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Oral Presentation
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Why Manager’s Need Effective Presentation Skill’s
ImportanceWatch Out !Conversation Vs PresentationLecture Vs Presentation
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Elements Of A Presentation
PresenterAudienceSpecific Content
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Features Of A Good Presentation
Contents Matching The AudienceLanguage Matching The AudienceBrevitySmooth SequenceSigns Of Preparation & MasteryLively DeliveryAppropriate humour
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Planning A Presentation
Who
Where
Why
When
What
The STAR Strategy
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The MOM Plan
May Be
Must
Ought
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How To Structure Your Presentation
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Preparation
Prepare your visuals in advance
Always make back-up copies
Rehearse a lot (avoid the use of papers or note cards)
Know how to use the technical equipment
Preview the room, and select the layout that is best for your presentation
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Preparation - Outline
1 - 2 minutes per slide
Generic 15 min Conference Presentation
Title Slide (1) Title, author, affiliation, acknowledgements
Rationale (1-2) Why this is interesting
Methods (1-2) What you did
Results (2-4) What did you find and what does it mean
Summary (1) One thing you want them to remember
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Preparation - Slides Use Images & Graphics
Relevant images communicate,
and maintain interest
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Preparation - SlidesUse Images & Graphics
Minimise text & numbers
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Preparation - SlidesUse Images & Graphics
Minimise text & numbers
Light text on dark background
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Preparation - SlidesUse Images & Graphics
Minimise text & numbers
Light text on dark background
Avoid distracting backgrounds
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Preparation - SlidesUse Images & Graphics
Minimise text & numbers
Light text on dark background
Avoid distracting backgrounds
Use large sans serif fonts
Helvetica or Arial rather than serif fonts like Times
24 pt is minimum, 32 pt, or even 36 pt is better
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Preparation - SlidesUse Images & Graphics
Minimise text & numbers
Light text on dark background
Avoid distracting backgrounds
Use large sans serif fonts
Mix upper and lower case
ALL CAPITALS IS HARDER TO READ, ALTHOUGH IT MIGHT BE OK FOR THE ODD TITLE
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Preparation - SlidesUse Images & Graphics
Minimise text & numbers
Light text on dark background
Avoid distracting backgrounds
Use large sans serif fonts
Mix upper and lower case
Use colour to highlight text
Use high contrast colours for important lines, symbols or text, and lower contrast colours for less important lines, symbols or text. But use a small number of colours
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Preparation - SlidesUse Images & Graphics
Minimise text & numbers
Light text on dark background
Avoid distracting backgrounds
Use large sans serif fonts
Mixture upper and lower case
Use colour to highlight text
Keep figures simple
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0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Condition
Y a
xis
(un
its)
*
Show means, sd, effect size statistics, but not test statistics
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Preparation - SlidesUse Images & Graphics
Minimise text & numbers
Light text on dark background
Avoid distracting backgrounds
Use large sans serif fonts
Mixture upper and lower case
Use colour to highlight text
Keep figures simple
Thick lines and large symbols
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0
5
10
15
20
20 30 40 50 60 70
Y A
xis
(uni
ts)
Participant 2
r = 0.89
X Axis (units)
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Preparation - SlidesUse Images & Graphics
Minimise text & numbers
Light text on dark background
Avoid distracting backgrounds
Use large sans serif fonts
Mixture upper and lower case
Use colour to highlight text
Keep figures simple
Thick lines and large symbols
Progressive disclosure
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Preparing Effective PowerPoint Slides
Use visuals sparingly
Rule 7 X 7Use no more than 7 lines of text per slideUse no more than 7 words per line of text
Restrict the contents of tables and graphs
Maintain uniformity in font style, font size, and bullets
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Intestinal chloride secretionIntestinal chloride secretion
Treatment
Uninfected Salmonella
CO
X-2
(a.
u.)
0
1
2
3
ControlL-NAMENS-398
***
***
Salmonella induces COX-2 via iNOS expressionSalmonella induces COX-2 via iNOS expression
Means + SEM, n=6***, p<0.001 vs. uninfected control
General titleGeneral title
Specific titleSpecific title
Keep it simpleKeep it simpleRemember a keyRemember a key
Statistics!Statistics!
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Tips of Better Visual Presentation
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
08-07-1997
09-08-1997
10-09-1997
12-10-1997
13-11-1997
Date
Perc
enta
ge R
emai
ning
Bare Soil33%67%Full Stand
• Make sure colors on graphs contrast well with background
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
08-07-1997
09-08-1997
10-09-1997
12-10-1997
13-11-1997
Date
Perc
enta
ge R
emai
ning
Bare Soil33%67%Full Stand
• Always resize figures from corners, never from the sides
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• The way the figure is imported affects its appearance
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
7/8/97 8/9/97 9/10/97 10/12/97 11/13/97
Date
Perc
enta
ge R
emai
ning
Bare Soil33%67%Full Stand
Pasted as a picture, previous slide pasted as MS office object
Bold
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Environment
Lighting in meeting rooms is rarely optimum for slides
Contrast is important
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Slide Color Scheme
A Matter of Personal Preference
Watch For:– Good color contrast from the
back row of the room– Adequate font size and clarity
as viewed from the back row of the room
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Background
• Pure Black Background
• Title: Times New Roman 44 Point• Text: Times New Roman 32 Point
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Text Font and Size
• Title: Arial 48 Point
• Text: Arial 36 Point
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Text Font and Size
• Pure White Background
• Title: Times New Roman 44 Point• Text: Times New Roman 32 Point
• Avoid text colors that do not provide adequate contrast with the background
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Background
• Pure Red Background
• Title: Times New Roman 44 Point• Text: Times New Roman 32 Point
• Contrast between text and background?
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Background
• Black fade to white
• Watch For:– Good color contrast from the back row of
the room
– Adequate font size and clarity as viewed from the back row of the room
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Background
• Marble Fill Effect
• Title: Times New Roman 44 Point• Text: Times New Roman 32 Point
• Use with caution
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Background
• Background Template
• Title: Times New Roman 44 Point• Text: Times New Roman 32 Point
• Use with caution
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Font Selection
San serif fonts tend to provide maximum clarity – e.g. Arial
Some serif fonts work well – e.g. Times New Roman
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Font Selection
Some serif fonts don’t work as well – e.g. Palatino, especially if the type is smaller
Use silly fonts with caution – e.g. Monotype Corsiva
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Good rules of thumb
Use fonts that maximize clarity
Use larger sizes
–48 points for the title–36 points for the main bullets– 32 points for the sub bullets
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How To Deliver Your Presentation?
Be punctual
Stand up, or sit straight
Keep hands in front of you
Maintain eye contact with the audience on all sides of the room
Start the presentation with a smile
Use a conversational tone
Dress neatly and professionally and appropriately.
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How To Deliver Your Presentation?
Reading AloudSpeaking From MemorySpeaking From NotesVoice, Posture & Gestures
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Top Ten Mistakes Made by Presenters
No preparation
No presentation objectives
Mediocre first impression
Lack good visuals
Ineffective closing
Lack of enthusiasm
No eye contact
Lack of facial expression
Stays in one place
No audience involvement
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Use Your Voice Effectively
Speak loud enough to be heard, and be confident
Don’t speak in a monotone
Alternate the rate of your voice
Slow down when emphasizing important points
Pauses can also be used to add emphasis
Drink water to prevent voice problems
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Things to Avoid
Corporal Movement
Swinging and moving excessively
Playing with hair
Chewing gum
Clicking the top of a pen
Playing with jewelry
Leaning against something for support
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Things to Avoid
SpeakingToo fastToo slowToo low
Arrogance
Fillers (repetitive sounds and phrases)“ah” “um”“and”
Voice
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Steps to Reduce Your Speaking Anxiety
Know the roomArrive early Walk around the room
Know the audience
Know, practice, and revise your material
Learn how to relax
Visualize yourself speaking
Realize people want you to succeed
Don’t apologize for being nervous
Concentrate on your message
Turn nervousness into positive energy
Gain experience
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How to Control Your Nervousness
Transform fear and nervousness to presentation presence and strength
Breathe deeply and exhale slowly (repeat)
Stretch your muscles (neck, legs, and arms)
Repeat breathing exercise, close your eyes, relax,
feel prepared and ready
Walk the room: feel the space of your success
Greet your audience (Impact them)
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How To Support Your Presentation Visually?
White BoardChartsOHPComputers & Multimedia Models & Real ObjectWord Pictures
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Advantages of Visual Aids
Enhance understanding of the topic
Help your speech be more impressive, and improve your image
Maintain the audience’s attention and increase their interest
Help build credibility
Add variety
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Overuse of Visual Aids
Attention of audience will be divided
Audience may pay more attention to visuals than to speaker
Avoid slides with too much movement and/or sounds
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Questions
Anticipate likely questions and
prepare extra slides with the answers
Maybe even plant a stooge
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Questions
Paraphrase questions
1. so that other people hear the question
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Questions
Paraphrase questions
1. so that other people hear the question
2. to check you understand the questions
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Questions
Paraphrase questions
1. so that other people hear the question
2. to check you understand the questions
3. to stall while you think about an answer
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Questions
If you don’t know the answer, say so.
Offer to find out.
Ask the audience.
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Summary
Like most things,
the best way to learn is to do