MICROSCOPY AND CELLSBIO 107 – WEEK 2

MICROSCOPY AND CELLS – LEARNING GOALS

Be able to identify the parts of the microscope and

their uses

Be able to correctly use a microscope

Be able to correctly prepare a wet mount

Be able to distinguish prokaryotic from eukaryotic

cells

Be able to distinguish animal from plant cells

MICROSCOPY – THE COMPOUND LIGHT

MICROSCOPE

System of lenses arranged

to produce an enlarged,

focusable image of a

specimen.

MICROSCOPY – THE MICROSCOPE

Illuminating System

• Light source

• Condenser lens

MICROSCOPY – THE MICROSCOPE

Imaging System

• Objective lenses

• Ocular lenses

• Body tube

MICROSCOPY – THE MICROSCOPE

Other parts

• Stage

• Stage clips

• Arm

• Base

• Course adjustment knob

• Fine adjustment knob

MICROSCOPY – RULES AND USE

Always carry upright with one hand under the base and

the other around the arm.

Only clean lenses with lens paper

Always start on low-power objective.

If shifting to a higher power objective, rotate carefully.

Always use fine adjustment knob when using a higher

power objective

USING A COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE

1) Ensure that lowest-power objective is in place.

2) Place specimen on the stage.

3) Adjust slide so that the area of interest is in view.

4) Use the course adjustment knob to focus on the specimen.

5) Slowly rotate the high-power objective into place, making

sure that the lens does not touch the slide.

6) Use the FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB ONLY to further

refine your focus.

ACTIVITIES – CHAPTER 2

2.4 – Using a compound microscope

Inversion

Focusing the compound microscope

Total magnification

Field of View– fill out table – use ruler slide

2.5 – Preparing a Wet Mount

Prepare the prokaryote, Elodea, use for Activity 3

Observation Pond Water

Prepare wet mount of pond water from up front

CELL THEORY

All living organisms are composed of cells

The cell is the basic unit of life

Cells arise from pre-existing cells

Cells contain hereditary information which is passed from

cell to cell during cell division

Scientific Theory: Explanation of some aspect of the natural world that has been

substantiated through repeated experiments or testing.

Examples: Atomic theory, Germ theory, Theory of Evolution, Theory of

Homeostasis, Theory of Gravity, Theory of Molecular Bonds

INTRO CYTOLOGY REVIEW

INTRO CYTOLOGY REVIEW – PROKARYOTES

INTRO CYTOLOGY REVIEW – PROKARYOTES

Prokaryote = “before nucleus”

No nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

Regions of concentrated DNA – Nucleoid

Ribosomes – particles involved in protein synthesis

Flagella – used for movement

Pili – attach to surfaces or exchange genetic

material

ENDOSYMBIOTICTHEORY

ENDOSYMBIOTICTHEORY

Prokaryotic organism is engulfed or parasitizes

early eukaryote

Mitochondria – consume oxygen to extract

energy (ATP) from glucose, produce carbon

dioxide and water.

Chloroplasts – consume water and carbon

dioxide; capture energy from light, transforms

light energy into chemical energy (glucose) and

releases oxygen.

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have their

own DNA.

EUKARYOTES

Protists

Plants

Animals

ACTIVITIES – GROUPS OF 2-3

2.4 – Using a compound microscope

Inversion

Focusing the compound microscope

Total magnification

Field of View– fill out table – use ruler slide

2.5 – Preparing a Wet Mount

Prepare the Elodea, use for Activity 3

4.1 –Prokaryotic VS Eukaryotic Cells

4.2 –Plant VS Animal Cells

Examine and Identify Unknown (Bonus points)

BEFORE LEAVING

Dispose of pipettes in BIOWASTE

Dispose of used slides in can on desk

Put Microscopes Away

Return Keys

Turn in lab