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Medical Terminology
List 3Chapter 2
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Organization of the Body
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Cells
• Basic functional unit of the body
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Tissue
• Groups of cells• Working together• To perform a specialize
function
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Organ
• Composed to 2 or more different types of tissue
• Specific function• Usually recognizable
shape
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System
• Related organs• Common function
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Organism
• Collection of body systems
• Make up the most complex level of life
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Body Systems -11
• Circulatory System• Lymphatic (immune)
system• Digestive system• Endocrine system• Reproductive system• Muscular system
• Skeletal system• Nervous system• Respiratory system• Integumentary system• Urinary system
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Acronym for 11 body systems• MURDERS LINC
MuscularUrinaryReproductiveDigestiveEndocrineRespiratorySkeletal
LymphaticIntegumentaryNervousCirculatory
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Circulatory System
• Contains– Heart, Arteries; Veins; Capillaries; Blood; Spleen
• Function– to deliver oxygenated blood to the body
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Lymphatic (Immune) System
• Contains– Lymph nodes, white blood cells
• Function– to remove infectious diseases and other
pathogens from the human body
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Digestive System
• Contains– Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Pancreas, Liver,
Gallbladder, Intestines
• Function– To convert food particles into simpler, molecules
that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body
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Endocrine System
• Contains: Glands– hypothalamus– pituitary gland– thyroid– parathyroid– adrenal glands– pancreas– testes– ovaries
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Endocrine System
• Function– to control growth, development, metabolism and
reproduction through the production and secretion of hormones
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Reproductive System
• Contains– Female: Ovaries, uterus, vagina– Male: Testis, penis, prostate
• Function– Allows for the continuation of the human species
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Muscular System
• Contains– Muscles
• Function– works with the skeletal and nervous system to
produce movement
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Skeletal System
• Contains– Bones– Femur, humerus, radius and ulna, cranium, fibula
and tibia, vertebrae, pelvic bone, phalanges
• Function– to provide structure and support to the body
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Nervous System
• Contains– Brain, spinal cord, nerves
• Function– to coordinate the body’s response to changes in
its internal and external environment
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Respiratory System
• Contains– Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, alveoli,
lungs, diaphragm
• Function– to provide the body with a oxygen and remove
carbon dioxide
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Integumentary System
• Contains– Skin
• Function– protection to the underlying layers – body temperature regulation– nerves that respond to temperature, touch,
pressure, and pain
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Urinary System
• Contains– Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
• Function– Remove waste products from the body– Keep fluid and electrolyte levels normal
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Body Cavities
• Cranial • Thoracic• Abdominal • Pelvic• Spinal• Pleura
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Cranial Cavity
• Location– Surrounded by the skull, in the head
• Contains– Brain, meninges
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Thoracic Cavity
• Location– Chest area– Surrounded by the ribs
• Contains– Lung, heart, trachea
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Abdominal Cavity
• Location– Below the thoracic
cavity and above the pelvic cavity
• Contains– Digestive organs– Stomach, liver,
gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, intestines kidney
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Pelvic Cavity
• Location– Below the abdominal
cavity, – Surrounded by the
pelvis
• Contains– Reproductive organs,
urinary bladder, rectum
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Spinal Cavity
• Location– Space surrounded by
the spinal column
• Contains– Spinal cord
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Pleura Cavity
• Location– Pleura surrounds the
lungs– Cavity is the space
between the pleura and the lungs
• Contains– Pleural fluid
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Diaphragm
• Location– The muscle that
separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
• Contains – Muscle that aids in
respiration
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Mediastinum
• Location– Large space between
the lungs
• Contains– Heart, esophagus,
trachea, bronchi
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What cavity is it?
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Body Planes
• How to cut the body into pieces!
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Sagittal
• AKA: – Lateral
• Vertically divides the body right half and left half.
• Midsagittal– Divides the body through the
midline
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Transverse
• AKA– Axial
• Horizontally divides the body into superior and inferior portions
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Coronal
• AKA– Frontal
• Divides the body front to back
• Into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) portions.
Coronal
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Directions
• Movements of the body!
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Adduction
• Movement towards the midline of the body
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Abduction
• Movement away from the midline of the body
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Superior
• AKA– Cephalic– Cranial
• Above or higher; toward the head
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Inferior
• AKA– Caudal
• Below or lower, toward the tail
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Anterior
• AKA– Ventral
• Front of the body, toward the front
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Posterior
• AKA– Dorsal
• Back of the body; toward the back
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Medial
• Pertaining to the middle; toward the midline
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Lateral
• Pertaining to the side; toward the side
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External
• Outside, exterior to
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Internal
• Within, interior to
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Superficial
• Toward or on the surface
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Deep
• Away from the surface
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Proximal
• Near the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure
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Distal
• Farther from the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure
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Parietal
• Pertaining to the outer wall of a cavity
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Visceral
• Pertaining to the organs within a cavity