Transcript
Page 1: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

What  Happens  at  the  Physiotherapist  

Cameron  Bulluss  Titled  Musculoskeletal  

Physiotherapist  

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Choosing  a  Physiotherapist  

•  Extra  qualifica?ons,  ?tles  or  specialisa?on  – Musculoskeletal  –  Sports  

•  Relevant  experience  •  Physical  Capacity  of  Physiotherapist  •  Communica?on  policy  •  Equipment  and  space  •  Clinical  approach  –  Exercise  and  hands-­‐on  versus  electrotherapy  

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This  talk  

•  Which  condi?ons  you  should  send  to  physiotherapy  

•  What  happens  when  you  send  someone  

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When  to  bypass  a  Physio  Ini?ally  •  Suspected    fracture  •  Tumor  •  Major  ligamentous  disrup?on  eg  ACL  (concurrent)  •  Neurovascular  signs  and  symptoms  •  The  hot  knee  •  Possible  slipped  capital  femoral  epiphysis  •  Symptoms  dispropor?onate  to  mechanism  •  Acute  locked  knee  –  either  loose  body  or  bucket  handle  meniscal  tear  

•  Extensor  mechanism  disrup?on  

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When  to  send  to  physio  first  

•  Osteoarthri?s  •  Spor?ng/Occupa?onal  Injuries  – Most  Ligament  injuries  – Most  Meniscal  injuries  – Tendinopathies  – Patellofemoral  pain  – Trac?on  apoposysi?s  

 

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Typical    Ini+al  Consulta+on  (30-­‐60  minutes)  

•  History  including  medical  history,  meds  etc  •  Physical  examina?on  and  measurement  •  Explana?on  of  problem,  consent  •  Outcome  measures  •  Goal  seSng  and  planning  •  Interven?on  •  Communica?on  with  referrers  

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Knee  Managment  

•  Exercise  is  main  interven?on  •  Also  – Manual  therapy  – Muscle  s?mula?on  – Strapping  – Bracing  

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Interven?ons  Should  Not  Include  

•  Electrotherapy,  hot  packs  or  icepacks  as  main  interven?on  

•  Alterna?ve  medicine    

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Osteoarthr?ts  

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Osteoarthri?s  

•  The  most  common  musculoskeletal  disorder  •  The  leading  cause  of  pain  an  disability  in  the  community  

•  Prevalence  expected  to  double  by  2020  •  Will  usually  improve  with  physio  interven?on  (70  -­‐  80%)  

 

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Age  and  Gender  (MJA  March  2004)  

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OA  effects  the  en?re  synovial  joint  

•  Ar?cular  Car?lage  •  Bone  •  Synovium  •  Periar?cular  So[  Tissues    

•  Muscles  •  Nerves  

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Subchondral  Bone  

•  Much  of  the  pain  comes  from  the  subchondral  bone  (Hunter  2009  Radiological  Clinics  North  America  2009  (539  -­‐531)  

 

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OA  knee  pa?ent  presents  with    

•  Pain  and  func?onal  loss  •  Deformity  •  Loss  of  movement  •  Muscle  atrophy  •  Loss  of  propriocep?on/balance  

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Outcome  Measures  –  Koos  Knee  Survey  

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•  If  we  can  improve  –  Loss  of  movement  – Muscle  atrophy  –  Loss  of  propriocep?on/balance  –  BMI  –  Load  

–  Pain  will  reduce  and  func.on  will  improve  70  -­‐  80  %  of  the  .me  

–  Slow  progression  of  the  disease  

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This  can  only  be  achieved  with  exercise  

•  Non  impact  –  walking  o[en  not  ideal  •  Whole  body  •  Cardio  •  Balance  •  Open  chain    •  Minimum  12  week  program  

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Strengthening  

•  Load  Sharing  Occurs  Between  Joints  and  Muscles  •  Muscle  weakness  is  likely  to  be  present  in  knees  with  

symptoma<c  Osteoarthri<s.    •   It  is  also  likely  to  be  a  risk  factor  for  the  development  

and  progression  of  knee  osteoarthri<s.  (Ann  Intern  Med.  1997)  

•  Muscle  weakness  is  probably  more  important  in  the  pathogenesis  of  OA  than  wear  and  tear  (Br  J  Sports  Med  2004)  

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Keys  to  Management    Weight  Reduc?on  

•  For  every  2  units  of  BMI  increase  there  is  a  36%  increase  in  the  risk  of  developing  knee  OA  

•  For  every  2  units  of  BMI  increase  there  is  a  36%  increase  in  the  risk  of  developing  knee  OA  

•  BMI>30  there  is  a  20  fold  increased  risk  of  knee  OA  •  Body  fat  %  perhaps  more  important  than  BMI  •  Inflammatory  proteins  such  as  cytokinenes  may  contribute  

to  sensi?sa?on  of  nerve  endings,    •  Connec?ve  ?ssue  degenera?on    

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Reducing  Load  with  shoes  

Brooks  Addic+on  

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Clinical  Guidelines  -­‐  AAOS  

Recommenda+on  1      We  suggest  pa?ents  with  symptoma?c  OA  of  the  knee  ......incorporate  ac?vity  modifica?ons  (e.g.  walking  instead  of  running;  alterna?ve  ac?vi?es)  into  their  lifestyle.    

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Clinical  Guidelines  -­‐  AAOS  

Recommenda+on  3      We  recommend  pa?ents  with  symptoma?c  OA  of  the  knee,  who  are  overweight  (as  defined  by  a  BMI>25),  should  be  encouraged  to  lose  weight  (a  minimum  of  five  percent  (5%)  of  body  weight)  

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Clinical  Guidelines  -­‐  AAOS  

Recommenda+on  6      We  suggest  quadriceps  strengthening  for  pa?ents  with  symptoma?c  OA  of  the  knee.    

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Ligament  Injuries  

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Anterior  Cruciate  Ligament  Tears  

 •  Common  •  50%  of  pa?ents  will  have  OA  changes  at  10  years    

•  Whether  reconstruc?on  is  needed  or  not  Physio  is  useful    

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Acute  Care  

•  RICE  •  Gentle  exercises  to  restore  knee  func?on  •  With  isolated  ACL  knee  will  gradually  segle  (6  –  8  weeks)  and  can  feel  normal)  

•  Pre-­‐opera?ve  Physio  is  crucial  to  – Restore  range  of  mo?on  – Restore  quadriceps  func?on    – And  will  result  in  lower  post  surgical  morbidity  

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Post-­‐opera?ve  Physiotherapy  ACL  Tear  

•  6  -­‐12  months  •  Approximately  150  rehab  sessions  to  restore  range,  strength  and  neuromuscular  control  of  which  approximately  20  should  be  fully  supervised  

•  20  –  30  different  exercises  used  •  Must  have  a  gym  

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ACL  PREVENTION  PROGRAMS  

•  Preven?on  very  important  •  Sophis?cated  exercise  programming  – 6  –  12  different  exercises  – Knee  control  when  landing,  and  changing  direc?on  

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Anterior  Cruciate  Ligament  Injury  Preven+on  –  PEP  program  (Santa  Monica  Orthopaedic  and  Sports  Medicine  Research  Founda+on)  

•  1041  female  subjects,  RCT  •  Results:  During  the  2000  season,  there  was  an  83%  decrease  in  anterior  cruciate  ligament  injury  in  the  enrolled  subjects  compared  to        the  control  group.    

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Collateral  Ligament  Tears  

•  Medial  Collateral  ligament  is  most  common  •  These  do  not  require  reconstruc?on  in  most  cases  and  will  heal  well  with  a  conserva?ve  approach  in  4  –  16  weeks  

•  Demonstrate  knee  ranger  brace  

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Acute  Meniscal  Tears  

Adolescent  •  Place  on  crutches  NWB  and  

refer  for  immediate  orthopaedic  opinion  

•  These  are  repairable  in  some  situa?ons  if  seen  early  

 

Adult  •  Unless  acute  locked  knee  

(indica?ng  bucket  handle  tear)  ,  refer  to  Physio  with  concurrent  orthopaedic  referral  

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Degenera?ve  Meniscal  Tears  

•  Older  pa?ent  (>  45  yo)  •  Slow  onset  of  symptoms  •  Trial  6  weeks  of  Physio  first  – Strengthening  – BMI/adiposity  op?misa?on  

•  Menisectomy  followed  by  6-­‐8  weeks  of  exercises  if  conserva?ve  care  fails  

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Patellofemoral  Pain  

•  Variety  of  causes  •  Generally  Physiotherapy  referral  will  suffice  and  treatment  typically  consists  of  – Quadriceps  strengthening  –  Stretching  exercises  –  Patella  tape  –  Biomechanical  correc?on  – Hip  strengthening  –  Correc?on  of  spor?ng  technique  –  Load  management  


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