people vs. mendoza

7/24/2019 People vs. Mendoza

1/19

People of the Philppines vs

Efren Mendoza

Qualifying Circumstances cannotoffset Ordinary Mitigating

Circumstances

On July 14, 1993 about 7:30 pm inthe Municipality of Vinzons,Camaines !ote, Men"oza hac#e"$nchito !ano %ith a bolo %hich le"to the instant "eath of the accuse"&'he tial cout foun" the accuse"acte" %ith e(i"ent peme"itationhence con(icte" him of the cimemu"e %hich is punishable byeclusion pepetua& )io to tial he(oluntaily suen"ee" but it %asnot appeciate" as a miti*atin*

cicumstance&

ISSUE:+hethe o not the tiacout ee" in ulin* that themiti*atin* cicumstance of(oluntay suen"ee" %as offsetby the a**a(atin* cicumstance ofteachey&

HELD:'eachey is a ualifyin*cicumstance in the pesent casetheefoe it cannot offset themiti*atin* cicumstance of(oluntay suen"e& 'heefoe,pusuant to the -n"eteminate.entence /a%, the accuse" shoul"be sentence" to pision mayo in

its maimum peio" to eclusiontempoal in its minimum peio"&

'-2 -V-.-O!

5&2& !o& 13336& Mach 9, 000&8

PEOPLE OF THEPHILIPPINES,plaintiff

-appellee, vs.

EFREN MENDOZA y

SALVADOR,accused-

appellant&

The Solicitor General fo plaintiff

appellee&

Public Attorney's Office fo

accuse"appellant&

SYNOPSIS

fen Men"oza %as cha*e" befoe

the 2e*ional 'ial Cout of aet,

Camaines !ote %ith mu"e fo

the #illin* of $nchito $& !ano& e

entee" a plea of not *uilty& $fte

tial in "ue couse, the cout a

uoen"ee" a ;u"*ment fin"in*

him *uilty beyon" easonable

"oubt an" %as sentence" to suffe

the penalty of reclusion perpetua&

'he tial cout e;ecte" his plea of

self"efense, hol"in* that his claim

%as "ebun#e" by the posecution

%itnesses< testimonies, %hich %ee

moe ce"ible& -n this appeabefoe the .upeme Cout, the

appellant a"mitte" ha(in* hac#e"

to "eath the (ictim, but (i*oously

insiste" that he "i" so to "efen"

himself, his family an" his

home& C.a'


2/19

'he .upeme Cout affime"

appellant!'$2@

.>22!2= 2A>-.-'.& B 'o

establish the miti*atin*

cicumstance of (oluntay

suen"e, the follo%in* thee

euisites must be sho%n: DaE the

offen"e has not been actually

aeste"= DbE the offen"e


3/19

suen"es himself to a peson in

authoity o the latteM.'$!C& B 'he cout a

uofaile" to appeciate the

"istinction bet%een a *eneic

a**a(atin* cicumstance an" a

ualifyin* one& $ ualifyin*

cicumstance chan*es the natue

of the cime& $ *eneic a**a(atin*

cicumstance, on the othe han",

"oes not affect the "esi*nation ofthe cime= it meely po(i"es fo

the imposition of the pescibe"

penalty in its maimum peio"&

'hus, %hile a *eneic a**a(atin*

cicumstance may be offset by a

miti*atin* cicumstance, a

ualifyin* cicumstance may not&

'eachey in the pesent case is aualifyin*, not a *eneic

a**a(atin* cicumstance& -ts

pesence se(e" to chaacteize"

the #illin* as mu"e= it cannot at

the same time be consi"ee" as a

*eneic a**a(atin* cicumstance

to %aant the imposition of the

maimum penalty& 'hus, it cannot

offset (oluntay suen"e&

G& C2-M-!$/ /$+= M>22=

)2O)2 )!$/'@= C$. $' $2& B

+hen the cime %as committe" on

July 14, 1993, the penalty fomu"e %as reclusion temporal, in

its maimum peio", to "eath& $t

the time, ho%e(e, 2$ 7GF9 %hich

eimpose" the "eath penalty %as

not yet in effect& -n any e(ent, the

pesence of the miti*atin*

cicumstance of (oluntay

suen"e impels the imposition of

the minimum peio" of the

applicable penalty, reclusion

temporalDmaimumE& $pplyin* the

-n"eteminate .entence /a%,

appellant shoul" be sentence"

toprision mayorin its maimum

peio" to reclusion temporal also in

its maimum peio"&

7& -&= -&= C-V-/ -!M!-'@=

-!C2$. -!M!-'@

$V$-/$/ O!/@ 'O 2$)

V-C'-M.& B Citin* People !s"

#ictor, 5&2& !o& 17903, pp& 1F

1G, July 9, 1996,per curiam, the

solicito *eneal a*ues that the

ci(il in"emnity shoul" be aise"

fom )F0,000 to )7F,000& 'his is

eoneous& -n the sai" case, the

Cout hel" that Hstatin* %ith the

case at ba, if the cime of ape is

committe" o effecti(ely ualifie"

by any of the cicumstances un"e

%hich the "eath penalty is

authoize" by the pesent amen"e"


4/19

la%, the in"emnity fo the (ictim

shall be in the incease" amount of

not less than )7F,000&00&H

Ob(iously, that ulin*, %hich

in(ol(e" ape an" impose" the

"eath penalty, cannot apply to the

pesent case& ence, consistent%ith cuent ;uispu"ence, the

Cout affims the a%a" of )F0,000

as in"emnity e$ delicto&

D E " I S I O N

PN#NI!N,% p:

'ue, a fathe an" husban" has the"uty an" the i*ht to "efen"

himself, his family an" his home&

o%e(e, in o"e to successfully

in(o#e self"efense an" "efense of

elati(e, he must po(e, by clea

an" con(incin* e(i"ence, the

concuence of thee elements, the

most impotant of %hichis unla&ful aggression on the pat

of the (ictim& $bsent unla%ful

a**ession, these "efenses

collapse an" the accuse" must be

con(icte"& c"phil

The Case

fen Men"oza y .al(a"o %ascha*e" %ith mu"e fo the July

14, 1993 #illin* of $nchito $& !ano&

efoe the 2e*ional 'ial Cout of

aet, Camaines !ote, an

-nfomation $%as file" a*ainst him

on .eptembe 9, 1993, alle*in* as

follo%s:

H'hat on o about 7:30

o< cloc# o8n the

e(enin* of July 14,

1993, at *y&

Manlucu*an,

M8unicipality of

Vinzons, )8o(ince ofCamaines !ote, an"

%ithin the ;uis"iction of

this onoable Cout,

the abo(ename"

accuse" "i" then an"

thee %illfully,

unla%fully an"

feloniously %ith"elibeate intent to #ill,

%ith teachey an"

e(i"ent peme"itation,

assault, attac# an"

hac# %ith a bolo one

$!C-'O $& !$!O,

theeby inflictin* upon

the latte multiple

hac#in* %oun"s, %hich

%ee the poimate

cause of his

instantaneous "eath, to

the "ama*e an"

pe;u"ice of the heis of

the (ictim&

HCO!'2$2@ 'O /$+&H %

uin* his aai*nment on Octobe

, 1993,appellant, %ith the

assistance of $tty& /eo -ntia,

entee" a plea of not *uilty& &On

!o(embe G, 1997, afte tial in

"ue couse, the couta

uo en"ee" its assaile" nine
http://0-cdasiaonline.com.lib1000.dlsu.edu.ph/jurisprudences/6032?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=6032&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=327+SCRA+695&q%5Bfull_text%5D=people+v.+mendoza&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=2000#footnote1_0http://0-cdasiaonline.com.lib1000.dlsu.edu.ph/jurisprudences/6032?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=6032&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=327+SCRA+695&q%5Bfull_text%5D=people+v.+mendoza&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=2000#footnote2_0http://0-cdasiaonline.com.lib1000.dlsu.edu.ph/jurisprudences/6032?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=6032&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=327+SCRA+695&q%5Bfull_text%5D=people+v.+mendoza&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=2000#footnote3_0http://0-cdasiaonline.com.lib1000.dlsu.edu.ph/jurisprudences/6032?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=6032&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=327+SCRA+695&q%5Bfull_text%5D=people+v.+mendoza&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=2000#footnote2_0http://0-cdasiaonline.com.lib1000.dlsu.edu.ph/jurisprudences/6032?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=6032&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=327+SCRA+695&q%5Bfull_text%5D=people+v.+mendoza&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=2000#footnote3_0http://0-cdasiaonline.com.lib1000.dlsu.edu.ph/jurisprudences/6032?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=6032&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=327+SCRA+695&q%5Bfull_text%5D=people+v.+mendoza&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=2000#footnote1_0


5/19

pa*e ecision, 'the "ispositi(e

potion of %hich ea"s:

H+2?O2, pemises

consi"ee", this cout

heeby fin"s the

accuse",fen Men"oza 5>-/'@

beyon" easonable

"oubt of the cime of

M>22 "efine" an"

penalize" un"e $ticle

46 of the 2e(ise"

)enal Co"e& 'he

miti*atin* cicumstance

of (oluntay suen"e

%ill not affect the

penalty impose" since it

is offset by the

a**a(atin*

cicumstance of

teachey& +heefoe,

he is heeby o"ee" to

suffe the penalty of2C/>.-O! )2)'>$,

an" to pay the heis of

the "ecease" the

follo%in*:

aE )F0,000&00 as "eath

in"emnity= an"

bE )30,000&00 as moal

"ama*es&

H'he bon" poste" fo

the po(isional libety

of sai" accuse" is

heeby C$!C//&

H.O O22&H (

ence, this appeal& )

The acts

The #ersion of the Prosecution

-n the )eople


6/19

ai(e" late at the

scene of the cime&

Ia*a%a" .aman

"isco(ee" $nchito in a

#neelin* position

alea"y "ea"& e also

foun" D3E thee hac#%oun"s on the nape

an" t%o DE hac#

%oun"s at the bac# of

$nchito


7/19

conclu"e" that nie


8/19

H?2! M!OK$,

accuse"appellant,

testifie" that on July

14, 1993, at aoun"

7:30 in the8 e(enin*,

he %as at the comfot

oom 0 about metesa%ay fom thei house

%hen he hea" his %ife

shoutin* fo help& e

an imme"iately

to%a"s the "iection of

thei house an" sa%

$nchito !ano

"estoyin* the loc# ofthei %in"o%=8 hence

he loo#e" fo a piece of

%oo" but foun" a bolo

instea"& e late hea"

his son shout, HAma+

tinaga a,o&H e

appoache" $nchito

!ano to pe(ent him

fom entein* thei

house but the latte

tie" to hac# him& e

%as able to "eli(e a

hac#in* blo% ahea" of

the (ictim on the i*ht

si"e of the nec#&

'heeafte, he

imme"iately %ent tothe Municipal all of

Vinzons an"

suen"ee" (oluntaily

to the police authoity

D'.!, Mach 7, 199F,

pp& 36E&

H2!- M!OK$,

appellant


9/19

mily Men"oza elati(e

to the hac#in* of his

son by $nchito !ano

%hich happene" on July

14, 1993 at about 7:30

in the e(enin* at thei

house D'.!, !o(embe7, 199F, pp& 4E&

H2& 5$>!C-O

$/$!O, the atten"in*

"octo %ho teate"

appellant


10/19

may epel foce by

foce in "efense of

peson, habitation o

popety a*ainst

anyone %ho manifestly

inten"s o en"ea(os by

(iolence o supise tocommit a felony& ut

these cicumstances

suoun"in* the

inci"ent ne*ates the

alle*ations of the

accuse"


11/19

%oul"8 enable the

(ictim to be a**esso&

'he a**ession must be

eal, o at least,

imminent an" not

meely ima*inay& 'he

a**esso2'

22 -! !O'>)O/-!5 '

'O2@ O? ?!.

O? 2/$'-V

.)O>. @ '

$CC>.$))//$!'

.)-'

CO22OO2$'-V

V-!C .>))O2'-!5

' .$M&

--

' '2-$/ CO>2'

22 -! CO!V-C'-!5

$CC>.$))//$!'

O? ' C2-M O?

M>22 .)-' '$.!C O?

A>$/-?@-!5

C-2C>M.'$!C. O?

'2$C2@ $!

V-!'

)2M-'$'-O! $.
http://0-cdasiaonline.com.lib1000.dlsu.edu.ph/jurisprudences/6032?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=6032&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=327+SCRA+695&q%5Bfull_text%5D=people+v.+mendoza&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=2000#footnote12_0http://0-cdasiaonline.com.lib1000.dlsu.edu.ph/jurisprudences/6032?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=6032&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=327+SCRA+695&q%5Bfull_text%5D=people+v.+mendoza&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=2000#footnote12_0


12/19

$//5 -! '

-!?O2M$'-O!&H $&

The Court's uling

'he appeal is patly meitoious&

'he miti*atin* cicumstance of(oluntay suen"e shoul" be

appeciate" in appellant


13/19

his se(enyeaol" son& $ppellant

li#e%ise a(es that !ano %as about

to sti#e him %hen the fome,

actin* instincti(ely, "eli(ee" the

fatal blo%s to the latte&

mily an" nie Men"oza,

appellant


14/19

ai(e" at the cime scene, %%but

he "i" not mention anythin* about

an in;ue" chil"&

-n any e(ent, the tial cout

"isbelie(e" the testimonies of the

"efense %itnesses& 'he %ellsettle"ule is that the tial cout


15/19

$ ecause - as#e" fo

%ate fom

mily Men"oza&

A $n" $nchito !ano

%as also thee

$ +e %ee to*ethe&

A @ou mean to say that

afte you ha" a

"in#,fen Men"oza ca

me

$ e came out

su""enly&

A & & & +8hee "i" he

come fom

$ e came fom outsi"e

of the house&

A +hat "i" he8 "o

upon ai(in*, if

any, this

fen Men"oza

$ e su""enly hac#e"&

A +ho

$ $nchito !ano&

A o% many times %as

$nchito !ano

hac#e" by

fen Men"oza, if

you #no%

$ - only sa% once, - ana%ay afte seein*

the fist hac#&H %)

#oluntary Surrender

$ppellant a*ues that the

miti*atin* cicumstance of

(oluntay suen"e shoul" be

appeciate" in his fa(o, becausehe imme"iately %ent to the

Municipal all an" suen"ee" to

the police on the ni*ht of the

inci"ent&

+e a*ee& 'o establish this

miti*atin* cicumstance, the

follo%in* thee euisites must be

sho%n: DaE the offen"e has not

been actually aeste"= DE the

offen"e suen"es himself to a

peson in authoity o the latte


16/19

-n this case, all these euisites

%ee po(en& $ppellant


17/19

Citin* People !" #ictor, &)the

solicito *eneal a*ues that the

ci(il in"emnity shoul" be aise"

fom )F0,000 to )7F,000& 'his is

eoneous& -n the sai" case, the

Cout hel" that Hstatin* %ith the

case at ba, if the cime of ape iscommitte" o effecti(ely ualifie"

by any of the cicumstances un"e

%hich the "eath penalty is

authoize" by the pesent amen"e"

la%, the in"emnity fo the (ictim

shall be in the incease" amount of

not less than )7F,000&00&H

Ob(iously, that ulin*, %hichin(ol(e" ape an" impose" the

"eath penalty, cannot apply to the

pesent case& ence, consistent

%ith cuent ;uispu"ence, 37 %e

affim the a%a" of )F0,000 as

in"emnity e$ delicto&

/i#e%ise, %e affim the a%a" of

moal "ama*es in the sum of)30,000 fo the an*uish an" the

%oun"e" feelin*s suffee" by the

(ictim


18/19

13&$ppellantnla%ful a**ession=

.econ"& 2easonable necessity of

the means employe" to pe(ent o epel it=

'hi"& /ac# of sufficient po(ocation

on the pat of the peson "efen"in*

himself&

& $nyone %ho acts in "efense of

the peson o i*hts of his spouse,

ascen"ants, "escen"ants, o le*itimate,

natual o a"opte" bothes o sistes, o of

his elati(es by affinity in the same

"e*ees, an" those by consan*uinity %ithin

the fouth ci(il "e*ee, po(i"e" that the

fist an" secon" euisites pescibe" in

the net pece"in* cicumstance ae

pesent an" the futhe euisite, in case

the po(ocation %as *i(en by the peson

attac#e", that the one ma#in* the "efense

ha" no pat theein&H

1G&People !" Ca&aling, 93 .C2$ G7, July 6

1996= People !" Cayabyab, 74 .C2$ 367

June 19, 1997= People !" Camahalan, 41

.C2$ FF6, ?ebuay

199F= People !" Pe2ones, 00 .C2$ GF

$u*ust 1G, 1991= People !" (ausing, 199

.C2$ 3FF, July 16, 1991&

17&'.!, July 31, 199G, pp& 4G&

16&'.!, May 31, 1994, p& 17& .il(eio 2afae

testifie":

HA +hat "i" you obse(e

imme"iately %ithin the suoun"in* of the

bo"y of the (ictim

$ 'hee %as none& 'hee %as no

si*n of commotion o touble %hatsoe(e&

A i" you also fin" any %eapon

%ithin the (icinity %hee the copse of the

(ictim %as foun"

$ There &as none&H

19&hibits HCH, HC1H, HCH, HC3H an" HC4&H

2eco"s, pp& 66$, , C, an" &

0&'.!, June 6, 199F, p& F

"%in Men"oza "eclae":

HA $n" %hat happene" to you afte

you %ee hac#e" by $nchito !ano

$ - lost consciousness, si&H

1&'.!, Octobe , 199G, p& G&

&'.!, Mach 10, 1994, p& 19&
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19/19

3&People !" errer, FF .C2$ 19, Mach 14,

199G= People !" 3ua, FG .C2$ F39, $pil

G, 199G&

4&People !" ebamontan,30F .C2$ G09, $pil 13,

1999=People !" Ca&aling, 93 .C2$ G7,

July 6, 1996=People !" Sol, 7 .C2$ 39,

May 7, 1997&

F&$ticle 14, pa& 1G, 2e(ise" )enal Co"e&

G&'.!, Mach 9, 1994, pp& 913&

7&People !" *eopante, G3 .C2$ G91, Octobe 30,

199G&

6&People !" amos, 9G .C2$ FF9, .eptembe F,

1996= People !" /madhay, 93 .C2$ F4F,

$u*ust 3, 1996&

9&2eco"s, p& 190&

30&ief fo the $ppellee, p& 10&

31&ecision, p& 9= rollo, p& 6&

3&2eyes, The e!ised Penal Code, oo# One, 1th

e"&, pp& 31G317&

33&>n"e 2$ 7GF9, %hich too# effect on ecembe

31, 1993, the penalty fo mu"e is

no%reclusion perpetuato "eath&

34&$ticle G4 DE, 2e(ise" )enal Co"e&

3F&.ection of the -n"eteminate .entence /a%

po(i"es that it "oes not apply Hto pesons

con(icte" of offensespunished %ith "eath

penalty o life impisonment= & & & &

Demphasis supplie"E ecause the la% use"

the %o" Hpunishe"H instea" of Hpunishable,H

%hat shoul" be consi"ee" is the penalty

actually impose", not the imposable penalty

D2eyes, supa, p& 776= see

also People !" Moises, GG .C2$ 1F1, $u*ust

13, 197F&E $cco"in*ly, the la% shoul" be

applie" in this case, because the maimum

penalty actually impose" is reclusion

temporalin its maimum peio"&

3G&5&2& !o& 1790G, pp& 1F1G, July 9, 1996, pe

cuiam&

37&People !" Quitlong, 52 !o& 11FG, July 10

1996= People !" 3agarte4a, 52 !o& 1709F

June , 1996= People !" Marollano, 52 !o

10F004, July 4, 1997= an" People !"Caballes, 52 !o& 10734, June 19, 1997&

NNN5People !" Mendo1a+ G"" 0o" 677789+ :March ;+

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people vs. mendoza

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