Download - Open Access and Search4Dev - Harry Heemskerk - KIT

Open Archives Initiative:A model for development data?

Harry Heemskerk, Royal Tropical Institute (KIT)

Amsterdam, The Netherlands www.kit.nl

WARNING!

This presentation is not about data.


In this presentation . . .

What are the issues

Open Archives Initiative (OAI)

Repositories in Africa

Search4Dev: repository for NL development sector

OAI: a model for development data?


The issues

• Digital resources need to appear at many sites, but:o Storage at multiple locations is inefficient and error-

proneo Multiple instances of metadata are inefficient and

often inconsistent• Search engines do not use metadata optimally• Digital resources get lost• Identifiers to digital resources are not persistent



• Initiated by Van de Sompel and others in 2000

• Builds on Open Access initiatives in the 1990’s

• Has since conquered Open Access publishing in the academic world


The principles of OAI

a) Standardize metadata

b) Add metadata at the source

c) Store once, use many

d) Register evolving sets of resources,

not individual resources

e) Create interoperability


a) Standardize metadataMetadata set:

the descriptors to identify and describe the resource

• Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DCMES)≈ minimum standard

• 15 elements without refinements

• each element optional and repeatable

• also known also know as “Simple Dublin Core”


a) Standardize metadataMetadata exchange standard:

the digital format in which the metadata set is exchanged

Is defined as an XML schema

• Dublin Core based (simple)o OMFo PBCore

• MODS (intermediate) • MARCXML (complex)• METS (object hierarchies)• MPEG-21 DIDL (complex digital objects)• . . .


b) Add metadata at the source

Metadata should be added closeto the creation of the resource.

(Possibly by the author him/herself => self-archiving)

Why?

• Creator knows best

• Consistent

• Efficient


Publication

database

Research

databaseWebsite

Users

Data and services



Topical website

Harvester

Institutional repository I

Institutional repository III

Institutional repository II

Institutional repository IV

Data layer

Users

Service layer

Publication

database

Research

databaseWebsite



Data layer = Repositories

Service layer = Harvesters

Repositories and harvesters


Various types of repositories

• Institutional repository

• Multi-institutional repository

• Aggregating repository

• Governmental repository

• Disciplinary repository

• Subject repository

• . . .


Various types of repositories

• May be very large or very small

• May be rapidly expanding or rather stable

• May store different kinds of content

• May use varying database systems

• May run on all kinds of platforms

• . . .


Various types of harvesters

• General search engine

• Subject portal

• Electronic sourcebook

• Electronic journal

• . . .


About registries of repositoriesRegister sets of resources, not individual resources.

Examples of registries of repositories:

• Registry of Open Access Repositories - ROAR

• Directory of Open Access Repositories - OpenDOAR

• The Open Archives Initiative

• The OAI registry at University of Illinois

• Openarchives.eu


d) Create operability

Communication protocol:

question-and-answer language between repository and harvester

• OAI-PMHOpen Archives Initiative - Protocol for Metadata Harvesting


d) Create operabilityExamples of OAI-PMH conversation

Q: identify – who are you?A: I am the service www.university.edu and my oldest

record is from 2001

Q: listmetadata – what are the metadataformats that you can supply?

A: I can supply my metadata in DC and DIDL

Q: listsets – which sets of information do you have ?A: I have a set of Humanities and a set of Biology records


d) Create operabilityExamples of OAI-PMH conversation

Q: listidentifiers – Give me the headers of the records that were published after 1-1-2010

A: Here are the headers of the records requested

Q: listrecords – Give me details of the records of the records that were published after 1-1-2010

A: Here is a list of records

Q: getrecords – Give me a specific recordA: Here are all the fields of this specific record


Volume of OAI-compliant repositories

Source: OpenDOAR, May 11, 2011


Content of OAI-compliant repositories




What are the issues





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Source: ROAR, May 11, 2011


KIT’s activities 1: supporting IRs


KIT’s activities 2: DATAD IIIDatabase of African Theses and Dissertations

Under the responsibility of the Association of African Universities (AAU)

DATAD I: online catalogue of bibliograhic metadata

DATAD II: catalogue with partial access to full text

DATAD III: harvester in a network of institutional repositories


KIT’s activities 3: toolkitToolkit for implementing

institutional repositories in Africa

1. Publication of toolkit in autumn 2011

2. Development of training modules

3. Setting up an online community of practice


KIT’s activities Finally:

There is more than strictly Open Acess

Partnership with Elsevier Publishers to provide free access to some of Elsevier’s commercial databases for 150 academic and research institutions in Africa



What are the issues





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Search4Dev

• Inspired by Research4Development in the UK

• Initiated by Development Policy Review Network (DPRN)

• Implemented by KIT

• Launched in December 2008


Web interfaceSearch4Dev

. . .

Academic institutions

IR 1 IR 2 IR 2 IR x

Portal Dutch Development

Cooperation

Research-ers

Policy makers

Practitio-ners

OAI-PMHharvesters

Search4Devrepository

NGOs., Ministry, etc.


Search4Dev: current status

• 32 participating NGOs


Participants• AWEPA - Association of European

Parliamentarians with Africa• Bernard van Leer Foundation• Both ENDS• Cordaid• DCA-VET - Dutch Committee for Afghanistan -

Veterinary Programmes• DPRN - Development Policy Review Network• Euroconsult/BMB Mott MacDonald• Hivos – Humanist Institute for Development

Cooperation• ICCO - Interchurch Organization for

Development Cooperation• IICD - International Institute for Communication

and Development• IKV Pax Christi• IUCN National Committee of the Netherlands• KIT - Royal Tropical Institute• Knowledge Centre Religion and Development• MVO Platform• NCDO - National Committee for International

Cooperation and Sustainable Development

• Oxfam Novib• Partos• PharmAccess Foundation• Plan Nederland• PSO - Capacity Building in Developing

Countries• SNV - Netherlands Development

Organisation• SOMO - Centre for Research on

Multinational Corporations• Spanda Foundation• Stichting Oikos• The Broker• VSO - Voluntary Service Overseas• WECF – Women in Europe for a

Common Future• Wemos Foundation• Woord en Daad• Worldconnectors



• 32 participating NGOs

• 2.300 titles

• About 1.000 titles added per year

• Full set of metadata added

• Storage format standardized



• Usage still low . . . but growing

• Substantial usage from outside the Netherlands

• Growing number of harvesterso BASE – Bielefeld Academic Search Engineo Connecting-Africao NARCISo OAIstero OpenDOAR – Directory of Open Access Repositorieso ROAR – Registry of Open Access Repositories


Search4Dev: lessons learned

• Everybody supports the idea

• . . . but not everybody puts in the effort

• Initial enthusiasm may fade

• Acquisition requires persuasion and persistence

• Crucial to have dedicated contact persons

• Legal agreement must precede publication


Search4Dev: lessons learned

Without a strong partner in the service layer

Search4Dev will not reach its full

potential.


What are the issues






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WARNING!

This presentation is not about data.

Or is it?


Does the Open Archive Initiative

provide a model for sharing

open development data?


Thank youThank you

Download - Open Access and Search4Dev - Harry Heemskerk - KIT

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