition
MEMS
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Autonomous Vehicle System
[Ref.] Prof. Robert Bishop
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So!
Mechatronics is an evolutionary process, not a revolutionary one.
Mechatronics is about the synergistic integration of mechanical, electrical, and computer systems.
[Ref.] Prof. Robert Bishop
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Elements of Mechatronic Systems
[Ref.] Prof. Robert Bishop
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Mechatronics Constitutes
[Ref.] Prof. Divdas Shetty
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Mechatronics Key Elements
[Ref.] Prof. Divdas Shetty
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Mechatronic Systems Block Diagram
Computer,
Microprocessor,
or DSP
D/A A/D
Signal
Conditioning
Driver
Sensors Actuators
Physical Process
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Mechatronic vs. Multidisciplinary
The difference between a mechatronic system and a multidisciplinary system is not the constituents, but rather the order in which they are designed.
Multidisciplinary system design employed a sequential design-by-discipline approach.
Mechatronic design methodology is based on a concurrent (instead of sequential) approach to discipline design, resulting in products with more synergy.
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Conclusion
Mechatronic Systems are composed of several subsystems: Mechanical, Electronic, and Computer Control The integration and interface among those subsystems is
essential
Mechatronics is about the synergistic integration of mechanical, electrical, and computer systems
Mechatronic Systems are at the high-end of technolgy