Key
Ste
ps
in t
he
NE
BA
Step
1: I
dent
ify p
oten
tial i
mpa
cts
on e
cosy
stem
ser
vice
s (F
igur
e 5)
Step
2: D
eter
min
e su
itabl
e m
etric
s an
d in
dica
tors
suc
h as
:• E
colo
gica
l Ser
vice
Val
ue (d
isco
unte
d se
rvic
e ac
re y
ear [
dSAY
]; $$
$ pe
r acr
e)• H
uman
Use
Val
ue ($
$$)
• Hum
an R
ecre
atio
n U
se V
alue
(Use
r Day
s/$$
$)• E
cono
mic
Mea
sure
s (e
.g.,
tax
reve
nue
incr
ease
s)At
Site
74,
the
Hab
itat E
quiv
alen
cy A
naly
sis
(HE
A) m
etho
dolo
gy w
as u
sed
to m
easu
re th
e ch
ange
in
ecos
yste
m s
ervi
ces
over
tim
e, g
iven
the
rem
oval
and
land
use
sce
nario
s ev
alua
ted.
With
in th
e H
EA
met
hodo
logy
, one
or m
ore
indi
cato
rs a
re ty
pica
lly s
elec
ted
to re
pres
ent t
he e
colo
gica
l ser
vice
fl ow
s fro
m
a ha
bita
t. Fo
r Site
74,
the
Beld
ing’
s sa
vann
ah s
parro
w a
nd li
ght-f
oote
d cl
appe
r rai
l wer
e se
lect
ed a
s ec
olog
ical
indi
cato
rs.
Step
3: Q
uant
ify th
e ch
ange
s in
spe
cifi c
eco
syst
em s
ervi
ces
At S
ite 7
4, c
hang
es in
eco
syst
em s
ervi
ces
wer
e qu
antifi
ed
as fo
llow
s:• T
he h
abita
t sui
tabi
lity
inde
x (H
SI) w
as d
eter
min
ed fo
r eac
h in
dica
tor s
peci
es;
• The
pre
-con
tam
inat
ion
leve
l of s
ervi
ces
(bas
elin
e) fo
r eac
h ha
bita
t are
a (F
igur
e 6)
was
det
erm
ined
;• T
he H
SI w
as re
duce
d to
acc
ount
for e
xist
ing
cont
amin
atio
n; a
nd
• The
eco
logi
cal s
ervi
ce lo
sses
and
gai
ns fo
r eac
h al
tern
ativ
e w
ere
calc
ulat
ed u
sing
the
appr
oach
de
velo
ped
by N
OA
A. I
n th
e H
EA
, eco
logi
cal s
ervi
ces
are
mea
sure
d in
a m
etric
use
d to
defi
ne
serv
ice
fl ow
s ov
er ti
me.
Thi
s m
etric
is k
now
n as
a s
ervi
ce a
cre
year
(SAY
). Fo
r exa
mpl
e, a
1-a
cre
tidal
mar
sh
dete
rmin
ed to
be
perfe
ct h
abita
t for
the
clap
per r
ail (
an H
SI o
f 1 o
r 100
%) p
rovi
ding
hab
itat f
or th
e cl
appe
r rai
l for
1 y
ear i
s eq
uiva
lent
to o
ne S
AY.
To refl e
ct th
e ne
t pre
sent
val
ue (t
he c
urre
nt v
alue
of
serv
ices
that
will
be re
ceiv
ed a
t a fu
ture
dat
e), S
AY v
alue
s m
ust b
e di
scou
nted
. Th
is d
isco
unte
d va
lue
is re
ferre
d to
as
a dS
AY.
Step
4: A
sses
s th
e ch
ange
s in
eco
syst
em s
ervi
ces
betw
een
alte
rnat
ives
• Rem
oval
Act
ion
Alte
rnat
ives
at S
ite 7
4 m
ay in
clud
e:
- N
o Ac
tion
Alte
rnat
ive
– pr
ovid
es a
bas
elin
e fo
r com
paris
on
- Ex
cava
tion
and
Offs
ite D
ispo
sal
-
Cap
ping
-
Hot
Spo
t Rem
oval
in M
arsh
Are
as• T
he E
ngin
eerin
g Ev
alua
tion
and
Cos
t Ana
lysi
s (E
E/C
A) E
valu
atio
n C
riter
ia in
clud
e:
- Ef
fect
iven
ess
-
Impl
emen
tabi
lity
-
Cos
tFi
gure
7 s
how
s th
e ris
k re
duct
ion
unde
r eac
h re
mov
al a
ctio
n al
tern
ativ
e as
it re
late
s to
cos
t and
eco
logi
cal
serv
ice
loss
es. B
ecau
se th
e N
EBA
is c
urre
ntly
und
er re
view
with
the
U.S
. Nav
y, th
is is
a h
ypot
hetic
al
diag
ram
of t
he N
EBA
resu
lts. F
or th
is e
xam
ple,
it w
as a
ssum
ed th
at th
ere
are
no h
uman
-use
ser
vice
s at
th
e si
te. T
his
diag
ram
is u
sed
in th
e N
EBA
to d
eter
min
e a
brea
k po
int a
t whi
ch a
n al
tern
ativ
e is
pro
tect
ive
(i.e.
, ris
ks a
re m
anag
ed) a
nd e
nviro
nmen
tal l
osse
s an
d re
mov
al a
ctio
n co
sts
are
min
imiz
ed.
Val
ue
of
the
NE
BA
Ap
pro
ach
The
NEB
A ap
proa
ch is
a v
alua
ble
tool
for r
isk
and
rest
orat
ion
man
ager
s be
caus
e it:
• use
s qu
antifi
abl
e m
etric
s pr
ovid
ing
a ju
stifi
able
ba
sis
for d
ecis
ions
,• u
ses
met
hodo
logi
es th
at a
re c
onsi
sten
t with
the
polic
y an
d di
rect
ion
of n
atur
al re
sour
ce a
genc
ies,
• s
how
s be
nefi t
s to
the
publ
ic a
nd d
emon
stra
tes
envi
ronm
enta
l sus
tain
abilit
y, a
nd• a
llow
s fo
r im
prov
ed e
nviro
nmen
tal m
anag
emen
t and
en
viro
nmen
tal s
tew
ards
hip
at lo
wer
cos
ts.
Ack
now
led
gem
ents
Nav
al W
eapo
ns S
tatio
n Se
al B
each
Nav
al F
acilit
ies
Engi
neer
ing
Com
man
d So
uthw
est
Ne
t E
nv
iro
nm
en
tal
Be
ne
fit
An
aly
sis
(N
EB
A):
Ne
t E
nv
iro
nm
en
tal
Be
ne
fit
An
aly
sis
(N
EB
A):
Us
es
in
Re
me
dia
tio
n/R
es
tora
tio
n D
ec
isio
n-m
ak
ing
fo
r a
Fo
rm
er S
ke
et
Ra
ng
eU
se
s i
n R
em
ed
iati
on
/Re
sto
ra
tio
n D
ec
isio
n-m
ak
ing
fo
r a
Fo
rm
er S
ke
et
Ra
ng
e
Chr
istin
e A
rena
l1 , Lin
da S
ands
2 , Pei
-Fen
Tam
ashi
ro3 , J
enni
fer
Sulli
van4 , S
i Le4 , a
nd B
ryan
t Won
g2
1 CH
2M H
ILL, S
acra
men
to, C
A, U
SA 2 C
H2M
HILL
, San
ta A
na, C
A, U
SA 3 N
aval
Wea
pons
Sta
tion
Seal
Bea
ch, S
eal B
each
, CA
, USA
4 Nav
al F
acili
ties
Engi
neer
ing
Com
man
d So
uthw
est,
San
Die
go, C
A, U
SA
Intr
od
ucti
on
Site
74
is a
form
er s
keet
rang
e th
at w
as c
onst
ruct
ed in
the
late
196
0s a
nd
oper
ated
for a
bout
25
year
s (F
igur
e 1)
. The
se a
ctiv
ities
hav
e re
sulte
d in
w
ides
prea
d di
strib
utio
n of
sol
id le
ad s
hot a
nd b
roke
n cl
ay ta
rget
s. T
he s
ite
cons
ists
of a
bout
23.
4 ac
res,
with
10.
4 ac
res
of u
plan
d ha
bita
t and
13 a
cres
of m
arsh
hab
itat d
ivid
ed b
y C
ase
Roa
d (F
igur
e 2)
. Th
e te
rrest
rial h
abita
t loc
ated
eas
t of C
ase
Roa
d is
pre
dom
inan
tly
cove
red
with
shr
ubs
and
tall
gras
ses,
thou
gh s
ome
area
s ar
e de
void
of
vege
tatio
n. W
est o
f Cas
e R
oad,
the
mar
sh/ti
dal h
abita
t is
dom
inat
ed b
y sa
ltwor
t, sh
oreg
rass
, est
uary
sea
blite
, and
cor
dgra
ss a
nd is
loca
ted
with
in
the
Seal
Bea
ch N
atio
nal W
ildlif
e R
efug
e (N
WR)
. Ext
ensi
ve s
ampl
ing
at
the
site
indi
cate
d th
at le
ad a
nd a
ntim
ony
conc
entra
tions
in th
e so
il an
d se
dim
ent r
ange
d as
follo
ws:
– So
il C
once
ntra
tions
: Pb:
5 to
80,
300
mg/
kg; S
b: 0
.1 to
3,9
30 m
g/kg
– Se
dim
ent C
once
ntra
tions
: Pb:
8.7
to 1
54,0
00 m
g/kg
; Sb:
19.
8 to
2,
980
mg/
kg
Res
ults
of t
he T
ier I
I Eco
logi
cal R
isk
Asse
ssm
ent i
ndic
ated
risk
s fro
m
antim
ony
and
lead
exp
osur
e to
resi
dent
bird
s an
d m
amm
als,
and
risk
s fro
m le
ad s
hot t
o bi
rds.
Lea
d an
d an
timon
y co
ncen
tratio
ns in
sed
imen
t al
so p
ose
a ris
k to
sed
imen
t inv
erte
brat
es. B
ecau
se p
ortio
ns o
f the
site
fe
ll w
ithin
the
Seal
Bea
ch N
WR
and
pro
vide
d ha
bita
t for
the
fede
rally
en
dang
ered
ligh
t-foo
ted
clap
per r
ail a
nd th
e st
ate-
enda
nger
ed B
eldi
ng’s
sava
nnah
spa
rrow
(als
o a
fede
ral c
andi
date
spe
cies
), th
e im
pact
s of
po
tent
ial r
emov
al a
ctiv
ities
wer
e a
conc
ern.
The
chal
leng
e w
as to
stri
ke a
bal
ance
bet
wee
n th
e ris
ks to
wild
life
from
con
tam
inan
t exp
osur
e an
d ha
bita
t los
s or
dis
rupt
ion
to s
ensi
tive
spec
ies
caus
ed b
y th
e re
mov
al a
ctio
n. U
sing
a p
roce
ss d
escr
ibed
as
a N
et E
nviro
nmen
tal B
enefi
ts A
naly
sis
(NEB
A), a
rang
e of
act
ions
, inc
ludi
ng
exca
vatio
n an
d of
fsite
dis
posa
l of c
onta
min
ated
sed
imen
ts a
nd s
oils
, ca
ppin
g, a
nd h
ot-s
pot r
emov
al in
mar
sh a
reas
, in
com
paris
on to
the
no-
actio
n al
tern
ativ
e w
ere
eval
uate
d fo
r Site
74.
Add
ition
ally,
rest
orat
ion/
crea
tion
of a
nea
rby
wet
land
was
con
side
red
as m
itiga
tion
for h
abita
t los
s w
ithin
the
mar
sh a
reas
of t
he s
ite a
nd is
incl
uded
in th
e N
EBA
.
Figu
re 1
. Site
74,
Old
Ske
et R
ange
Ligh
t-foo
ted
Clap
per R
ail
Bel
ding
’s Sa
vann
ah S
parr
ow
Figu
re 2
. Site
Map
Figu
re 5
. Eco
syst
em S
ervi
ces
Figu
re 6
. Hab
itat D
elin
eatio
n M
ap
Figu
re 7
. Hyp
othe
tical
Rem
oval
Act
ion
Alte
rnat
ives
Eva
luat
ion
Th
e N
EB
A P
roce
ss a
s A
pp
lied
to
Sit
e 74
Whe
n th
e U
.S. N
avy
set o
ut to
cle
an u
p th
e fo
rmer
Nav
al
Wea
pons
Sta
tion
Seal
Bea
ch s
keet
rang
e in
Cal
iforn
ia, i
t ne
eded
an
obje
ctiv
e w
ay to
eva
luat
e th
e tra
deof
fs a
mon
g ec
olog
ical
ben
efi ts
and
cos
t. W
hile
cos
t pro
vide
s a
clea
r m
easu
re o
f val
ue, e
colo
gica
l ben
efi ts
are
not
as
easy
to p
in
dow
n. T
he N
EBA
proc
ess
was
sel
ecte
d to
qua
ntify
eco
logi
cal
benefi t
s an
d pr
ovid
e a
basi
s fo
r com
parin
g tra
deof
fs. N
EBA
eval
uate
s an
d co
mpa
res
rem
oval
act
ion
alte
rnat
ives
with
in a
n ob
ject
ive
anal
ytic
al fr
amew
ork.
In th
is p
roce
ss, f
acto
rs s
uch
as
impa
irmen
t fro
m c
onta
min
atio
n, h
abita
t qua
lity,
reco
very
rate
s fo
r hab
itat a
nd p
rey
item
s, a
nd o
ther
spe
cies
or e
cosy
stem
m
etric
s ar
e us
ed to
cal
cula
te a
n ec
olog
ical
ser
vice
val
ue fo
r the
si
te. I
n th
is w
ay, t
he N
EBA
quan
tifi e
s an
d co
mpa
res
ecos
yste
m
serv
ice
benefi t
s an
d/or
loss
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith a
ltern
ativ
e re
mov
al a
ctio
ns a
nd re
stor
atio
n ac
tiviti
es. I
t hel
ps id
entif
y cl
eanu
p al
tern
ativ
es th
at p
rovi
de th
e be
st c
ombi
natio
n of
pub
lic,
natu
ral r
esou
rce,
and
cos
t ben
efi ts
.
EPA
guid
ance
dire
cts
that
the
pote
ntia
l eco
logi
cal i
mpa
cts
of
clea
nup
mus
t be
cons
ider
ed. T
here
fore
, the
Rem
edia
l Act
ion
Obj
ectiv
es (R
AOs)
for S
ite 7
4 w
ere
to:
• red
uce
futu
re e
xpos
ure
of h
uman
and
eco
logi
cal r
ecep
tors
to
con
tam
inat
ed s
oil a
nd s
edim
ent i
n a
cost
-effe
ctiv
e m
anne
r,• c
ompl
y w
ith A
pplic
able
or R
elev
ant a
nd A
ppro
pria
te
Req
uire
men
ts (A
RAR
s), a
nd• b
alan
ce ri
sk to
eco
logi
cal r
ecep
tors
from
con
tam
inat
ed s
oil
and
sedi
men
t aga
inst
the
harm
from
the
habi
tat l
oss
and
disr
uptio
n ca
used
by
the
rem
edia
tion
or re
mov
al e
fforts
Ove
rall
Goa
ls
•Min
imiz
e N
RI t
hrou
gh re
med
ial s
trate
gy•M
anag
e sh
ort a
nd lo
ng-te
rm ri
sks
•Red
uce
time
to re
solu
tion
(tran
sact
ion
cost
s)
•Red
uce
stud
y co
sts,
impr
ove
desi
gn (e
.g.,
eco-
risk)
Para
llel T
rack
Rem
edia
l Inv
estig
atio
nH
uman
Hea
lth/E
co R
isk
Ass
essm
ent
EE
/CA
, FS
RO
DR
emed
ial A
ctio
nO
&M
Cle
anup
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
e In
jury
NR
I
Ove
rall
Goa
ls
•Min
imiz
e N
RI t
hrou
gh re
med
ial s
trate
gy•M
anag
e sh
ort a
nd lo
ng-te
rm ri
sks
•Red
uce
time
to re
solu
tion
(tran
sact
ion
cost
s)
•Red
uce
stud
y co
sts,
impr
ove
desi
gn (e
.g.,
eco-
risk)
Para
llel T
rack
Para
llel T
rack
Rem
edia
l Inv
estig
atio
nH
uman
Hea
lth/E
co R
isk
Ass
essm
ent
EE
/CA
, FS
RO
DR
emed
ial A
ctio
nO
&M
Cle
anup
Rem
edia
l Inv
estig
atio
nH
uman
Hea
lth/E
co R
isk
Ass
essm
ent
EE
/CA
, FS
RO
DR
emed
ial A
ctio
nO
&M
Cle
anup
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
e In
jury
NR
I
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
e In
jury
NR
I
Mar
gina
l R
isks
/Unc
erta
inty
Effo
rt/C
ost (
$)
Concentration/Risk
Crit
erio
n Le
vel
Hig
h R
isk
Area
s Low
er %
Hig
her %
Larg
er
Red
uctio
n in
Ris
k
Smal
ler R
educ
tion
in R
isk
•Pro
vide
s fo
rmal
bas
isfo
r alte
rnat
ive
sele
ctio
n us
ing
quan
tifia
ble
met
rics
•Allo
ws
For o
ffset
ting
rest
orat
ion
•Ass
ists
with
risk
m
anag
emen
t dec
isio
ns
NEB
A: C
ompa
res
resi
dual
risk
s in
m
argi
nal a
reas
to
gain
s fro
m a
ltern
ativ
e im
plem
enta
tion
Mar
gina
l R
isks
/Unc
erta
inty
Mar
gina
l R
isks
/Unc
erta
inty
Mar
gina
l R
isks
/Unc
erta
inty
Effo
rt/C
ost (
$)
Concentration/Risk
Crit
erio
n Le
vel
Crit
erio
n Le
vel
Hig
h R
isk
Area
s
Hig
h R
isk
Area
s Low
er %
Low
er %
Hig
her %
Hig
her %
Larg
er
Red
uctio
n in
Ris
k
Larg
er
Red
uctio
n in
Ris
k
Smal
ler R
educ
tion
in R
isk
Smal
ler R
educ
tion
in R
isk
•Pro
vide
s fo
rmal
bas
isfo
r alte
rnat
ive
sele
ctio
n us
ing
quan
tifia
ble
met
rics
•Allo
ws
For o
ffset
ting
rest
orat
ion
•Ass
ists
with
risk
m
anag
emen
t dec
isio
ns
NEB
A: C
ompa
res
resi
dual
risk
s in
m
argi
nal a
reas
to
gain
s fro
m a
ltern
ativ
e im
plem
enta
tion
NEB
A: C
ompa
res
resi
dual
risk
s in
m
argi
nal a
reas
to
gain
s fro
m a
ltern
ativ
e im
plem
enta
tion
Figu
re 3
. Coo
rdin
ated
App
roac
h to
Ass
essm
ent,
Rem
edia
tion
and
Rest
orat
ion
Figu
re 4
. Cle
anup
to C
riter
ion
(Cos
t/Ben
efi t)
This
gui
danc
e an
d th
e R
AOs
for S
ite 7
4 ar
e be
st a
ddre
ssed
thro
ugh
a co
ordi
nate
d ap
proa
ch to
ass
essm
ent,
rem
edia
tion
and
rest
orat
ion
(Fig
ure
3). T
he N
EBA
prov
ides
form
ally
qua
ntifi
ed v
alue
s us
ing
agen
cy-
appr
oved
tool
s an
d te
chni
ques
dev
elop
ed b
y th
e N
atio
nal O
cean
ic
and
Atm
osph
eric
Adm
inis
tratio
n (N
OA
A) to
qua
ntify
and
com
pare
ec
osys
tem
ser
vice
ben
efi ts
and
/or l
osse
s as
soci
ated
with
a re
med
ial,
rem
oval
, or r
esto
ratio
n ac
tion.
The
goa
ls o
f the
NEB
A in
clud
e:• q
uant
ifi ca
tion
of e
cosy
stem
ben
efi ts
of a
n ac
tion,
• com
paris
on o
f ben
efi ts
bet
wee
n ac
tions
, and
• mod
ifi ca
tion
of a
ctio
ns to
max
imiz
e be
nefi t
s
A N
EBA
is u
sefu
l whe
n th
e ba
lanc
e of
risk
s an
d be
nefi t
s fro
m
rem
edia
tion
of a
site
is a
mbi
guou
s. T
hat a
mbi
guity
aris
es w
hen:
• the
site
reta
ins
sign
ifi ca
nt e
colo
gica
l val
ue,
• rem
edia
l or r
emov
al a
ctio
ns a
re e
nviro
nmen
tally
dam
agin
g • e
co-r
isks
are
rela
tivel
y sm
all,
unce
rtain
, or l
imite
d to
a c
ompo
nent
of
the
ecos
yste
m,
• rem
edia
tion
or re
stor
atio
n m
ay fa
il, a
nd
• cos
ts a
ppea
r to
be d
ispr
opor
tiona
te to
risk
redu
ctio
n (b
enefi
t)
Site
74
has
sens
itive
hab
itat t
hat m
ay re
tain
sig
nifi c
ant e
colo
gica
l val
ue
to p
rote
cted
wild
life,
and
rem
edia
l or r
emov
al a
ctio
ns (e
xcav
atio
n an
d re
mov
al a
nd/o
r cap
ping
) are
exp
ecte
d to
be
envi
ronm
enta
lly d
amag
ing.
Th
e N
EBA
prov
ides
a fo
rmal
bas
is fo
r alte
rnat
ive
sele
ctio
n us
ing
quan
tifi a
ble
met
rics,
allo
ws
for o
ffset
ting
rest
orat
ion,
and
ass
ists
with
ris
k m
anag
emen
t dec
isio
ns. A
NEB
A is
par
ticul
arly
use
ful i
n co
mpa
ring
resi
dual
risk
s in
mar
gina
l are
as to
gai
ns fr
om a
ltern
ativ
e im
plem
enta
tion
(Fig
ure
4).
100
200
300
400
Ecological Service Loss(dSAYs)
Remedial Cost($ millions)
Concentration/Risk
Human Use Value Loss($ millions)
AL
TE
RN
AT
IVE
No
Actio
nAl
tern
ativ
e A
Alte
rnat
ive
B
00
0.5
1.0
1.5
2510 0Al
tern
ativ
e C
1530
Not
e: It
was
ass
umed
that
ther
e ar
e no
hum
an-u
se s
ervi
ces
at th
is h
ypot
hetic
al s
ite.
Prot
ectiv
e
Not
Prot
ectiv
e
Bre
ak P
oint
Alte
rnat
ive
Prot
ectiv
e, R
isks
Man
aged
Bet
wee
n A
lt B
and
C, t
here
is a
larg
e di
ffer
entia
l cos
t for
a m
argi
nal c
hang
e in
risk
100
200
300
400
Ecological Service Loss(dSAYs)
Remedial Cost($ millions)
Concentration/Risk
Human Use Value Loss($ millions)
AL
TE
RN
AT
IVE
No
Actio
nAl
tern
ativ
e A
Alte
rnat
ive
B
00
0.5
1.0
1.5
2510 0Al
tern
ativ
e C
1530
Not
e: It
was
ass
umed
that
ther
e ar
e no
hum
an-u
se s
ervi
ces
at th
is h
ypot
hetic
al s
ite.
Prot
ectiv
e
Not
Prot
ectiv
e
Bre
ak P
oint
Alte
rnat
ive
Prot
ectiv
e, R
isks
Man
aged
Bet
wee
n A
lt B
and
C, t
here
is a
larg
e di
ffer
entia
l cos
t for
a m
argi
nal c
hang
e in
risk
Hab
itat
Dire
ct H
uman
Use
s (e
.g.,
Rec
reat
iona
l, C
omm
erci
al)
Bird
wat
chin
gFi
shin
gSw
imm
ing
Hun
ting
Com
mer
cial
Fis
hing
Exis
tenc
e va
lue
Aest
hetic
val
uePr
eser
vatio
n of
div
ersi
tyTh
reat
ened
& E
ndan
gere
d Sp
ecie
s
Pass
ive
Use
Ecol
ogic
al
Nes
ting
Area
for B
irds
Bree
ding
Are
aEr
osio
n C
ontro
lW
ater
Qua
lity
Enha
ncem
ent
Man
y O
ther
s
Serv
ices
Func
tions
a n
atur
al
reso
urce
(e.g
., ha
bita
t) pr
ovid
es fo
r oth
er
reso
urce
s an
d fo
r hu
man
s. Hab
itat
Hab
itat
Dire
ct H
uman
Use
s (e
.g.,
Rec
reat
iona
l, C
omm
erci
al)
Bird
wat
chin
gFi
shin
gSw
imm
ing
Hun
ting
Com
mer
cial
Fis
hing
Dire
ct H
uman
Use
s (e
.g.,
Rec
reat
iona
l, C
omm
erci
al)
Bird
wat
chin
gFi
shin
gSw
imm
ing
Hun
ting
Com
mer
cial
Fis
hing
Exis
tenc
e va
lue
Aest
hetic
val
uePr
eser
vatio
n of
div
ersi
tyTh
reat
ened
& E
ndan
gere
d Sp
ecie
s
Pass
ive
Use
Ecol
ogic
al
Nes
ting
Area
for B
irds
Bree
ding
Are
aEr
osio
n C
ontro
lW
ater
Qua
lity
Enha
ncem
ent
Man
y O
ther
s
Serv
ices
Func
tions
a n
atur
al
reso
urce
(e.g
., ha
bita
t) pr
ovid
es fo
r oth
er
reso
urce
s an
d fo
r hu
man
s.
Serv
ices
Func
tions
a n
atur
al
reso
urce
(e.g
., ha
bita
t) pr
ovid
es fo
r oth
er
reso
urce
s an
d fo
r hu
man
s.
Case Road Case Road
Mar
sh H
abita
t
ES07
2009
003S
AC
