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Mr. Gaccione
• Power point presentation of the cell
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•Cell Structure & Function
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THE CELL THEORY
• The cell is the basic unit of all living things.
• All organisms are composed of one or more cells
• All cells come from pre-existing cells
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Cell discovery• Robert Hooke - discovered cells while looking at cork cells. mid-1600s
• Anton von Leeuwenhoek - discovered life while looking at pond water. mid-1600s
• Mattias Schwann - all animals consists of cells.1830s
• Theodore Schleiden - all plants consists of cells. 1830s
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Cells have many different parts called organelles that work together
to keep it alive.3 main parts of the cell3 main parts of the cell:
1. Nucleus1. Nucleus – The brain. The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It is the largest organelle in the cell and it contains
the nucleolus and DNA.
2. Cell membrane2. Cell membrane –Gives the cell shape & hold the cytoplasm.
3. Cytoplasm3. Cytoplasm – Jellylike material that makes up most of the cell. Most chemical reaction in the cell take place here.
All organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm.
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Three main parts of a cellCYTOPLASM
NUCLEUS
CELL
MEMBRANE
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Other organelles of the cell:Nuclear membraneNuclear membrane – • surrounds the nucleus and separates
it from the rest of the cell.• allows materials in & out of the
nucleus.
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•Has small openings in the nuclear membrane called Pores….
Analogies of a nuclear membrane would be a window screen and pores of the skin.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
ANALOGIES
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NucleolusNucleolus – found within the nucleus.
produces ribosomes.
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Chromosomes Chromosomes – Carries information that determines what traits a living thing will have. Found within
the nucleus. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) contains all the
information for cells to live, perform their functions and reproduce.
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Cell membraneThe fluid mosaic model describes the
structure of the plasma membrane.
Fluid = flexibility. Mosaic = many parts.
The membrane is seen as a bilayer of phospholipids in which protein molecules are
embedded.
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RibosomesRibosomes Found in the cytoplasm, but most are
attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Ribosomes produce proteins.
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Ribosomes• While attached to the ER,
ribosomes produce proteins that are needed in the cell and exported elsewhere in the body.
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Endoplasmic reticulum – A network of membranes throughout the
cytoplasm.
Ribosomes are little factories that send proteins to the ER
Transports materials in & outside the cell. Considered smooth or rough.
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Mitochondria Mitochondria – organelle that converts food molecules
into energy(ATP). Powerhouse of the cell.
The process of cellular _________ occurs here.
respiration
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Mitochondria(continue)
• Every type of cell has a different
amount of mitochondria.
• There are more mitochondria in cells that have to perform lots of work, for example - your leg muscle cells, heart muscle cells etc.
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Vacuole Vacuole – Liquid-filled space that stores food,
water, and wastes.Larger in plant cells.
Gives support - turgor pressure..
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Vacuole under the microscope
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Centrioles Centrioles – Helps with cell reproduction.
Always found in pairs next to the nucleus
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Centrioles align spindle fibers
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Chloroplasts Chloroplasts Found only in plant cells. Contains green pigment (chlorophyll), that traps energy from the sun. Photosynthesis occurs here.
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Cell wall Cell wall Found only in plant cells.
A thick covering outside the cell membrane.
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Cell wall• protects the cellular
contents
• gives support to the plant structure
• provides a porous medium for the circulation and distribution of water, minerals, and other small nutrient molecules
• The cell wall is formed from fibrils of cellulose molecules
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Lysosomes-(lysol) -contains digestive enzymes break down materials, such as worn out cells and bacteria.
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Golgi bodies – Receives proteins from rough ER.
Packages and delivers proteins to needed areas.
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Cytoskeleton - made of microtubules, that give
structure and support to the cell.
-found within the cytoplasm.
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Animal cell vs. Plant cellcentrioles cell wall, chloroplast
& larger vacuole
cytoskeleton
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Differences between Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic
cells
1. Eukaryotic cells have many organelles Prokaryotic lack organelles no nucleus
2 Eukaryotic are much larger than Prokaryotic cells
3 Examples of Eukaryotic cells - animal & plant cells Examples of Prokaryotic cells - bacterial cells
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smooth ER / mitochondria / nucleus / nucleolus / cell membrane centriole / golgi appartatus / cytoskeleton
lysosomes / ribosomes / rough ER / cytoplasm
mitochondria
golgi appartatus
nucleolus
nucleus
centriole
cytoskeleton
cytoplasm
ribosomes
cell membrane
smooth ER
rough ER
lysosomes