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Empowerment of women
Submitted To-
Prof. C.S.Balasubramaniam
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Group members
Names
Amol Kadam
Mansi Palve Mayur Gharat
Sameer Pawar
Shraddha Pophale
Roll No.
28
3821
46
47
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Empowerment
Empowerment refers to increasing the
spiritual, political, social, educational, gender,
or economic strength of individuals andcommunities.
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Concept Of Empowerment
Social Inclusion Key to Empowerment
Gender Equality and Womens Empowerment
Powerful and Empowerment
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Process of Empowerment
RESOURCE AGENCY OUTCOME
Female work
partipication
Women as agents
of change
Enhanced
/Autonomy in
decision making
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Economic Benefits Of Women
Empowerment
Most women across the globe rely on the informal work sector foran income. If women were empowered to do more and be more; the
possibility for economic growth becomes apparent. Eliminating asignificant part of a nations work force on the sole basis of gendercan have detrimental effects on the economy of that nation.In
addition, female participation in counsels, groups, and businesses isseen to increase efficiency. For a general idea on how an empoweredwomen can impact a situation monetarily, a study found that offortune 500 companies, those with more women board directorshad significantly higher financial returns, including 53 percenthigher returns on equity, 24 percent higher returns on sales and 67
percent higher returns on invested capital (OECD, 2008).This studyshows the impact women can have on the overall economic benefitsof a company. If implemented on a global scale, the inclusion ofwomen in the formal workforce (like a fortune 500 company) canincrease the economic output of a nation.
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Barriers Of Women Empowerment
Many of the barriers to women empowerment andequity lie ingrained into the cultures of certainnations and societies. Many women feel these
pressures, while others have become accustomedto being treated inferior to men. Even ifmen, legislators, NGOs, etc. are aware of thebenefits women empowerment and participation
can have, many are scared of disrupting the statusquo and continue to let societal norms get in theway of development.
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Model of Empowerment of Women
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Work Participation of Women and
Autonomy in Decision Making
Hyperlink of table no. 1
From the Table 1 following points emerge:
Participation in decision-making was found higher for
the working women as compared to the non-workingwomen in all aspects of household decision making.Higher the participation in decision making higher isthe degree of autonomy. Still one needs to look intothe nature of this participation of women.
The magnitude of decision making varies across trivialissues, issues related to own self, issues related tochildren and critical issues.
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Magnitude of Autonomy in Decision
Making Hyperlink of table no. 2
From the above chart following points are emerged-
For matters relating children autonomy were highest. All working
women had autonomy in issues relating to children. Only 5% non-
working women were not allowed or did not take part in decisionmaking.
In case of issues classified as trivial issues the female participation in
decision making is extremely high among working women whereas 9%
non-working women did not enjoy autonomy in such issues.
For the issues related to own self autonomy ranged roughly between 10to 20 percent. Autonomy in going for outing or visiting
friends/relative/parents i.e., freedom of mobility was most restricted.
On health issues around 66 percent non-workers made joint decisions.
Independent decision making in own health related issues was almost
double for workers.
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Autonomy in Decision Making
among Working Women Hyperlink of table no. 3
Decision making was most restricted in financial matters.Around 25-50 percent women did not participate in suchdecisions with variations in the levels of participation with
respect to their status. Around 40 percent non-workingwomen did not participate in decision-making in financialmatters relating to borrowing money for householddemands, starting business and paying back debts.
The Table 2 has been developed to show very clearly the
magnitude of participation or autonomy in decision makingand variations according to various issues concerned. Thefacts revealed from this table reiterate the findings inferredfrom the previous table.
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Women Often Beaten
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Always Sometimes Never Always Sometimes Never
Levels of Assertiveness
%o
fRespondentsOftenBeat
en
WORKER NON-WORKER
Women Often Beaten
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Women Beaten Sometimes
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Always Sometimes Never Always Sometimes Never
Levels of Assertiveness
%o
fRespondetnsBeatenSom
etimes
WORKER NON-WORKER
Women Beaten Sometimes
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Women Never Beaten
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Always Sometimes Never Always Sometimes Never
Levels of Assertiveness
%of
WomenNeverBea
ten
WORKER NON-WORKER
Women Never Beaten
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Case Study: Kushla Devi
Village: Kanakpur, Tehsil: Handia, Age: 35 years
Kuhsla is a mother of seven children (still expecting another).
She works in others fields for petty wages (Rs.30 a day or five kg paddy
or wheat) apart form bidi making for which she earns a paltry sum of
Rs.28 for 1000 bidis. Her husband off and on job as a painter mostly
within the village premises. His income hardly meets the domestic
requirements as most of his earnings is spent on drinking, gambling andother vices. Thus, the whole burden of familys sustenance is on
Shushila.
When asked, D;k bl le; vki vius [kku-iku dk /;ku j[krh gS? She bluntly
says, my children have not had proper diet for days. When I cant meet
feed my children a proper meal a day how do you expect me to eat!Interestingly Kushla fought for the post of pradhan in the
panchayat elections on being provoked by her husband. Paradoxical to
what is viewed of an empowered female pradhan, Shushila does not
even know about her family indebtedness. She blindly okays her
husband and puts signature (which she can crudely make) on anydocument.
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