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Planes
FROM: http://www.wright-brothers.org/default.htm
Sir George Cayley •conceives a craft with stationary wings to provide lift and "flappers" to provide thrust.•builds a miniature glider with a single wing and a movable tail mounted on a universal joint.•builds a man-sized version of a glider with a wing surface of 300 feet.
Experiments prove the feasibility of a flying craft with fixed (instead of flapping or whirling) wings to generate lift
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Planes
•Jean-Marie Le Bris, a French sea caption, tests a glider modeled after an albatross.
•Felix Du Temple and his brother Louis, France, fly a model monoplane whose propellers are driven by a clockwork spring.•Jules Verne publishes Five Weeks in a Balloon, describing an aerial trip across Africa filled with danger and adventure.
Designers begin to test various types of engines to propel their airplanes.
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Planes
•Otto Lilienthal, an engineer from Germany, with his brother Gustav, the two begin a series of experiments aimed at gathering the engineering data need to build a successful glider.•Siegfried Marcus from Austria, patents the low-tension magneto, the first practical electrical ignition system for an internal combustion engine.•John J. Montgomery of California builds a monoplane glider and makes the first gliding flight in America.
Should airplanes be balanced in the air by skilled pilots, or should designers create craft that are inherently stable?
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Planes•Alexander F. Mozhaiski, Russia, builds a steam-powered monoplane.•Horatio F. Phillips, England, experiments with cambered wings in a wind tunnel and lays down the scientific foundation for modern airfoil design.•Charles Parsons, England, invents the steam turbine.•Lawrence Hargrave, Australia, builds the first radial airplane engine.
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Planesworld's first successful airplane and making the first controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight, on December 17, 1903.
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For more info:
• Visit
http://www.wright-brothers.org/default.htm
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Zeppelin• Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship
pioneered by the German Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin.• It was patented in Germany in 1895.• First flown commercially in 1910.• By mid-1914, Zeppelin carried over
34,000 passengers on over 1,500 flights.
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• Blau gas (German: Blaugas) was an artificial illuminating gas similar to propane, named after its inventor, Dr. Hermann Blau.
• It has the highest specific energy of all artificially produced gases, but unlike coal gas, it was free from carbon monoxide.
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• During WWI, the German military made extensive use of Zeppelins as bombers and scouts.
Zeppelin
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Another war poster from
England*********
The end of “BABY-KILLER”
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Graf Zeppelin• 1928 to 1937• Crew: 40• Capacity: 20 passengers• Length: 236.53 m (776 ft 0 in)• Diameter: 30.48 m (100 ft 0 in)• Power: 5 engines, 410 kW (550 hp) each• Maximum speed: 128 km/h (80 mph)
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• The Hindenburg disaster in 1937 was the beginning of the end for Zeppelin.
Zeppelin
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Planes
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Gear Interrupter
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Strange but true: story of John Hedley
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Artillery
• Any group of infantry primarily armed with projectile weapons (cannons, shell-firing guns, howitzers, mortars, and rockets).
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Artillery
• In the Napoleonic Wars, World War I and World War II the vast majority of combat deaths were caused by artillery.• In 1944, Joseph Stalin said in a
speech that artillery was "the God of War“.
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• Big Bertha was a 48-ton howitzer used by the Germans in WWI.
• It was named after the wife of its designer Gustav Krupp.
• It could fire a 2,050-lb (930-kg) shell a distance of 9.3 miles (15 km).
• However, it took a crew of 200 men six hours or more to assemble.
• Germany had 13 of these huge guns or “wonder weapons”.
Cannons and WW1
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Artillery
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Trench Warfare• The construction techniques to build the
trenches evolved with the war. To make the 250 m trench approx. 2700 of man-hours at night were required.
• 140,000 Chinese laborers served on the Western Front over the course of the First World War (40,000 with the French and 100,000 with the British forces).
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Trench Warfare• The wars in the trenches were so intense that
10% of the fighting soldiers were killed in the trench warfare and around 50% would get wounded.
• Over 200,000 men died in the trenches of WW1, most of who died in battle, but many died from disease and infections brought on by the unsanitary conditions.
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Trench Warfare
• German trenches were built to last and included bunk beds, furniture, cupboards, water tanks with faucets, electric lights, and doorbells.
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Trench Warfare
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Did we learn anything from WW1?