physiotherapy managment of common problems

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What Happens at the Physiotherapist Cameron Bulluss Titled Musculoskeletal Physiotherapist

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Physiotherapist or Physical therapists are important health providers and can contribute to enhanced outcomes in many common musculoseletal disorders including osteoarthritis, ACL injuries, tendinopathies, such as rotator cuff disorders, tennis elbow and achilles tendinopathy and muscle tears

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Page 1: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

What  Happens  at  the  Physiotherapist  

Cameron  Bulluss  Titled  Musculoskeletal  

Physiotherapist  

Page 2: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Choosing  a  Physiotherapist  

•  Extra  qualifica?ons,  ?tles  or  specialisa?on  – Musculoskeletal  –  Sports  

•  Relevant  experience  •  Physical  Capacity  of  Physiotherapist  •  Communica?on  policy  •  Equipment  and  space  •  Clinical  approach  –  Exercise  and  hands-­‐on  versus  electrotherapy  

Page 3: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

This  talk  

•  Which  condi?ons  you  should  send  to  physiotherapy  

•  What  happens  when  you  send  someone  

Page 4: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

When  to  bypass  a  Physio  Ini?ally  •  Suspected    fracture  •  Tumor  •  Major  ligamentous  disrup?on  eg  ACL  (concurrent)  •  Neurovascular  signs  and  symptoms  •  The  hot  knee  •  Possible  slipped  capital  femoral  epiphysis  •  Symptoms  dispropor?onate  to  mechanism  •  Acute  locked  knee  –  either  loose  body  or  bucket  handle  meniscal  tear  

•  Extensor  mechanism  disrup?on  

Page 5: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

When  to  send  to  physio  first  

•  Osteoarthri?s  •  Spor?ng/Occupa?onal  Injuries  – Most  Ligament  injuries  – Most  Meniscal  injuries  – Tendinopathies  – Patellofemoral  pain  – Trac?on  apoposysi?s  

 

Page 6: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Typical    Ini+al  Consulta+on  (30-­‐60  minutes)  

•  History  including  medical  history,  meds  etc  •  Physical  examina?on  and  measurement  •  Explana?on  of  problem,  consent  •  Outcome  measures  •  Goal  seSng  and  planning  •  Interven?on  •  Communica?on  with  referrers  

Page 7: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Knee  Managment  

•  Exercise  is  main  interven?on  •  Also  – Manual  therapy  – Muscle  s?mula?on  – Strapping  – Bracing  

Page 8: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Interven?ons  Should  Not  Include  

•  Electrotherapy,  hot  packs  or  icepacks  as  main  interven?on  

•  Alterna?ve  medicine    

Page 9: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Osteoarthr?ts  

Page 10: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Osteoarthri?s  

•  The  most  common  musculoskeletal  disorder  •  The  leading  cause  of  pain  an  disability  in  the  community  

•  Prevalence  expected  to  double  by  2020  •  Will  usually  improve  with  physio  interven?on  (70  -­‐  80%)  

 

Page 11: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Age  and  Gender  (MJA  March  2004)  

Page 12: Physiotherapy managment of common problems
Page 13: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

OA  effects  the  en?re  synovial  joint  

•  Ar?cular  Car?lage  •  Bone  •  Synovium  •  Periar?cular  So[  Tissues    

•  Muscles  •  Nerves  

Page 14: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Subchondral  Bone  

•  Much  of  the  pain  comes  from  the  subchondral  bone  (Hunter  2009  Radiological  Clinics  North  America  2009  (539  -­‐531)  

 

Page 15: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

OA  knee  pa?ent  presents  with    

•  Pain  and  func?onal  loss  •  Deformity  •  Loss  of  movement  •  Muscle  atrophy  •  Loss  of  propriocep?on/balance  

Page 16: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Outcome  Measures  –  Koos  Knee  Survey  

Page 17: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

•  If  we  can  improve  –  Loss  of  movement  – Muscle  atrophy  –  Loss  of  propriocep?on/balance  –  BMI  –  Load  

–  Pain  will  reduce  and  func.on  will  improve  70  -­‐  80  %  of  the  .me  

–  Slow  progression  of  the  disease  

Page 18: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

This  can  only  be  achieved  with  exercise  

•  Non  impact  –  walking  o[en  not  ideal  •  Whole  body  •  Cardio  •  Balance  •  Open  chain    •  Minimum  12  week  program  

Page 19: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Strengthening  

•  Load  Sharing  Occurs  Between  Joints  and  Muscles  •  Muscle  weakness  is  likely  to  be  present  in  knees  with  

symptoma<c  Osteoarthri<s.    •   It  is  also  likely  to  be  a  risk  factor  for  the  development  

and  progression  of  knee  osteoarthri<s.  (Ann  Intern  Med.  1997)  

•  Muscle  weakness  is  probably  more  important  in  the  pathogenesis  of  OA  than  wear  and  tear  (Br  J  Sports  Med  2004)  

Page 20: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Keys  to  Management    Weight  Reduc?on  

•  For  every  2  units  of  BMI  increase  there  is  a  36%  increase  in  the  risk  of  developing  knee  OA  

•  For  every  2  units  of  BMI  increase  there  is  a  36%  increase  in  the  risk  of  developing  knee  OA  

•  BMI>30  there  is  a  20  fold  increased  risk  of  knee  OA  •  Body  fat  %  perhaps  more  important  than  BMI  •  Inflammatory  proteins  such  as  cytokinenes  may  contribute  

to  sensi?sa?on  of  nerve  endings,    •  Connec?ve  ?ssue  degenera?on    

Page 21: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Reducing  Load  with  shoes  

Brooks  Addic+on  

Page 22: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Clinical  Guidelines  -­‐  AAOS  

Recommenda+on  1      We  suggest  pa?ents  with  symptoma?c  OA  of  the  knee  ......incorporate  ac?vity  modifica?ons  (e.g.  walking  instead  of  running;  alterna?ve  ac?vi?es)  into  their  lifestyle.    

Page 23: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Clinical  Guidelines  -­‐  AAOS  

Recommenda+on  3      We  recommend  pa?ents  with  symptoma?c  OA  of  the  knee,  who  are  overweight  (as  defined  by  a  BMI>25),  should  be  encouraged  to  lose  weight  (a  minimum  of  five  percent  (5%)  of  body  weight)  

Page 24: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Clinical  Guidelines  -­‐  AAOS  

Recommenda+on  6      We  suggest  quadriceps  strengthening  for  pa?ents  with  symptoma?c  OA  of  the  knee.    

Page 25: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Ligament  Injuries  

Page 26: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Anterior  Cruciate  Ligament  Tears  

 •  Common  •  50%  of  pa?ents  will  have  OA  changes  at  10  years    

•  Whether  reconstruc?on  is  needed  or  not  Physio  is  useful    

Page 27: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Acute  Care  

•  RICE  •  Gentle  exercises  to  restore  knee  func?on  •  With  isolated  ACL  knee  will  gradually  segle  (6  –  8  weeks)  and  can  feel  normal)  

•  Pre-­‐opera?ve  Physio  is  crucial  to  – Restore  range  of  mo?on  – Restore  quadriceps  func?on    – And  will  result  in  lower  post  surgical  morbidity  

Page 28: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Post-­‐opera?ve  Physiotherapy  ACL  Tear  

•  6  -­‐12  months  •  Approximately  150  rehab  sessions  to  restore  range,  strength  and  neuromuscular  control  of  which  approximately  20  should  be  fully  supervised  

•  20  –  30  different  exercises  used  •  Must  have  a  gym  

Page 29: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

ACL  PREVENTION  PROGRAMS  

•  Preven?on  very  important  •  Sophis?cated  exercise  programming  – 6  –  12  different  exercises  – Knee  control  when  landing,  and  changing  direc?on  

Page 30: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Anterior  Cruciate  Ligament  Injury  Preven+on  –  PEP  program  (Santa  Monica  Orthopaedic  and  Sports  Medicine  Research  Founda+on)  

•  1041  female  subjects,  RCT  •  Results:  During  the  2000  season,  there  was  an  83%  decrease  in  anterior  cruciate  ligament  injury  in  the  enrolled  subjects  compared  to        the  control  group.    

Page 31: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Collateral  Ligament  Tears  

•  Medial  Collateral  ligament  is  most  common  •  These  do  not  require  reconstruc?on  in  most  cases  and  will  heal  well  with  a  conserva?ve  approach  in  4  –  16  weeks  

•  Demonstrate  knee  ranger  brace  

Page 32: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Acute  Meniscal  Tears  

Adolescent  •  Place  on  crutches  NWB  and  

refer  for  immediate  orthopaedic  opinion  

•  These  are  repairable  in  some  situa?ons  if  seen  early  

 

Adult  •  Unless  acute  locked  knee  

(indica?ng  bucket  handle  tear)  ,  refer  to  Physio  with  concurrent  orthopaedic  referral  

Page 33: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Degenera?ve  Meniscal  Tears  

•  Older  pa?ent  (>  45  yo)  •  Slow  onset  of  symptoms  •  Trial  6  weeks  of  Physio  first  – Strengthening  – BMI/adiposity  op?misa?on  

•  Menisectomy  followed  by  6-­‐8  weeks  of  exercises  if  conserva?ve  care  fails  

Page 34: Physiotherapy managment of common problems

Patellofemoral  Pain  

•  Variety  of  causes  •  Generally  Physiotherapy  referral  will  suffice  and  treatment  typically  consists  of  – Quadriceps  strengthening  –  Stretching  exercises  –  Patella  tape  –  Biomechanical  correc?on  – Hip  strengthening  –  Correc?on  of  spor?ng  technique  –  Load  management