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Phantom Simulation of Liver Phantom Simulation of Liver Motion During BreathingMotion During Breathing
Group Members:Group Members:Ian DallmeyerIan DallmeyerTuta GuerraTuta Guerra
Ian HenderlongIan Henderlong
Advisor:Advisor:Dr. Bob GallowayDr. Bob Galloway
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BackgroundBackground
Over 17,550 people in the U.S. diagnosed Over 17,550 people in the U.S. diagnosed with primary liver cancer in 2005. 15,420 with primary liver cancer in 2005. 15,420 will die of liver cancer in 2005.will die of liver cancer in 2005.
Cancers often spread throughout the liver.Cancers often spread throughout the liver.– Traditional surgery difficult/not possible.Traditional surgery difficult/not possible.
No IGS techniques for the abdomen.No IGS techniques for the abdomen.– Respiratory motionRespiratory motion– Most IGS techniques limited to brain, spine, and Most IGS techniques limited to brain, spine, and
ENTENT
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ProblemProblem
Need an anatomically correct model which Need an anatomically correct model which accurately simulates liver motion due to accurately simulates liver motion due to breathing to test IGLS techniques.breathing to test IGLS techniques.
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Advantages of Phantom ModelAdvantages of Phantom Model
Porcine LiverPorcine Liver Approx. $1,000 – $2,000 per Approx. $1,000 – $2,000 per
liverliver Not anatomically correctNot anatomically correct Not reusable Not reusable
Phantom modelPhantom model Anatomically correctAnatomically correct Reusable Reusable Time and space-savingTime and space-saving Cost effectiveCost effective
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Market PotentialMarket Potential
Current methods too Current methods too invasiveinvasive– Open liver resectionOpen liver resection– Low survival rateLow survival rate– Long recovery periodsLong recovery periods
Estimated market for Estimated market for IGLS 10x current IGNS IGLS 10x current IGNS marketmarket
IGLS: $3.0-$7.5 billionIGLS: $3.0-$7.5 billion International MarketInternational Market
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Alternatives to Modeling Alternatives to Modeling Liver MotionLiver Motion
High-Frequency Jet VentilationHigh-Frequency Jet Ventilation– DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Maximum Duration of 45 min.Maximum Duration of 45 min. Cardiovascular ComplicationsCardiovascular Complications Patient ResponsePatient Response ExpensiveExpensive
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Phantom Liver System DesignPhantom Liver System DesignTop View Side View
Muscle Wire
Muscle Wire
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Shape Memory AlloyShape Memory Alloy
Shape memory alloys Shape memory alloys deform upon heatingdeform upon heating– Martensite – low T, Martensite – low T,
soft, deformablesoft, deformable– Austenite – higher T, Austenite – higher T,
hard, non-deformablehard, non-deformable
Other SMA’s - Other SMA’s - CuZnAl, and CuAlNi CuZnAl, and CuAlNi
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Muscle Wire SpecsMuscle Wire Specs
Alloy: nitinolAlloy: nitinol R 50 R 50 /m/m Activation T 70Activation T 70ooCC Diameter = 150mmDiameter = 150mm Act. Current = 400 mAAct. Current = 400 mA VVact act =~ 10V=~ 10V
Cooling time = 2 sCooling time = 2 s
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Design SpecsDesign Specs
1-D Linear motion 1-D Linear motion (cranial- caudal) (cranial- caudal)
10.8 10.8 ++ 2.5 mm 2.5 mm (ATLM)(ATLM)
Breath Frequency Breath Frequency ~= .11 Hz. (1 ~= .11 Hz. (1 breath/9 sec)breath/9 sec)
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Current WorkCurrent Work
Testing of Muscle Wire Testing of Muscle Wire
Developing a power sourceDeveloping a power source
Construction of track systemConstruction of track system
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Future WorkFuture Work
Construction of PVC housingConstruction of PVC housing
Research for final paper/posterResearch for final paper/poster
Total model assemblyTotal model assembly
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ReferencesReferences
Herline AJ, Stefansic JD, Debelak JP, Hartmann SL, Wright Pinson C, Herline AJ, Stefansic JD, Debelak JP, Hartmann SL, Wright Pinson C, Galloway RL, Chapman WC. Image Guided Surgery: Preliminary; Feasibility Galloway RL, Chapman WC. Image Guided Surgery: Preliminary; Feasibility Studies of Frameless Stereotactic Liver Surgery. June 1999 Studies of Frameless Stereotactic Liver Surgery. June 1999 Archives of Archives of SurgerySurgery 134:644-650 134:644-650
Tarczy-Hornoch P, Jones D, Zerom B, Woodrum D, and Berk R. Mechanical Tarczy-Hornoch P, Jones D, Zerom B, Woodrum D, and Berk R. Mechanical Ventilators. [Online] Available Ventilators. [Online] Available http://http://weberweber.u..u.washingtonwashington..eduedu/~neonatal/NICU/~neonatal/NICU--WEB/vents.html, 1998. WEB/vents.html, 1998.