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Napoleon BonaparteRise and Fall
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Hero of the Revolution
• 1795-Defended the National Convention delegates and became a hero
• 1796- Directory appointed Napoleon to lead French against Austria and Sardinia
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Coup d'état
• 1799 Napoleon with his troops forced out the Directory and became dictator
• A sudden seizure of power is a coup• “blow to the state”
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Napoleonic Code
• Comprehensive system of laws created by Napoleon
• Uniform set of laws and eliminated injustices• Actually limited liberty and promoted order
and authority over individual rights
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Loss of American Territories
• Due to revolts in Saint Domingue and a costly war with the British Napoleon gave up on an American empire
• Louisiana Purchase sale gained money to finance war operations in Europe
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Emperor Napoleon
• 1804 Napoleon took the crown from the pope and crowned himself Emperor of France
• Symbolic gesture showing Napoleon is more powerful than the Church
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War in Europe
• Napoleon looked to expand French Empire across Europe
• Only major defeat at Trafalgar- British Admiral Nelson defeated French fleet ensuring British naval supremacy and prevented England from French invasion
• Napoleon.bmp
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Continental System
• Blockade of European ports to prevent trade with England
• Plan failed and English countered with their own Blockade
• Led to War of 1812 between US and England
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Peninsular War
• Napoleon tried to enforce the Continental System in Spain and Portugal by making his brother King and sending troops
• Fought against guerrillas unsuccessfully
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Scorched-Earth Policy
• Again trying to enforce failed Continental System invaded Russia (ally of France)
• 422,000 French soldiers marched on Russia• As Russians pulled back they burned fields and
killed livestock so the French would have nothing to eat as they advanced
• Early winter set in and the French retreated… they were ambushed by Russians
• Russian March.bmp
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Napoleon Defeated
• Several countries joined forces against France
• April 1814 he surrendered his throne and was exiled to the island of Elba
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Return of Napoleon
• People of France were unhappy with their new king (placed after Napoleon was defeated)
• Napoleon in Elba learned of this and was welcomed back by the French people
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Waterloo
• Napoleon fought the Duke of Wellington (British) and Prussian troops in Belgium
• British and Prussian troops forced Napoleon to retreat
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Hundred Days
• Napoleon’s return to power in France
• Ended with the defeat at Waterloo
• Napoleon was sent to St. Helena to live in exile until he died in 1821