Oil Spill Shoreline Clean-up

Course Outline Safety issues surrounding shoreline

operations What SCAT is and how it affects shoreline

operations Shoreline response techniques

◦ What they are◦ Operational effectiveness◦ Environmental impact

Course Outline (continued)

Logistical support for shoreline operations Field training

Shoreline Supervisor

Must methodically organize a long term, efficient response

Must ensure all personnel adhere to strict code for minimizing environmental impacts

Must assess all hazards and ensure personnel are safe

The most important position on the beach

First Aid Requirements

WCMRC follows all WorkSafeBC standards and requirements: ◦Occupational First Aid Level-1 on all

crews◦Occupational First Aid Level-3 at any spill

site over 20 minutes from a health facilities

◦Occupational First Aid Level-3 at any spill site with 20 or more workers

Shoreline Safety

Personnel training requirements◦Site Specific Safety Rules◦Evacuation Route(s) ◦Emergency Notification Procedures

Initial safety assessment

Shoreline Safety (continued)

Daily Tailgate Safety Briefings◦Everyone MUST attend ◦Sign Accountability Sheet

Safety watch/obligation to subcontractors

Shoreline Response PPE Requirements depend

on risk:◦ Hardhat◦ Safety glasses◦ Steel toe boots◦ Disposable raingear◦ Gloves and liners◦ Rubber boots◦ PFD

Typical Shoreline Safety Hazards

Slips, trips and falls Sharp edges and cuts Inclement weather Physical exhaustion Improper working

technique

Shoreline Safety Hazards cont.

Ingestion hazards Tidal concerns Working around

moving vehicles and equipment

Wildlife encounters

Personnel Decontamination

“Dry” Shoreline Decon Station

Establish parameter boundary

Logical progression Collect waste Leave reusable

equipment in “hot zone”

Decon Procedures Tool/Equipment Drop

◦ Left in hot zone for reuse◦ Cleaned by entrants so as to not further

contaminate support zone

Gross Decon◦ As much contamination is removed as possible◦ Usually done by physical means◦ Contain all runoff water◦ Entrant assist with gross decon to reduce

contamination to other personnel

Decon Procedures Wash and Rinse Station

◦ Chemical solution used to neutralize the contaminant or to ease with removal from entrant’s PPE

◦ Usually a pre-mixed solution and brushes

◦ Scrub entire person

◦ Rinse off neutralizing chemicals with clean water

◦ Control all runoff water

Decon Procedures Removal of Outer Clothing and PPE

◦ Rainsuit, boots, outer gloves, face splash-shield, safety glasses, respirator removed and disposed of

◦ Segregate if possible

Inner Clothing Removal◦ Only if necessary

Medical Monitoring◦ Only if necessary

Decon Procedures

Decon Procedures

Prepackaged Decon Station

Special Shoreline Safety IssuesRemote/Isolated Shoreline Considerations

Special Shoreline Safety Issues

• Fixed wing floatplane• Helicopter• Crew boat

How will shoreline workers be transported to the site?

Special Shoreline Safety Issues

• Poor weather shelter • Toilet facilities• Overnight accommodations

How will shoreline workers be cared for once they have been left on-site?

Role of Helicopters and Shoreline Response Operations

Personnel transport

Logistical transport

Observation Medical

emergencies

Helicopters Safety Issues

Special Shoreline Safety IssuesHelicopters

Special Shoreline Safety IssuesHelicopters and Sling-loading

Role of ATVs and Shoreline Response Operations

Personnel transport Logistical transport Observation Medical emergencies

Special Shoreline Safety IssuesATVs

Special Shoreline Safety IssuesNight Operations

SCAT: What is it?Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Team

Special SCAT Considerations Sub tidal habitats Birds Marine Mammals Terrestrial Mammals Terrestrial Plants Fish and Shellfish Reptiles

Recreation Management Area

(nature preserves, parks, refuges)

Resource Extraction (commercial fishing areas, water intakes, seafood harvest sites)

Cultural Resources

SCAT

Check effectiveness of shoreline response technique

Monitor progress of total shoreline clean-up

Ensure minimal environmental impact of response technique

Impact to Shoreline Response Operations

Special Shoreline Response Issues Wildlife

◦ Birds

◦ Marine Mammals

◦ Do not touch, whether alive or dead

◦ Flag with stake and report to Wildlife unit

Special Shoreline Response Issues (continued)

Archaeological/Cultural Resources◦ Response operations may uncover

undiscovered archaeological features or artifacts

◦ Vandalizing or taking resources is prohibited

Public Interaction and the Media◦ Access to shoreline

◦ Adjacent neighbors

◦ Keep a cool head and refer to ICP for comments

Special Shoreline Response Issues (continued)

Shoreline Response Techniques

Natural recovery (No action)

Manual removal Sediment removal Passive collection Flushing

Shoreline Response Techniques (continued)

Vacuum Sediment reworking Excavation, Cleansing,

and Replacement Vegetation cutting Shoreline treatment

(dispersants)

Natural Recovery

Manual Removal

Manual Removal

Operational Effectiveness

Shoreline Types◦ Exposed rocky

shoreline

◦ Wave cut platforms and tidal pools

Operational Effectiveness

Shoreline Types◦ Gravel beach

◦ Man made shoreline and rip-rap

Operational Effectiveness

Minimizing Environmental Impact

Sediment Removal

Operational Effectiveness Shoreline Types

◦ Fine Grain Beach◦ Course Grain Beach◦ Mixed Sand and Gravel

Operational EffectivenessOil Burial/Penetration

Minimizing Environmental Impact

Passive Collection

Passive Collection

High Tide Line

45’ 45’ 45’ 45’ 45’

45’ 45’ 45’ 45’

Passive Collection

Operational Effectiveness

Shoreline Types◦ Exposed rocky

shoreline

◦ Mixed sand and gravel beach

Operational Effectiveness

Shoreline Types◦ Gravel beach

◦ Man Made (Rip-Rap)

Operational Effectiveness

Operational Effectiveness

Minimizing Environmental Impact

Flooding/Deluge

Low Volume Flushing

Operational Effectiveness

Minimizing Environmental Impact

Vacuum

Sediment Reworking

Vegetation Cutting

Shoreline Treatment

Personnel/Equipment Requirements

Personnel/Equipment Requirements

Logistic Support

Transportation of Personnel and Equipment Logistic Support

ConsumablesLogistic Support

Interim Disposal Sites Logistic Support

Interim Disposal Sites

How many bags would be produced in this picture?

Waste Generation

Any Questions?

The Basics of Booming

Booming operations are necessary for a variety of reasons including:• Containment and concentration of spilled oil on

water

• Deflection, to keep the oil away from sensitive areas

and

• Diversion, to move the oil to an area where it can be more easily recovered

General Purpose Boom Components

Freeboard

Total Draft

Floatation

Ballast/Tension Member

ASTMBoomConnector

Top Tensioner

Deflection BoomingThe objective of Deflection Boom is to direct oil away from a location to be protected or simply to change the course of the slick

“Deflection” is used to describe the tactic where oil is redirected away from an area but not recovered

Tactical Description

The Deflection Boom tactic is for water-born spills where there is some current, usually from 0.5 to 3.0 knots

The boom is placed at an optimum angle to the oil trajectory, using the movement of the current to carry oil along the boom and then releasing it into the current again with a new trajectory

The angle is chosen to prevent oil from entraining beneath the boom skirt

The general strategy is to:1. Identify the location and trajectory of the spill or

potential spill

2. Select a deployment configuration that best supports the operating environment and available resources

3. Place boom using secured anchor systems, mooring points, vessels, boom control devices, etc.

4. Monitor and adjust the boom on an appropriate basis

Boom Angle

The figure on the next slide is used to select the appropriate boom angle to keep oil from entraining under the boom

The angle relative to the current decreases rapidly as the current increases

In currents exceeding 3 knots, a cascade of boom arrays may be used; the first boom array will slow the velocity of the slick allowing subsequent arrays to deflect the oil

Cascade

Half Live Live

Diversion BoomingThe objective of Diversion Booming is to redirect the oil from one location or direction of travel to a specific site for recovery

For the purposes of maintaining consistent and clear terms, diversion is always associated with oil recovery

Current

Boom may be held in place by anchors, vessels, or a boom control device.

Single Boom – Divert Inshore

A basic diversion technique is to divert oil from a current to a recovery site along a shoreline

The recovery site is chosen where there is minimal current and a suitable recovery system can be deployed

The offshore end can be secured with an anchor a boom control device or with a vessel

Exclusion Booming

Exclusion Booming is a fixed-boom strategy, with the objective of prohibiting oil slicks from entering a sensitive area

Exclusion Booming

Containment Boom of a Vessel at a Dock

Shore-seal BoomShore-seal boom is used where the boom contacts the shoreline to prevent oil from escaping

Bottom chamber(s) are filled with water, and contact the shoreline

The top chamber is filled with air, and provides flotation as the water level rises

Shore-seal BoomShore-seal boom is used on shorelines with a smooth bottom of gradual slope and avoided where there are large rocks and sharp breaks in the bottom

Shore-seal Boom

Does anyone

have any questions, comments

or concerns?

The Basics of Skimming

Oil recovery in the marine environment is usually done by using skimmers, mechanical devices that physically removes free or contained oil from the surface of the water

The objective is to remove spilled oil that has been diverted or collected at a suitable recovery site either from the water or land

Shore-side RecoveryThe objective of Shore-side Recovery is to remove oil that has been diverted to a designated recovery site accessible from shore

The general strategy is to:1. Identify the primary recovery site

2. Assess site conditions and access routes

3. Determine the appropriate recovery and storage system based on oil type, access and deployment restrictions

4. Take precautions to minimize contamination of the shoreline at the collection site

5. Store and transfer recovered oil according to an approved waste management plan

Skimming System Review

Shore-side recovery requires at least one portable skimming system to remove spilled oil. They include:

1. Skimmer with pump and power pack

2. Hose (suction and discharge with fittings)

3. Oil transfer pump

4. Repair kit (tools and extra parts)

There are many models of skimmer to choose from, but they fall into two types:

Simple Weir skimmers

Oleophilic skimmers

Drum Skimmer

Primary Oil Storage Devices

Primary oil storage can be portable tanks, bladders or truck mounted tanks on the shoreline

Small barges can be anchored offshore or beached at low tide

If the site is accessible by road, vacuum trucks may be used for oil recovery, storage, and transport

Recovery Location

Selection of a shore-side recovery location is critical

A recovery site should be in calm water with minimal currents

Site must have enough level ground to set up and operate a power pack and portable tanks

Sites with road access are preferred, but if not available, the site must have some other suitable access

It’s important to minimize shoreline contamination at the recovery site

If possible, oil should not be allowed to contact the inter-tidal zone or shoreline

Do not walk on oiled muddy soils and avoid driving or operating equipment on oiled surfaces

Does anyone

have any questions, comments

or concerns?

Temporary Storage

Temporary StorageIn Canada the Responsible Party (spiller) is responsible for disposal of all waste produced during a spill response.

WCMRC will segregate and temporarily store waste until a “waste disposal plan” can be developed.

Oil spill product recovery rates are highly limited by the amount of storage available.

WCMRC has a number of tank barges and other portable storage tanks available to enhance our storage capacity.

Temporary Storage

Storage TanksOnce recovered, oil and oily water must be stored while awaiting proper disposal.

Types of temporary storage:• Port-a-tank

Sorbents and solid waste only NO liquids

• Drums• Buoywall Tanks• SeaSlugs

Floating Collar or Buoy Wall

Minimize the recovery of UN-OILED debris!

SeaSlug

Recovered oil can be pumped directly into a SeaSlug that is being towed along side a vessel

Does anyone

have any questions, comments

or concerns?

Lots of Knots

For convenience in handling rope and learning the various knots, ties, and bends, we use the terms "standing part," "bight," and "end". The Standing Part is the principal portion or longest part of the rope; the Bight is the part curved or bent while working or handling; while the End is that part used in forming the knot or hitch.

Knots

Knots

The five primary knots shoreline workers SHOULD know are:

• Bow Line

• Clove Hitch

• Sheet Bend

• Reef Knot

• Cleat Hitch

Knots

Bow Line

1

2

3

4

5

6

Knots 1

2

3

3

4

5

6

7

Clove Hitch

Knots 1

2

3

4

5

6

Sheet Bend

Knots 1

2

3

Reef Knot

Knots 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8Cleat Hitch

Does anyone

have any questions, comments

or concerns?