MICROSCOPY AND CELLSBIO 107 – WEEK 2
MICROSCOPY AND CELLS – LEARNING GOALS
Be able to identify the parts of the microscope and
their uses
Be able to correctly use a microscope
Be able to correctly prepare a wet mount
Be able to distinguish prokaryotic from eukaryotic
cells
Be able to distinguish animal from plant cells
MICROSCOPY – THE COMPOUND LIGHT
MICROSCOPE
System of lenses arranged
to produce an enlarged,
focusable image of a
specimen.
MICROSCOPY – THE MICROSCOPE
Illuminating System
• Light source
• Condenser lens
MICROSCOPY – THE MICROSCOPE
Imaging System
• Objective lenses
• Ocular lenses
• Body tube
MICROSCOPY – THE MICROSCOPE
Other parts
• Stage
• Stage clips
• Arm
• Base
• Course adjustment knob
• Fine adjustment knob
MICROSCOPY – RULES AND USE
Always carry upright with one hand under the base and
the other around the arm.
Only clean lenses with lens paper
Always start on low-power objective.
If shifting to a higher power objective, rotate carefully.
Always use fine adjustment knob when using a higher
power objective
USING A COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
1) Ensure that lowest-power objective is in place.
2) Place specimen on the stage.
3) Adjust slide so that the area of interest is in view.
4) Use the course adjustment knob to focus on the specimen.
5) Slowly rotate the high-power objective into place, making
sure that the lens does not touch the slide.
6) Use the FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB ONLY to further
refine your focus.
ACTIVITIES – CHAPTER 2
2.4 – Using a compound microscope
Inversion
Focusing the compound microscope
Total magnification
Field of View– fill out table – use ruler slide
2.5 – Preparing a Wet Mount
Prepare the prokaryote, Elodea, use for Activity 3
Observation Pond Water
Prepare wet mount of pond water from up front
CELL THEORY
All living organisms are composed of cells
The cell is the basic unit of life
Cells arise from pre-existing cells
Cells contain hereditary information which is passed from
cell to cell during cell division
Scientific Theory: Explanation of some aspect of the natural world that has been
substantiated through repeated experiments or testing.
Examples: Atomic theory, Germ theory, Theory of Evolution, Theory of
Homeostasis, Theory of Gravity, Theory of Molecular Bonds
INTRO CYTOLOGY REVIEW
INTRO CYTOLOGY REVIEW – PROKARYOTES
INTRO CYTOLOGY REVIEW – PROKARYOTES
Prokaryote = “before nucleus”
No nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
Regions of concentrated DNA – Nucleoid
Ribosomes – particles involved in protein synthesis
Flagella – used for movement
Pili – attach to surfaces or exchange genetic
material
ENDOSYMBIOTICTHEORY
ENDOSYMBIOTICTHEORY
Prokaryotic organism is engulfed or parasitizes
early eukaryote
Mitochondria – consume oxygen to extract
energy (ATP) from glucose, produce carbon
dioxide and water.
Chloroplasts – consume water and carbon
dioxide; capture energy from light, transforms
light energy into chemical energy (glucose) and
releases oxygen.
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have their
own DNA.
EUKARYOTES
Protists
Plants
Animals
ACTIVITIES – GROUPS OF 2-3
2.4 – Using a compound microscope
Inversion
Focusing the compound microscope
Total magnification
Field of View– fill out table – use ruler slide
2.5 – Preparing a Wet Mount
Prepare the Elodea, use for Activity 3
4.1 –Prokaryotic VS Eukaryotic Cells
4.2 –Plant VS Animal Cells
Examine and Identify Unknown (Bonus points)
BEFORE LEAVING
Dispose of pipettes in BIOWASTE
Dispose of used slides in can on desk
Put Microscopes Away
Return Keys
Turn in lab