Download - Oil Spill Shoreline Clean-up
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Oil Spill Shoreline Clean-up
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Course Outline Safety issues surrounding shoreline
operations What SCAT is and how it affects shoreline
operations Shoreline response techniques
◦ What they are◦ Operational effectiveness◦ Environmental impact
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Course Outline (continued)
Logistical support for shoreline operations Field training
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Shoreline Supervisor
Must methodically organize a long term, efficient response
Must ensure all personnel adhere to strict code for minimizing environmental impacts
Must assess all hazards and ensure personnel are safe
The most important position on the beach
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First Aid Requirements
WCMRC follows all WorkSafeBC standards and requirements: ◦Occupational First Aid Level-1 on all
crews◦Occupational First Aid Level-3 at any spill
site over 20 minutes from a health facilities
◦Occupational First Aid Level-3 at any spill site with 20 or more workers
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Shoreline Safety
Personnel training requirements◦Site Specific Safety Rules◦Evacuation Route(s) ◦Emergency Notification Procedures
Initial safety assessment
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Shoreline Safety (continued)
Daily Tailgate Safety Briefings◦Everyone MUST attend ◦Sign Accountability Sheet
Safety watch/obligation to subcontractors
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Shoreline Response PPE Requirements depend
on risk:◦ Hardhat◦ Safety glasses◦ Steel toe boots◦ Disposable raingear◦ Gloves and liners◦ Rubber boots◦ PFD
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Typical Shoreline Safety Hazards
Slips, trips and falls Sharp edges and cuts Inclement weather Physical exhaustion Improper working
technique
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Shoreline Safety Hazards cont.
Ingestion hazards Tidal concerns Working around
moving vehicles and equipment
Wildlife encounters
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Personnel Decontamination
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“Dry” Shoreline Decon Station
Establish parameter boundary
Logical progression Collect waste Leave reusable
equipment in “hot zone”
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Decon Procedures Tool/Equipment Drop
◦ Left in hot zone for reuse◦ Cleaned by entrants so as to not further
contaminate support zone
Gross Decon◦ As much contamination is removed as possible◦ Usually done by physical means◦ Contain all runoff water◦ Entrant assist with gross decon to reduce
contamination to other personnel
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Decon Procedures Wash and Rinse Station
◦ Chemical solution used to neutralize the contaminant or to ease with removal from entrant’s PPE
◦ Usually a pre-mixed solution and brushes
◦ Scrub entire person
◦ Rinse off neutralizing chemicals with clean water
◦ Control all runoff water
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Decon Procedures Removal of Outer Clothing and PPE
◦ Rainsuit, boots, outer gloves, face splash-shield, safety glasses, respirator removed and disposed of
◦ Segregate if possible
Inner Clothing Removal◦ Only if necessary
Medical Monitoring◦ Only if necessary
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Decon Procedures
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Decon Procedures
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Prepackaged Decon Station
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Special Shoreline Safety IssuesRemote/Isolated Shoreline Considerations
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Special Shoreline Safety Issues
• Fixed wing floatplane• Helicopter• Crew boat
How will shoreline workers be transported to the site?
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Special Shoreline Safety Issues
• Poor weather shelter • Toilet facilities• Overnight accommodations
How will shoreline workers be cared for once they have been left on-site?
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Role of Helicopters and Shoreline Response Operations
Personnel transport
Logistical transport
Observation Medical
emergencies
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Helicopters Safety Issues
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Special Shoreline Safety IssuesHelicopters
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Special Shoreline Safety IssuesHelicopters and Sling-loading
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Role of ATVs and Shoreline Response Operations
Personnel transport Logistical transport Observation Medical emergencies
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Special Shoreline Safety IssuesATVs
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Special Shoreline Safety IssuesNight Operations
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SCAT: What is it?Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Team
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Special SCAT Considerations Sub tidal habitats Birds Marine Mammals Terrestrial Mammals Terrestrial Plants Fish and Shellfish Reptiles
Recreation Management Area
(nature preserves, parks, refuges)
Resource Extraction (commercial fishing areas, water intakes, seafood harvest sites)
Cultural Resources
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SCAT
Check effectiveness of shoreline response technique
Monitor progress of total shoreline clean-up
Ensure minimal environmental impact of response technique
Impact to Shoreline Response Operations
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Special Shoreline Response Issues Wildlife
◦ Birds
◦ Marine Mammals
◦ Do not touch, whether alive or dead
◦ Flag with stake and report to Wildlife unit
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Special Shoreline Response Issues (continued)
Archaeological/Cultural Resources◦ Response operations may uncover
undiscovered archaeological features or artifacts
◦ Vandalizing or taking resources is prohibited
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Public Interaction and the Media◦ Access to shoreline
◦ Adjacent neighbors
◦ Keep a cool head and refer to ICP for comments
Special Shoreline Response Issues (continued)
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Shoreline Response Techniques
Natural recovery (No action)
Manual removal Sediment removal Passive collection Flushing
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Shoreline Response Techniques (continued)
Vacuum Sediment reworking Excavation, Cleansing,
and Replacement Vegetation cutting Shoreline treatment
(dispersants)
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Natural Recovery
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Manual Removal
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Manual Removal
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Operational Effectiveness
Shoreline Types◦ Exposed rocky
shoreline
◦ Wave cut platforms and tidal pools
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Operational Effectiveness
Shoreline Types◦ Gravel beach
◦ Man made shoreline and rip-rap
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Operational Effectiveness
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Minimizing Environmental Impact
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Sediment Removal
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Operational Effectiveness Shoreline Types
◦ Fine Grain Beach◦ Course Grain Beach◦ Mixed Sand and Gravel
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Operational EffectivenessOil Burial/Penetration
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Minimizing Environmental Impact
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Passive Collection
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Passive Collection
High Tide Line
45’ 45’ 45’ 45’ 45’
45’ 45’ 45’ 45’
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Passive Collection
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Operational Effectiveness
Shoreline Types◦ Exposed rocky
shoreline
◦ Mixed sand and gravel beach
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Operational Effectiveness
Shoreline Types◦ Gravel beach
◦ Man Made (Rip-Rap)
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Operational Effectiveness
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Operational Effectiveness
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Minimizing Environmental Impact
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Flooding/Deluge
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Low Volume Flushing
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Operational Effectiveness
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Minimizing Environmental Impact
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Vacuum
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Sediment Reworking
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Vegetation Cutting
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Shoreline Treatment
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Personnel/Equipment Requirements
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Personnel/Equipment Requirements
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Logistic Support
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Transportation of Personnel and Equipment Logistic Support
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ConsumablesLogistic Support
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Interim Disposal Sites Logistic Support
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Interim Disposal Sites
How many bags would be produced in this picture?
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Waste Generation
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Any Questions?
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The Basics of Booming
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Booming operations are necessary for a variety of reasons including:• Containment and concentration of spilled oil on
water
• Deflection, to keep the oil away from sensitive areas
and
• Diversion, to move the oil to an area where it can be more easily recovered
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General Purpose Boom Components
Freeboard
Total Draft
Floatation
Ballast/Tension Member
ASTMBoomConnector
Top Tensioner
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Deflection BoomingThe objective of Deflection Boom is to direct oil away from a location to be protected or simply to change the course of the slick
“Deflection” is used to describe the tactic where oil is redirected away from an area but not recovered
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Tactical Description
The Deflection Boom tactic is for water-born spills where there is some current, usually from 0.5 to 3.0 knots
The boom is placed at an optimum angle to the oil trajectory, using the movement of the current to carry oil along the boom and then releasing it into the current again with a new trajectory
The angle is chosen to prevent oil from entraining beneath the boom skirt
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The general strategy is to:1. Identify the location and trajectory of the spill or
potential spill
2. Select a deployment configuration that best supports the operating environment and available resources
3. Place boom using secured anchor systems, mooring points, vessels, boom control devices, etc.
4. Monitor and adjust the boom on an appropriate basis
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Boom Angle
The figure on the next slide is used to select the appropriate boom angle to keep oil from entraining under the boom
The angle relative to the current decreases rapidly as the current increases
In currents exceeding 3 knots, a cascade of boom arrays may be used; the first boom array will slow the velocity of the slick allowing subsequent arrays to deflect the oil
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Cascade
Half Live Live
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Diversion BoomingThe objective of Diversion Booming is to redirect the oil from one location or direction of travel to a specific site for recovery
For the purposes of maintaining consistent and clear terms, diversion is always associated with oil recovery
Current
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Boom may be held in place by anchors, vessels, or a boom control device.
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Single Boom – Divert Inshore
A basic diversion technique is to divert oil from a current to a recovery site along a shoreline
The recovery site is chosen where there is minimal current and a suitable recovery system can be deployed
The offshore end can be secured with an anchor a boom control device or with a vessel
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Exclusion Booming
Exclusion Booming is a fixed-boom strategy, with the objective of prohibiting oil slicks from entering a sensitive area
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Exclusion Booming
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Containment Boom of a Vessel at a Dock
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Shore-seal BoomShore-seal boom is used where the boom contacts the shoreline to prevent oil from escaping
Bottom chamber(s) are filled with water, and contact the shoreline
The top chamber is filled with air, and provides flotation as the water level rises
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Shore-seal BoomShore-seal boom is used on shorelines with a smooth bottom of gradual slope and avoided where there are large rocks and sharp breaks in the bottom
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Shore-seal Boom
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Does anyone
have any questions, comments
or concerns?
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The Basics of Skimming
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Oil recovery in the marine environment is usually done by using skimmers, mechanical devices that physically removes free or contained oil from the surface of the water
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The objective is to remove spilled oil that has been diverted or collected at a suitable recovery site either from the water or land
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Shore-side RecoveryThe objective of Shore-side Recovery is to remove oil that has been diverted to a designated recovery site accessible from shore
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The general strategy is to:1. Identify the primary recovery site
2. Assess site conditions and access routes
3. Determine the appropriate recovery and storage system based on oil type, access and deployment restrictions
4. Take precautions to minimize contamination of the shoreline at the collection site
5. Store and transfer recovered oil according to an approved waste management plan
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Skimming System Review
Shore-side recovery requires at least one portable skimming system to remove spilled oil. They include:
1. Skimmer with pump and power pack
2. Hose (suction and discharge with fittings)
3. Oil transfer pump
4. Repair kit (tools and extra parts)
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There are many models of skimmer to choose from, but they fall into two types:
Simple Weir skimmers
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Oleophilic skimmers
Drum Skimmer
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Primary Oil Storage Devices
Primary oil storage can be portable tanks, bladders or truck mounted tanks on the shoreline
Small barges can be anchored offshore or beached at low tide
If the site is accessible by road, vacuum trucks may be used for oil recovery, storage, and transport
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Recovery Location
Selection of a shore-side recovery location is critical
A recovery site should be in calm water with minimal currents
Site must have enough level ground to set up and operate a power pack and portable tanks
Sites with road access are preferred, but if not available, the site must have some other suitable access
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It’s important to minimize shoreline contamination at the recovery site
If possible, oil should not be allowed to contact the inter-tidal zone or shoreline
Do not walk on oiled muddy soils and avoid driving or operating equipment on oiled surfaces
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Does anyone
have any questions, comments
or concerns?
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Temporary Storage
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Temporary StorageIn Canada the Responsible Party (spiller) is responsible for disposal of all waste produced during a spill response.
WCMRC will segregate and temporarily store waste until a “waste disposal plan” can be developed.
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Oil spill product recovery rates are highly limited by the amount of storage available.
WCMRC has a number of tank barges and other portable storage tanks available to enhance our storage capacity.
Temporary Storage
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Storage TanksOnce recovered, oil and oily water must be stored while awaiting proper disposal.
Types of temporary storage:• Port-a-tank
Sorbents and solid waste only NO liquids
• Drums• Buoywall Tanks• SeaSlugs
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Floating Collar or Buoy Wall
Minimize the recovery of UN-OILED debris!
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SeaSlug
Recovered oil can be pumped directly into a SeaSlug that is being towed along side a vessel
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Does anyone
have any questions, comments
or concerns?
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Lots of Knots
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For convenience in handling rope and learning the various knots, ties, and bends, we use the terms "standing part," "bight," and "end". The Standing Part is the principal portion or longest part of the rope; the Bight is the part curved or bent while working or handling; while the End is that part used in forming the knot or hitch.
Knots
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Knots
The five primary knots shoreline workers SHOULD know are:
• Bow Line
• Clove Hitch
• Sheet Bend
• Reef Knot
• Cleat Hitch
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Knots
Bow Line
1
2
3
4
5
6
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Knots 1
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
Clove Hitch
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Knots 1
2
3
4
5
6
Sheet Bend
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Knots 1
2
3
Reef Knot
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Knots 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8Cleat Hitch
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Does anyone
have any questions, comments
or concerns?