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Chemistry andNanomaterials

Carl C. Wamser

Portland State University

Nanomaterials Course - June 27,2006

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Nanoscale = billionths (10-9)

 6 billion people

8000 mile diameter 

10 billion components

8 inch diameter 

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Effects of Nanoscale

Structural differences:

Bulk Carbon

Nanoscale Carbon

arbon Nanotubes

Sumio !i"ima - 1991

60 (#uc$e%ball)

Smalle%& url& 'roto

1996 Nobel rie

*raphite +iamond

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!nstrumentation , !main

. /uantumorral

. 28 3e atomspositioned b%the S45used to

imae them

http://www.nano.gov/html/facts/home_facts.html 

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+imensional !ssues

nm µm mm m

Chemistry 

Biology 

Electronics

molecules polymers supramolecular

assemblies

amino

acids

proteins cells/tissues organisms

  semi-

conductorstransistors integrated

circuitscomputers

ONAMI length scale:

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hemistr% !ssues

. Structure , +%namics , S%nthesis

. Structure-3unction orrelations

. Self-ssembled S%stems

.  pplications:

 7  5aterials

 7  #ioloical

 7  Enironmental

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ranic E+s

Structure-3unction orrelations (emission ;aelenths)

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uantum Effects

3luorescence of cadmium selenide nanoparticles

2 nm < nm

. #and ap depends on particle sie

(number of atoms in the particle)

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hemical #ondin

. 3orces used to assemble structure: 7 !onic

 7 5etallic 7 oalent

 7 -bondin

 7 5etal-liand 7 >an der ?aals

 7 @-@ stac$in

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!onic #ondin

. 5olecular bea$er

epitaA%

. a%er-b%-la%erro;th of

pol%electrol%tes

. 4om 5allou$

enn State B

http:,,;;;CmaprCuclCacCbe,D"onas,omepaeF,Gesearch,ES,ESChtml

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!onic , Electrostatic Effects

.   molecular

eleator 

. Gesponsie to

acid,base

. FC +C #ad"ic& et alC&

 Accts. Chem. Res., 

in pressC

. FC3C Stoddart& B

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!onic , Electrostatic Effects

. onformational 5olecular Gectifiers& C 4roisi and 5C C Gatner& Nano Lett C& 2(2)& H91-H9H (

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5etallic #ondin

meltin point: 1IIJ K'

meltin point: 6H0 K'

*old Statue *old nanoparticles

Nanoscale old has different properties than bul$ old& includin:

appearance& solubilit%& and meltin pointC

thiol stabilied old nanoparticle

old nanoparticles (< nm) in solutionFim utchison& BC reon

http://arkw!ng.uoregon.eu/"hutchlab

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oalent #ondin - arbon

Sinle-;alledcarbon nanotubes:

. armchair - metallic

. ia - semiconductin

. chiral - semiconductin

. multi-;alled - metallic

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oalent #ondin - arbon

arbon nanotubes coated ;ith diamond nanocr%stals

5C C 4erranoa& et alC& Chem. #ater C& 17 (12) pp 3214 - 3220

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%droen #ondin

+N

+ouble

eliA

http://www.havelan.com/ graph!cs/na$%.&pg 

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'$'  Stac$in - iLuid r%stals

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hare-4rappin 5emor% +eice

 iu& -MC #ard& CFC  Acc. Chem. ResC

(1999)& I

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Self-ssembled 5onola%er 

. 5onola%er of

++# on

raphite(didodec%lbenene)

http://www.nanosc!ence.com/eucat!on/galler(/))B_an!.htm

10 nm

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>an der ?aals !nteractions

. S55S

Self-ssembled

5onola%ers on

5esoporous

Supports

*len 3r%Aell& NN

QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompres

are needed to see this pi

http://samms.pnl.gov/ 

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ol%porph%rin !nterfacial 3ilm (thin)

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ol%porph%rin !nterfacial 3ilm (thic$)

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hotos%nthetic Geaction enter 

http://wwwmpibp-!ran"!urtmpgde/#michaelhutter/rcenterhtml

( 1$%% &obel 'rie )( 1$%% &obel 'rie )

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