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Global Perspectives of CurriculumPakistan
By Haibin Li
Overview
• Pakistan is an ethnically and linguistically divers country in South Asia.
• The constitution requires the state to provide free primary and secondary education.
• Education is divided into six main levels– Pre-primary– Primary– Middle– High– Intermediate– University Program
Literacy Rate
• Overall: 58.5%• Male: 70.2%• Female: 46.3%• Causes of low literacy rate– Political Instability– Lack of Access to Education Facilities– Low Community Participation– Poor Planning and Implementation
Education Sectors
• Government SchoolsRun by Government
• Private SchoolsRun by Private for-profit organizations
• Non-Government Organization SchoolsRun by non-government, non-profit
organizations
Values, Curriculum, and Philosophy
• Islam is the state religion in Pakistan• The education policies provide little guidance on
inculcating professional ethics and values, but emphasize on Islamic values
• National curriculum is produced by the Curriculum Wing of the Federal Ministry of Education.
• The four provincial textbook boards are responsible for implementing the national curriculum.
Values, Curriculum, and Philosophy(continued)
• The philosophic views of secondary school teachers were found to be highly in favor of existentialism and least in favor of realism
• The male teachers were tending to be inclined towards existentialism whereas female teachers inclined towards idealism