Download - People vs. Mendoza
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7/24/2019 People vs. Mendoza
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People of the Philppines vs
Efren Mendoza
Qualifying Circumstances cannotoffset Ordinary Mitigating
Circumstances
On July 14, 1993 about 7:30 pm inthe Municipality of Vinzons,Camaines !ote, Men"oza hac#e"$nchito !ano %ith a bolo %hich le"to the instant "eath of the accuse"&'he tial cout foun" the accuse"acte" %ith e(i"ent peme"itationhence con(icte" him of the cimemu"e %hich is punishable byeclusion pepetua& )io to tial he(oluntaily suen"ee" but it %asnot appeciate" as a miti*atin*
cicumstance&
ISSUE:+hethe o not the tiacout ee" in ulin* that themiti*atin* cicumstance of(oluntay suen"ee" %as offsetby the a**a(atin* cicumstance ofteachey&
HELD:'eachey is a ualifyin*cicumstance in the pesent casetheefoe it cannot offset themiti*atin* cicumstance of(oluntay suen"e& 'heefoe,pusuant to the -n"eteminate.entence /a%, the accuse" shoul"be sentence" to pision mayo in
its maimum peio" to eclusiontempoal in its minimum peio"&
'-2 -V-.-O!
5&2& !o& 13336& Mach 9, 000&8
PEOPLE OF THEPHILIPPINES,plaintiff
-appellee, vs.
EFREN MENDOZA y
SALVADOR,accused-
appellant&
The Solicitor General fo plaintiff
appellee&
Public Attorney's Office fo
accuse"appellant&
SYNOPSIS
fen Men"oza %as cha*e" befoe
the 2e*ional 'ial Cout of aet,
Camaines !ote %ith mu"e fo
the #illin* of $nchito $& !ano& e
entee" a plea of not *uilty& $fte
tial in "ue couse, the cout a
uoen"ee" a ;u"*ment fin"in*
him *uilty beyon" easonable
"oubt an" %as sentence" to suffe
the penalty of reclusion perpetua&
'he tial cout e;ecte" his plea of
self"efense, hol"in* that his claim
%as "ebun#e" by the posecution
%itnesses< testimonies, %hich %ee
moe ce"ible& -n this appeabefoe the .upeme Cout, the
appellant a"mitte" ha(in* hac#e"
to "eath the (ictim, but (i*oously
insiste" that he "i" so to "efen"
himself, his family an" his
home& C.a'
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'he .upeme Cout affime"
appellant!'$2@
.>22!2= 2A>-.-'.& B 'o
establish the miti*atin*
cicumstance of (oluntay
suen"e, the follo%in* thee
euisites must be sho%n: DaE the
offen"e has not been actually
aeste"= DbE the offen"e
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suen"es himself to a peson in
authoity o the latteM.'$!C& B 'he cout a
uofaile" to appeciate the
"istinction bet%een a *eneic
a**a(atin* cicumstance an" a
ualifyin* one& $ ualifyin*
cicumstance chan*es the natue
of the cime& $ *eneic a**a(atin*
cicumstance, on the othe han",
"oes not affect the "esi*nation ofthe cime= it meely po(i"es fo
the imposition of the pescibe"
penalty in its maimum peio"&
'hus, %hile a *eneic a**a(atin*
cicumstance may be offset by a
miti*atin* cicumstance, a
ualifyin* cicumstance may not&
'eachey in the pesent case is aualifyin*, not a *eneic
a**a(atin* cicumstance& -ts
pesence se(e" to chaacteize"
the #illin* as mu"e= it cannot at
the same time be consi"ee" as a
*eneic a**a(atin* cicumstance
to %aant the imposition of the
maimum penalty& 'hus, it cannot
offset (oluntay suen"e&
G& C2-M-!$/ /$+= M>22=
)2O)2 )!$/'@= C$. $' $2& B
+hen the cime %as committe" on
July 14, 1993, the penalty fomu"e %as reclusion temporal, in
its maimum peio", to "eath& $t
the time, ho%e(e, 2$ 7GF9 %hich
eimpose" the "eath penalty %as
not yet in effect& -n any e(ent, the
pesence of the miti*atin*
cicumstance of (oluntay
suen"e impels the imposition of
the minimum peio" of the
applicable penalty, reclusion
temporalDmaimumE& $pplyin* the
-n"eteminate .entence /a%,
appellant shoul" be sentence"
toprision mayorin its maimum
peio" to reclusion temporal also in
its maimum peio"&
7& -&= -&= C-V-/ -!M!-'@=
-!C2$. -!M!-'@
$V$-/$/ O!/@ 'O 2$)
V-C'-M.& B Citin* People !s"
#ictor, 5&2& !o& 17903, pp& 1F
1G, July 9, 1996,per curiam, the
solicito *eneal a*ues that the
ci(il in"emnity shoul" be aise"
fom )F0,000 to )7F,000& 'his is
eoneous& -n the sai" case, the
Cout hel" that Hstatin* %ith the
case at ba, if the cime of ape is
committe" o effecti(ely ualifie"
by any of the cicumstances un"e
%hich the "eath penalty is
authoize" by the pesent amen"e"
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la%, the in"emnity fo the (ictim
shall be in the incease" amount of
not less than )7F,000&00&H
Ob(iously, that ulin*, %hich
in(ol(e" ape an" impose" the
"eath penalty, cannot apply to the
pesent case& ence, consistent%ith cuent ;uispu"ence, the
Cout affims the a%a" of )F0,000
as in"emnity e$ delicto&
D E " I S I O N
PN#NI!N,% p:
'ue, a fathe an" husban" has the"uty an" the i*ht to "efen"
himself, his family an" his home&
o%e(e, in o"e to successfully
in(o#e self"efense an" "efense of
elati(e, he must po(e, by clea
an" con(incin* e(i"ence, the
concuence of thee elements, the
most impotant of %hichis unla&ful aggression on the pat
of the (ictim& $bsent unla%ful
a**ession, these "efenses
collapse an" the accuse" must be
con(icte"& c"phil
The Case
fen Men"oza y .al(a"o %ascha*e" %ith mu"e fo the July
14, 1993 #illin* of $nchito $& !ano&
efoe the 2e*ional 'ial Cout of
aet, Camaines !ote, an
-nfomation $%as file" a*ainst him
on .eptembe 9, 1993, alle*in* as
follo%s:
H'hat on o about 7:30
o< cloc# o8n the
e(enin* of July 14,
1993, at *y&
Manlucu*an,
M8unicipality of
Vinzons, )8o(ince ofCamaines !ote, an"
%ithin the ;uis"iction of
this onoable Cout,
the abo(ename"
accuse" "i" then an"
thee %illfully,
unla%fully an"
feloniously %ith"elibeate intent to #ill,
%ith teachey an"
e(i"ent peme"itation,
assault, attac# an"
hac# %ith a bolo one
$!C-'O $& !$!O,
theeby inflictin* upon
the latte multiple
hac#in* %oun"s, %hich
%ee the poimate
cause of his
instantaneous "eath, to
the "ama*e an"
pe;u"ice of the heis of
the (ictim&
HCO!'2$2@ 'O /$+&H %
uin* his aai*nment on Octobe
, 1993,appellant, %ith the
assistance of $tty& /eo -ntia,
entee" a plea of not *uilty& &On
!o(embe G, 1997, afte tial in
"ue couse, the couta
uo en"ee" its assaile" nine
http://0-cdasiaonline.com.lib1000.dlsu.edu.ph/jurisprudences/6032?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=6032&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=327+SCRA+695&q%5Bfull_text%5D=people+v.+mendoza&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=2000#footnote1_0http://0-cdasiaonline.com.lib1000.dlsu.edu.ph/jurisprudences/6032?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=6032&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=327+SCRA+695&q%5Bfull_text%5D=people+v.+mendoza&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=2000#footnote2_0http://0-cdasiaonline.com.lib1000.dlsu.edu.ph/jurisprudences/6032?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=6032&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=327+SCRA+695&q%5Bfull_text%5D=people+v.+mendoza&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=2000#footnote3_0http://0-cdasiaonline.com.lib1000.dlsu.edu.ph/jurisprudences/6032?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=6032&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=327+SCRA+695&q%5Bfull_text%5D=people+v.+mendoza&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=2000#footnote2_0http://0-cdasiaonline.com.lib1000.dlsu.edu.ph/jurisprudences/6032?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=6032&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=327+SCRA+695&q%5Bfull_text%5D=people+v.+mendoza&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=2000#footnote3_0http://0-cdasiaonline.com.lib1000.dlsu.edu.ph/jurisprudences/6032?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=6032&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=327+SCRA+695&q%5Bfull_text%5D=people+v.+mendoza&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=2000#footnote1_0 -
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pa*e ecision, 'the "ispositi(e
potion of %hich ea"s:
H+2?O2, pemises
consi"ee", this cout
heeby fin"s the
accuse",fen Men"oza 5>-/'@
beyon" easonable
"oubt of the cime of
M>22 "efine" an"
penalize" un"e $ticle
46 of the 2e(ise"
)enal Co"e& 'he
miti*atin* cicumstance
of (oluntay suen"e
%ill not affect the
penalty impose" since it
is offset by the
a**a(atin*
cicumstance of
teachey& +heefoe,
he is heeby o"ee" to
suffe the penalty of2C/>.-O! )2)'>$,
an" to pay the heis of
the "ecease" the
follo%in*:
aE )F0,000&00 as "eath
in"emnity= an"
bE )30,000&00 as moal
"ama*es&
H'he bon" poste" fo
the po(isional libety
of sai" accuse" is
heeby C$!C//&
H.O O22&H (
ence, this appeal& )
The acts
The #ersion of the Prosecution
-n the )eople
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ai(e" late at the
scene of the cime&
Ia*a%a" .aman
"isco(ee" $nchito in a
#neelin* position
alea"y "ea"& e also
foun" D3E thee hac#%oun"s on the nape
an" t%o DE hac#
%oun"s at the bac# of
$nchito
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conclu"e" that nie
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H?2! M!OK$,
accuse"appellant,
testifie" that on July
14, 1993, at aoun"
7:30 in the8 e(enin*,
he %as at the comfot
oom 0 about metesa%ay fom thei house
%hen he hea" his %ife
shoutin* fo help& e
an imme"iately
to%a"s the "iection of
thei house an" sa%
$nchito !ano
"estoyin* the loc# ofthei %in"o%=8 hence
he loo#e" fo a piece of
%oo" but foun" a bolo
instea"& e late hea"
his son shout, HAma+
tinaga a,o&H e
appoache" $nchito
!ano to pe(ent him
fom entein* thei
house but the latte
tie" to hac# him& e
%as able to "eli(e a
hac#in* blo% ahea" of
the (ictim on the i*ht
si"e of the nec#&
'heeafte, he
imme"iately %ent tothe Municipal all of
Vinzons an"
suen"ee" (oluntaily
to the police authoity
D'.!, Mach 7, 199F,
pp& 36E&
H2!- M!OK$,
appellant
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mily Men"oza elati(e
to the hac#in* of his
son by $nchito !ano
%hich happene" on July
14, 1993 at about 7:30
in the e(enin* at thei
house D'.!, !o(embe7, 199F, pp& 4E&
H2& 5$>!C-O
$/$!O, the atten"in*
"octo %ho teate"
appellant
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may epel foce by
foce in "efense of
peson, habitation o
popety a*ainst
anyone %ho manifestly
inten"s o en"ea(os by
(iolence o supise tocommit a felony& ut
these cicumstances
suoun"in* the
inci"ent ne*ates the
alle*ations of the
accuse"
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%oul"8 enable the
(ictim to be a**esso&
'he a**ession must be
eal, o at least,
imminent an" not
meely ima*inay& 'he
a**esso2'
22 -! !O'>)O/-!5 '
'O2@ O? ?!.
O? 2/$'-V
.)O>. @ '
$CC>.$))//$!'
.)-'
CO22OO2$'-V
V-!C .>))O2'-!5
' .$M&
--
' '2-$/ CO>2'
22 -! CO!V-C'-!5
$CC>.$))//$!'
O? ' C2-M O?
M>22 .)-' '$.!C O?
A>$/-?@-!5
C-2C>M.'$!C. O?
'2$C2@ $!
V-!'
)2M-'$'-O! $.
http://0-cdasiaonline.com.lib1000.dlsu.edu.ph/jurisprudences/6032?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=6032&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=327+SCRA+695&q%5Bfull_text%5D=people+v.+mendoza&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=2000#footnote12_0http://0-cdasiaonline.com.lib1000.dlsu.edu.ph/jurisprudences/6032?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=6032&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=327+SCRA+695&q%5Bfull_text%5D=people+v.+mendoza&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=2000#footnote12_0 -
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$//5 -! '
-!?O2M$'-O!&H $&
The Court's uling
'he appeal is patly meitoious&
'he miti*atin* cicumstance of(oluntay suen"e shoul" be
appeciate" in appellant
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his se(enyeaol" son& $ppellant
li#e%ise a(es that !ano %as about
to sti#e him %hen the fome,
actin* instincti(ely, "eli(ee" the
fatal blo%s to the latte&
mily an" nie Men"oza,
appellant
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ai(e" at the cime scene, %%but
he "i" not mention anythin* about
an in;ue" chil"&
-n any e(ent, the tial cout
"isbelie(e" the testimonies of the
"efense %itnesses& 'he %ellsettle"ule is that the tial cout
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$ ecause - as#e" fo
%ate fom
mily Men"oza&
A $n" $nchito !ano
%as also thee
$ +e %ee to*ethe&
A @ou mean to say that
afte you ha" a
"in#,fen Men"oza ca
me
$ e came out
su""enly&
A & & & +8hee "i" he
come fom
$ e came fom outsi"e
of the house&
A +hat "i" he8 "o
upon ai(in*, if
any, this
fen Men"oza
$ e su""enly hac#e"&
A +ho
$ $nchito !ano&
A o% many times %as
$nchito !ano
hac#e" by
fen Men"oza, if
you #no%
$ - only sa% once, - ana%ay afte seein*
the fist hac#&H %)
#oluntary Surrender
$ppellant a*ues that the
miti*atin* cicumstance of
(oluntay suen"e shoul" be
appeciate" in his fa(o, becausehe imme"iately %ent to the
Municipal all an" suen"ee" to
the police on the ni*ht of the
inci"ent&
+e a*ee& 'o establish this
miti*atin* cicumstance, the
follo%in* thee euisites must be
sho%n: DaE the offen"e has not
been actually aeste"= DE the
offen"e suen"es himself to a
peson in authoity o the latte
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-n this case, all these euisites
%ee po(en& $ppellant
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Citin* People !" #ictor, &)the
solicito *eneal a*ues that the
ci(il in"emnity shoul" be aise"
fom )F0,000 to )7F,000& 'his is
eoneous& -n the sai" case, the
Cout hel" that Hstatin* %ith the
case at ba, if the cime of ape iscommitte" o effecti(ely ualifie"
by any of the cicumstances un"e
%hich the "eath penalty is
authoize" by the pesent amen"e"
la%, the in"emnity fo the (ictim
shall be in the incease" amount of
not less than )7F,000&00&H
Ob(iously, that ulin*, %hichin(ol(e" ape an" impose" the
"eath penalty, cannot apply to the
pesent case& ence, consistent
%ith cuent ;uispu"ence, 37 %e
affim the a%a" of )F0,000 as
in"emnity e$ delicto&
/i#e%ise, %e affim the a%a" of
moal "ama*es in the sum of)30,000 fo the an*uish an" the
%oun"e" feelin*s suffee" by the
(ictim
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13&$ppellantnla%ful a**ession=
.econ"& 2easonable necessity of
the means employe" to pe(ent o epel it=
'hi"& /ac# of sufficient po(ocation
on the pat of the peson "efen"in*
himself&
& $nyone %ho acts in "efense of
the peson o i*hts of his spouse,
ascen"ants, "escen"ants, o le*itimate,
natual o a"opte" bothes o sistes, o of
his elati(es by affinity in the same
"e*ees, an" those by consan*uinity %ithin
the fouth ci(il "e*ee, po(i"e" that the
fist an" secon" euisites pescibe" in
the net pece"in* cicumstance ae
pesent an" the futhe euisite, in case
the po(ocation %as *i(en by the peson
attac#e", that the one ma#in* the "efense
ha" no pat theein&H
1G&People !" Ca&aling, 93 .C2$ G7, July 6
1996= People !" Cayabyab, 74 .C2$ 367
June 19, 1997= People !" Camahalan, 41
.C2$ FF6, ?ebuay
199F= People !" Pe2ones, 00 .C2$ GF
$u*ust 1G, 1991= People !" (ausing, 199
.C2$ 3FF, July 16, 1991&
17&'.!, July 31, 199G, pp& 4G&
16&'.!, May 31, 1994, p& 17& .il(eio 2afae
testifie":
HA +hat "i" you obse(e
imme"iately %ithin the suoun"in* of the
bo"y of the (ictim
$ 'hee %as none& 'hee %as no
si*n of commotion o touble %hatsoe(e&
A i" you also fin" any %eapon
%ithin the (icinity %hee the copse of the
(ictim %as foun"
$ There &as none&H
19&hibits HCH, HC1H, HCH, HC3H an" HC4&H
2eco"s, pp& 66$, , C, an" &
0&'.!, June 6, 199F, p& F
"%in Men"oza "eclae":
HA $n" %hat happene" to you afte
you %ee hac#e" by $nchito !ano
$ - lost consciousness, si&H
1&'.!, Octobe , 199G, p& G&
&'.!, Mach 10, 1994, p& 19&
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7/24/2019 People vs. Mendoza
19/19
3&People !" errer, FF .C2$ 19, Mach 14,
199G= People !" 3ua, FG .C2$ F39, $pil
G, 199G&
4&People !" ebamontan,30F .C2$ G09, $pil 13,
1999=People !" Ca&aling, 93 .C2$ G7,
July 6, 1996=People !" Sol, 7 .C2$ 39,
May 7, 1997&
F&$ticle 14, pa& 1G, 2e(ise" )enal Co"e&
G&'.!, Mach 9, 1994, pp& 913&
7&People !" *eopante, G3 .C2$ G91, Octobe 30,
199G&
6&People !" amos, 9G .C2$ FF9, .eptembe F,
1996= People !" /madhay, 93 .C2$ F4F,
$u*ust 3, 1996&
9&2eco"s, p& 190&
30&ief fo the $ppellee, p& 10&
31&ecision, p& 9= rollo, p& 6&
3&2eyes, The e!ised Penal Code, oo# One, 1th
e"&, pp& 31G317&
33&>n"e 2$ 7GF9, %hich too# effect on ecembe
31, 1993, the penalty fo mu"e is
no%reclusion perpetuato "eath&
34&$ticle G4 DE, 2e(ise" )enal Co"e&
3F&.ection of the -n"eteminate .entence /a%
po(i"es that it "oes not apply Hto pesons
con(icte" of offensespunished %ith "eath
penalty o life impisonment= & & & &
Demphasis supplie"E ecause the la% use"
the %o" Hpunishe"H instea" of Hpunishable,H
%hat shoul" be consi"ee" is the penalty
actually impose", not the imposable penalty
D2eyes, supa, p& 776= see
also People !" Moises, GG .C2$ 1F1, $u*ust
13, 197F&E $cco"in*ly, the la% shoul" be
applie" in this case, because the maimum
penalty actually impose" is reclusion
temporalin its maimum peio"&
3G&5&2& !o& 1790G, pp& 1F1G, July 9, 1996, pe
cuiam&
37&People !" Quitlong, 52 !o& 11FG, July 10
1996= People !" 3agarte4a, 52 !o& 1709F
June , 1996= People !" Marollano, 52 !o
10F004, July 4, 1997= an" People !"Caballes, 52 !o& 10734, June 19, 1997&
NNN5People !" Mendo1a+ G"" 0o" 677789+ :March ;+
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