Global Perspectives of CurriculumPakistan

By Haibin Li

Overview

• Pakistan is an ethnically and linguistically divers country in South Asia.

• The constitution requires the state to provide free primary and secondary education.

• Education is divided into six main levels– Pre-primary– Primary– Middle– High– Intermediate– University Program

Literacy Rate

• Overall: 58.5%• Male: 70.2%• Female: 46.3%• Causes of low literacy rate– Political Instability– Lack of Access to Education Facilities– Low Community Participation– Poor Planning and Implementation

Education Sectors

• Government SchoolsRun by Government

• Private SchoolsRun by Private for-profit organizations

• Non-Government Organization SchoolsRun by non-government, non-profit

organizations

Values, Curriculum, and Philosophy

• Islam is the state religion in Pakistan• The education policies provide little guidance on

inculcating professional ethics and values, but emphasize on Islamic values

• National curriculum is produced by the Curriculum Wing of the Federal Ministry of Education.

• The four provincial textbook boards are responsible for implementing the national curriculum.

Values, Curriculum, and Philosophy(continued)

• The philosophic views of secondary school teachers were found to be highly in favor of existentialism and least in favor of realism

• The male teachers were tending to be inclined towards existentialism whereas female teachers inclined towards idealism