Causes of WWI
NationalismAlliancesCompetition
Imperialism Militarism
Assassination of Arch Duke Ferdinand
Underlying Causes of WWI
Nationalism loyalty and devotion to a nation ; especially :
a sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests.
Alliances
• Countries make “deals” with one another to come to the other country's aid when threatened.
• Triple Entente, which included Great Britain, France, and Russia. Became the ALLIED POWERS
•
Triple Alliance, which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. ALL BUT ITALY BECAME THE CENTRAL POWERS
Competition
Imperialism-Countries were competing for resources in colonies.
Militarism• Glorification of the military• Nations started expanding their military• Greater technology of weapons• WWI Firsts — History.com Video
Immediate Start of the War• Chain reaction
• Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand– Visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia– Ethnic Serb who thought Bosnia
should be free shot the Archduke & his wife Sophie
– Austria-Hungary demanded the Serbs give up the murderers-DENIED!
– Russia (allied with Serbia) declared war on Austria -Hungary
– Germany (allied with Austria Hungary) declares war on Russia
Then....– France (allied with Russia)declares war on
Germany– Germany declared war on Belgium to get to
France– Schlieffen Plan
– Great Britain (allied with France and Russia) declared war on Germany for invading Belgium
–BAM! WWI
Schlieffen Plan
Germany thought Russia would take a while to get troops together.
Plan was to invade France through neutral Belgium
Basis of plan was to fight on one front at time
FAIL-Russia got it together quickly The Start of the Great War - YouTube
Battle Fronts for the Central Powers
Fighting battles on several fronts Western Front
France, Britain Eastern Front
Russia South
Romania Serbia
Other Places Dardanelle Strait Middle East Imperial colonies in Africa and the Pacific
Ottoman Empire joins the Central Powers
Turks joined the Central Powers in late October 1914. The Turks then cut off crucial Allied supply lines to Russia through the Dardanelles, a vital strait connecting the Black Sea and the Mediterranean.
Called the battle of Gallipoli
Allies Launch Disastrous Attack at Gallipoli — History.com Video
Arab Front
T. E. Lawrence—later known as Lawrence of Arabia fought for the Allied Powers for the British
History's Raiders: The Adventures of Lawrence of Arabia — History.com Video
Stalemate
• Trench Warfare
• Western Front-Main areas of battle
• But Germany was fighting on several fronts
Total War
Money-1. Governments
raised taxes and borrowed huge amounts of money
2. Rationed Food and Supplies
Total War
Women took over jobs for men, became nurses.
Women of War — History.com Video
Total War
International law allowed wartime blockades to confiscate contraband, or military supplies and raw materials needed to make military supplies, but not items such as food and clothing.
United States and WWI
• Wilson Urges Neutrality– “impartial in thought as well as action”– He did not want cultures in our diverse
nation to have conflict, but immigrants supported their homeland
– Most Americans sided with Britain and France because of our similar culture (English Speaking) and history(France supported us in during the Revolutionary War)
American's Different Opinions
• Germany's attack on neutral Belgium made most people mad
• 3 Opinions Forms– Isolationists-war was none of our
business– Interventionalist- we should intervene
and help the Allies– Internationalists- do not enter the war,
but try to negotiate a peace-this was Woodrow Wilson
Britain Blockade
• British Navy blockade of goods to Germany– Contraband-goods used to fight a war– Britain expanded the definition of
contraband to include everything, even against international law
• German response– Began sinking Allied ships with U-Boats, or
submarines
Sinking of the Lusitania
• Germans sink a passenger ship called the Lusitania on May 17, 1915 off the coast of Ireland– Germans claimed the boat was carrying
ammunition– US condemned Germany for not giving
warning to the ship so passengers could escape, but still did not enter the war
Germany's Promises
• After sinking the Lusitania, Germany promises the U.S. They will not sink any more passenger ships
• By 1916, the promise was broken by the sinking of the French ship Sussex
• Once again, Germany promises not to do it again with the “Sussex Pledge”
Wilson Hopes to stay out of the War
• Wilson wins the 1916 Presidential Election
• Slogan “He kept us out of war!”
America Enters the War
Germany announces “unrestricted submarine warfare”
Zimmerman Note the British intercepted a
message from the German foreign minister, Arthur Zimmermann, to his ambassador in Mexico. In the note, Zimmermann authorized his ambassador to propose that Germany would help Mexico “to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona” in return for Mexican support against the United States.
America Enters the War
The American’s entrance into the war gives added moral boost, troops and money to win the war
William II resigns The new German
government sought an armistice, or agreement to end fighting, with the Allies. At 11 a.m. on November 11, 1918, the Great War at last came to an end.
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Fourteen Points, a list of his terms for resolving this and future wars.
freedom of the seas free trade large-scale reductions of arms an end to secret treaties self-determination for Eastern Europe, the right
of people to choose their own form of government.
creation of a “general association of nations” to keep the peace in the future. (League of Nations)
Paris Peace ConferenceDifferent Goals for Peace
FRANCE
Georges Clemenceau
to weaken Germany so that it could never again threaten France
ENGLAND UNITED STATES
David Lloyd George
to build a postwar Britain “fit for heroes”—a goal that would cost money.
.
Woodrow Wilson
“peace without victory” based on the Fourteen Points
Treaty of Versailles
Germany assumes all blame Germany pays for the costs of the war
called reparations Limited Germany’s military returned Alsace and Lorraine to France removed hundreds of square miles of
territory from western and eastern Germany
stripped Germany of its overseas colonies
Outcome of Peace Settlements
Self-Determination in Eastern Europe Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Hungary
The Mandate System Self Determination not applied to European colonies Colonies in Africa, Japan, Australia and Pacific would
be territories administered by Western powers League of Nations Formed
US did not join Germany would harbor bad feelings that
will lead to another world war…..