Download - Physiotherapy managment of common problems
What Happens at the Physiotherapist
Cameron Bulluss Titled Musculoskeletal
Physiotherapist
Choosing a Physiotherapist
• Extra qualifica?ons, ?tles or specialisa?on – Musculoskeletal – Sports
• Relevant experience • Physical Capacity of Physiotherapist • Communica?on policy • Equipment and space • Clinical approach – Exercise and hands-‐on versus electrotherapy
This talk
• Which condi?ons you should send to physiotherapy
• What happens when you send someone
When to bypass a Physio Ini?ally • Suspected fracture • Tumor • Major ligamentous disrup?on eg ACL (concurrent) • Neurovascular signs and symptoms • The hot knee • Possible slipped capital femoral epiphysis • Symptoms dispropor?onate to mechanism • Acute locked knee – either loose body or bucket handle meniscal tear
• Extensor mechanism disrup?on
When to send to physio first
• Osteoarthri?s • Spor?ng/Occupa?onal Injuries – Most Ligament injuries – Most Meniscal injuries – Tendinopathies – Patellofemoral pain – Trac?on apoposysi?s
Typical Ini+al Consulta+on (30-‐60 minutes)
• History including medical history, meds etc • Physical examina?on and measurement • Explana?on of problem, consent • Outcome measures • Goal seSng and planning • Interven?on • Communica?on with referrers
Knee Managment
• Exercise is main interven?on • Also – Manual therapy – Muscle s?mula?on – Strapping – Bracing
Interven?ons Should Not Include
• Electrotherapy, hot packs or icepacks as main interven?on
• Alterna?ve medicine
Osteoarthr?ts
Osteoarthri?s
• The most common musculoskeletal disorder • The leading cause of pain an disability in the community
• Prevalence expected to double by 2020 • Will usually improve with physio interven?on (70 -‐ 80%)
Age and Gender (MJA March 2004)
OA effects the en?re synovial joint
• Ar?cular Car?lage • Bone • Synovium • Periar?cular So[ Tissues
• Muscles • Nerves
Subchondral Bone
• Much of the pain comes from the subchondral bone (Hunter 2009 Radiological Clinics North America 2009 (539 -‐531)
OA knee pa?ent presents with
• Pain and func?onal loss • Deformity • Loss of movement • Muscle atrophy • Loss of propriocep?on/balance
Outcome Measures – Koos Knee Survey
• If we can improve – Loss of movement – Muscle atrophy – Loss of propriocep?on/balance – BMI – Load
– Pain will reduce and func.on will improve 70 -‐ 80 % of the .me
– Slow progression of the disease
This can only be achieved with exercise
• Non impact – walking o[en not ideal • Whole body • Cardio • Balance • Open chain • Minimum 12 week program
Strengthening
• Load Sharing Occurs Between Joints and Muscles • Muscle weakness is likely to be present in knees with
symptoma<c Osteoarthri<s. • It is also likely to be a risk factor for the development
and progression of knee osteoarthri<s. (Ann Intern Med. 1997)
• Muscle weakness is probably more important in the pathogenesis of OA than wear and tear (Br J Sports Med 2004)
Keys to Management Weight Reduc?on
• For every 2 units of BMI increase there is a 36% increase in the risk of developing knee OA
• For every 2 units of BMI increase there is a 36% increase in the risk of developing knee OA
• BMI>30 there is a 20 fold increased risk of knee OA • Body fat % perhaps more important than BMI • Inflammatory proteins such as cytokinenes may contribute
to sensi?sa?on of nerve endings, • Connec?ve ?ssue degenera?on
Reducing Load with shoes
Brooks Addic+on
Clinical Guidelines -‐ AAOS
Recommenda+on 1 We suggest pa?ents with symptoma?c OA of the knee ......incorporate ac?vity modifica?ons (e.g. walking instead of running; alterna?ve ac?vi?es) into their lifestyle.
Clinical Guidelines -‐ AAOS
Recommenda+on 3 We recommend pa?ents with symptoma?c OA of the knee, who are overweight (as defined by a BMI>25), should be encouraged to lose weight (a minimum of five percent (5%) of body weight)
Clinical Guidelines -‐ AAOS
Recommenda+on 6 We suggest quadriceps strengthening for pa?ents with symptoma?c OA of the knee.
Ligament Injuries
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears
• Common • 50% of pa?ents will have OA changes at 10 years
• Whether reconstruc?on is needed or not Physio is useful
Acute Care
• RICE • Gentle exercises to restore knee func?on • With isolated ACL knee will gradually segle (6 – 8 weeks) and can feel normal)
• Pre-‐opera?ve Physio is crucial to – Restore range of mo?on – Restore quadriceps func?on – And will result in lower post surgical morbidity
Post-‐opera?ve Physiotherapy ACL Tear
• 6 -‐12 months • Approximately 150 rehab sessions to restore range, strength and neuromuscular control of which approximately 20 should be fully supervised
• 20 – 30 different exercises used • Must have a gym
ACL PREVENTION PROGRAMS
• Preven?on very important • Sophis?cated exercise programming – 6 – 12 different exercises – Knee control when landing, and changing direc?on
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Preven+on – PEP program (Santa Monica Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Research Founda+on)
• 1041 female subjects, RCT • Results: During the 2000 season, there was an 83% decrease in anterior cruciate ligament injury in the enrolled subjects compared to the control group.
Collateral Ligament Tears
• Medial Collateral ligament is most common • These do not require reconstruc?on in most cases and will heal well with a conserva?ve approach in 4 – 16 weeks
• Demonstrate knee ranger brace
Acute Meniscal Tears
Adolescent • Place on crutches NWB and
refer for immediate orthopaedic opinion
• These are repairable in some situa?ons if seen early
Adult • Unless acute locked knee
(indica?ng bucket handle tear) , refer to Physio with concurrent orthopaedic referral
Degenera?ve Meniscal Tears
• Older pa?ent (> 45 yo) • Slow onset of symptoms • Trial 6 weeks of Physio first – Strengthening – BMI/adiposity op?misa?on
• Menisectomy followed by 6-‐8 weeks of exercises if conserva?ve care fails
Patellofemoral Pain
• Variety of causes • Generally Physiotherapy referral will suffice and treatment typically consists of – Quadriceps strengthening – Stretching exercises – Patella tape – Biomechanical correc?on – Hip strengthening – Correc?on of spor?ng technique – Load management