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Precision analysis of Partitioning Interwell Tracer Test
for estimating a NAPL in aquifer
Junko NISHIWAKI*, Changyuan TANG**, Yasuo SAKURA**
Masaru MIZOGUCHI* and Tsuyoshi MIYAZAKI*
* Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
** Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University
Abstract
Partitioning Interwell Tracer Test (PITT) developed in the petroleum industry is a useful
method to quantify the volume of Non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) in contaminated aquifer.
PITT provides us information about the characterization of the NAPL volume and distribution in
relatively large scale area. When we perform PITT, we use the basic assumption that tracers are
partitioned to NAPL completely during PITT. However, the assumption is not verified yet.
Under practical conditions, we have to be careful of (+) loss of NAPL during PITT, (,) NAPL
migration process, (-) sorption of NAPL to organic materials or minerals in aquifer, (.) in-
homogeneous tracer partitioning to NAPL because of the heterogeneous NAPL distribution and
form, (/) accuracy of measuring tracer partitioning coe$cients. The purposes of the study are (+)
to estimate the unknown quantity of NAPL placed in a column filled with glass beads and water,
and in a pipette filled with water, and (,) to analyze the accuracies of these estimations by PITT
method. As a result, the ratios of estimated NAPL volumes and actual NAPL volumes ranged
from *./3�+... The reliability of NAPL estimation by means of PITT decreased when the flow
rates of tracers were too low.
Key words : PITT, NAPL, column experiment, pipette experiment
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J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
./"��&No. 31, p. +-,. �,**.�
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�����
Deeds, N.E., Pope, G.A. and McKinney, D.C. (+333) :
Vadose Zone Characterization at a Contami-
nated Field Site Using Partitioning Interwell
Tracer Technology. Environmental Science and
Technology, -- (+0) : ,1./�,1/+.
Deeds, N.E., McKinney, D.C. and Pope, G.A. (,***) :
Laboratory characterization of non-aqueous
phase liquid/tracer interaction in support of a
vadose zone partitioning interwell tracer test.
Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, .+ : +3-�,*..
Dria, D.E. (+323) : A Study of three-phase relative
permeabilities and dispersivities under carbon
dioxide flooding conditions in a heterogeneous
carbonate core, Ph. D. dissertation, Univ. of
Texas, Austin.
Dwarakanath, V. and Pope, G.A. (+332) : New Ap-
proach for Estimating Alcohol Partition Coe$-
cients between Nonaqueous Phase Liquids and
water. Environmental Science and Technology,
-, (++) : +00,�+000.
Dwarakanath, V., Deeds, N. and Pope, G.A. (+333) :
Analysis of Partitioning Interwell Tracer Tests.
Environmental Science and Technology, -- (,+) :
-2,3�-2-0.
Frind, E.O., Molson, J.W., Schirmer, M. and Guiguer,
N. (+333) : Dissolution and mass transfer of multi-
ple organics under field conditions : The Borden
emplaced source. WATER RESOURCES RE-
SEARCH, -/ (-) : 02-�03..
Hunkeler, D., Hoehn, E., Hohener, P. and Zeyer, J.
(+331) : ,,,Rn as a Partitioning Tracer To Detect
Diesel Fuel Contamination in Aquifers : Labora
�: : � NAPL,y&� !���"#$%$¼C �PITT� �)!t)TG� 23
tory Study and Field Observations. Environ-
mental Science and Technology, -+ : -+2*�-+21.
Jin, M., Delshad, M., Dwarakanath, V., McKinney, D.
C., Pope, G.A., Sepehrnoori, K., Tilburg, C.E. and
Jackson, R.E. (+33/) : Partitioning tracer test for
detection, estimation, and remediation perform-
ance assessment of subsurface nonaqueous
phase liquids. WATER RESOURCES RE-
SEARCH, -+ (/) : +,*+�+,++.
Jin, M., Butler, G.W., Jackson, R.E., Mariner, P.E.,
Pickens, J.F., Pope, G.A., Brown, C.L. and
McKinney, D.C. (+331) : Sensitivity Models and
Design Protocol for Partitioning Tracer Tests in
Alluvial Aquifers. Ground Water, -/ (0) : 30.�31,.
Lee, C.M., Meyers, S.L., Wright, C.L., Coates, J.T.,
Haskell, P.A. and Falta, R.W. (+332) : NAPL
Compositional Changes Influence Partitioning
Coe$cients. Environmental Science and Tech-
nology, -, (,,) : -/1.�-/12.
Mariner, P.E., Jin, M., Studer, J.E. and Pope, G.A.
(+333) : The First Vadose Zone Partitioning
Interwell Tracer Test for Nonaqueous Phase
Liquid and Water Residual. Environmental Sci-
ence and Technology, -- (+0) : ,2,/�,2,2.
Mayer, A.S. and Miller, C.T. (+33,) : The influence of
porous medium characteristics and measure-
ment scale on pore-scale distributions of residual
nonaqueous -phase liquids. Journal of Contami-
nant Hydrology, ++ : +23�,+-.
Oolman, T., Godard, S.T., Pope, G.A., Jin, M. and
Kirchner, K. (+33/) : DNAPL Flow Behavior in a
Contaminated Aquifer : Evaluation of Field
Data. Groundwater Monitering & Remediation,
Fall : +,/�+-1.
Whitley, G.A., McKinney, D.C., Pope, G.A., Rouse, B.A.
and Deeds, N.E. (+333) : Contaminated Vadose
Zone Characterization Using Partitioning Gas
Tracers. Journal of Environmental Engineering,
+,/ (0) : /1.�/2,.
Wilson, R.D. and Mackay, D.M. (+33/) : Direct Detec-
tion of Residual Nonaqueous Phase Liquid in the
Saturated Zone Using SF0 as a Partitioning
Tracer. Environmental Science and Technology,
,3 (/) : +,//�+,/2.
Young, C.M., Jackson, R.E., Jin, M., Londergan, J.T.,
Mariner, P.E., Pope, G.A., Anderson, F.J. and
Houk, T. (+333) : Characterization of a TCE
DNAPL ZONE in Alluvium by Partitioning
Tracers. Groundwater Monitering & Remedia-
tion, Winter : 2.�3..
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