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Molecular Biology
Fig. 10-1a
Head
Tail fiber
DNA
Tail
Fig. 10-1b
Batch 1Radioactiveprotein
Bacterium
Radioactiveprotein
DNA
Phage
Pellet
RadioactiveDNA
Batch 2RadioactiveDNA
Emptyprotein shell
PhageDNA
Centrifuge
Radioactivityin liquid
Measure theradioactivity inthe pellet andthe liquid.
4Centrifuge the mixtureso bacteria form apellet at the bottom ofthe test tube.
3Agitate in a blender toseparate phagesoutside the bacteriafrom the cells andtheir contents.
2Mix radioactivelylabeled phages withbacteria. The phagesinfect the bacterial cells.
1
Pellet
CentrifugeRadioactivityin pellet
DNA Structure
Fig. 10-3b
Fig. 10-3a
Fig. 10-2aa
Sugar(deoxyribose)
Thymine (T)
Nitrogenous base(A, G, C, or T)
Phosphategroup
Fig. 10-2b
Pyrimidines
Guanine (G)Adenine (A)Cytosine (C)Thymine (T)
Purines
Fig. 10-2c
Sugar(ribose)
Uracil (U)
Nitrogenous base(A, G, C, or U)
Phosphategroup
Fig. 10-3da
Basepair
Ribbon model
Fig. 10-4a-3
Parentalmoleculeof DNA
Nucleotides
Both parentalstrands serveas templates
Two identicaldaughter
molecules of DNA
DNA replication occurs during S phase of the Cell Cycle
Fig. 10-4b
Fig. 10-5b
3 end 5 end
3 end5 end
3
5
2
4
13
5
2
41
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Fig. 10-5a
Origin of replication Parental strand
Daughter strand
Bubble
Two daughter DNA molecules
Fig. 10-5c
Parental DNA
35
DNA polymerasemolecule
DNA ligase
35
Overall direction of replication
Daughter strandsynthesizedcontinuously
35
35
Daughter strandsynthesizedin pieces
Protein Synthesis occurs during G0, G1 and G2 of the cell cycle
Fig. 10-6a-3
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
DNA
Transcription
RNA
Translation
Protein
Fig. 10-7a
Polypeptide
Translation
Transcription
DNA strand
Codon
Amino acid
RNA
Fig. 10-9b
TerminatorDNA
DNA of gene
RNA polymerase
Initiation
PromoterDNA
1
Elongation2
Area shownin Figure 10.9A
Termination3 Growing
RNA
RNApolymerase
CompletedRNA
Fig. 10-8a
Fir
st
ba
se
Th
ird
ba
se
Second base
Fig. 10-12a
tRNAmolecules
Growingpolypeptide
Largesubunit
Smallsubunit
mRNA
Fig. 10-12c
mRNA
Next amino acidto be added topolypeptide
Growingpolypeptide
Codons
tRNA
Fig. 10-14-4
Polypeptide
A site
1 Codon recognitionCodons
Aminoacid
Anticodon
P site
mRNA
2 Peptide bondformation
3 Translocation
Newpeptidebond
Stopcodon
mRNAmovement
Mutations
Fig. 10-16a
Normal hemoglobin DNA Mutant hemoglobin DNA
Sickle-cell hemoglobinNormal hemoglobin
mRNAmRNA
ValGlu
Plasmodium falciparum
Fig. 10-16bNormal gene
Protein
Base substitution
Base deletion Missing
mRNA
Met Lys Phe Ser Ala
Met Lys Phe Gly Ala
Met Lys Leu Ala His