molecular biology lecture
TRANSCRIPT
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Molecular Biology
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Fig. 10-1a
Head
Tail fiber
DNA
Tail
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Fig. 10-1b
Batch 1Radioactiveprotein
Bacterium
Radioactiveprotein
DNA
Phage
Pellet
RadioactiveDNA
Batch 2RadioactiveDNA
Emptyprotein shell
PhageDNA
Centrifuge
Radioactivityin liquid
Measure theradioactivity inthe pellet andthe liquid.
4Centrifuge the mixtureso bacteria form apellet at the bottom ofthe test tube.
3Agitate in a blender toseparate phagesoutside the bacteriafrom the cells andtheir contents.
2Mix radioactivelylabeled phages withbacteria. The phagesinfect the bacterial cells.
1
Pellet
CentrifugeRadioactivityin pellet
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DNA Structure
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Fig. 10-3b
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Fig. 10-3a
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Fig. 10-2aa
Sugar(deoxyribose)
Thymine (T)
Nitrogenous base(A, G, C, or T)
Phosphategroup
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Fig. 10-2b
Pyrimidines
Guanine (G)Adenine (A)Cytosine (C)Thymine (T)
Purines
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Fig. 10-2c
Sugar(ribose)
Uracil (U)
Nitrogenous base(A, G, C, or U)
Phosphategroup
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Fig. 10-3da
Basepair
Ribbon model
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Fig. 10-4a-3
Parentalmoleculeof DNA
Nucleotides
Both parentalstrands serveas templates
Two identicaldaughter
molecules of DNA
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DNA replication occurs during S phase of the Cell Cycle
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Fig. 10-4b
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Fig. 10-5b
3 end 5 end
3 end5 end
3
5
2
4
13
5
2
41
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
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Fig. 10-5a
Origin of replication Parental strand
Daughter strand
Bubble
Two daughter DNA molecules
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Fig. 10-5c
Parental DNA
35
DNA polymerasemolecule
DNA ligase
35
Overall direction of replication
Daughter strandsynthesizedcontinuously
35
35
Daughter strandsynthesizedin pieces
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Protein Synthesis occurs during G0, G1 and G2 of the cell cycle
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Fig. 10-6a-3
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
DNA
Transcription
RNA
Translation
Protein
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Fig. 10-7a
Polypeptide
Translation
Transcription
DNA strand
Codon
Amino acid
RNA
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Fig. 10-9b
TerminatorDNA
DNA of gene
RNA polymerase
Initiation
PromoterDNA
1
Elongation2
Area shownin Figure 10.9A
Termination3 Growing
RNA
RNApolymerase
CompletedRNA
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Fig. 10-8a
Fir
st
ba
se
Th
ird
ba
se
Second base
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Fig. 10-12a
tRNAmolecules
Growingpolypeptide
Largesubunit
Smallsubunit
mRNA
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Fig. 10-12c
mRNA
Next amino acidto be added topolypeptide
Growingpolypeptide
Codons
tRNA
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Fig. 10-14-4
Polypeptide
A site
1 Codon recognitionCodons
Aminoacid
Anticodon
P site
mRNA
2 Peptide bondformation
3 Translocation
Newpeptidebond
Stopcodon
mRNAmovement
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Mutations
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Fig. 10-16a
Normal hemoglobin DNA Mutant hemoglobin DNA
Sickle-cell hemoglobinNormal hemoglobin
mRNAmRNA
ValGlu
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Plasmodium falciparum
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Fig. 10-16bNormal gene
Protein
Base substitution
Base deletion Missing
mRNA
Met Lys Phe Ser Ala
Met Lys Phe Gly Ala
Met Lys Leu Ala His