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SMOOTH DIGRAPHS MODULOPP-CONSTRUCTABILITY
Florian Starke
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Definitions
Let A be a structure.
A structure B is in H(A) if there are homomorphismsf ∶A → B and g∶B → A.
A2,A ⊍ A ∈ H(A)
A structure B is in PP(A) if there is a d such that B = Ad
and every k-ary relation in B is, as a k ⋅ d-ary relationin A, pp-definable.
∈ PP(A)
ΦE(x, y) = “x = y”
A structure B is pp-constructable from A ifB ∈ H(PP(A)). In this case we say B ≥ A. 1 ∈ H(PP(A))
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Definitions
Let A be a structure.
A structure B is in H(A) if there are homomorphismsf ∶A → B and g∶B → A. A
2,A ⊍ A ∈ H(A)
A structure B is in PP(A) if there is a d such that B = Ad
and every k-ary relation in B is, as a k ⋅ d-ary relationin A, pp-definable.
∈ PP(A)
ΦE(x, y) = “x = y”
A structure B is pp-constructable from A ifB ∈ H(PP(A)). In this case we say B ≥ A. 1 ∈ H(PP(A))
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Definitions
Let A be a structure.
A structure B is in H(A) if there are homomorphismsf ∶A → B and g∶B → A. A
2,A ⊍ A ∈ H(A)
A structure B is in PP(A) if there is a d such that B = Ad
and every k-ary relation in B is, as a k ⋅ d-ary relationin A, pp-definable.
∈ PP(A)
ΦE(x, y) = “x = y”
A structure B is pp-constructable from A ifB ∈ H(PP(A)). In this case we say B ≥ A. 1 ∈ H(PP(A))
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 2 of 15
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Definitions
Let A be a structure.
A structure B is in H(A) if there are homomorphismsf ∶A → B and g∶B → A. A
2,A ⊍ A ∈ H(A)
A structure B is in PP(A) if there is a d such that B = Ad
and every k-ary relation in B is, as a k ⋅ d-ary relationin A, pp-definable.
∈ PP(A)ΦE(x, y) = “x = y”
A structure B is pp-constructable from A ifB ∈ H(PP(A)). In this case we say B ≥ A. 1 ∈ H(PP(A))
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 2 of 15
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Definitions
Let A be a structure.
A structure B is in H(A) if there are homomorphismsf ∶A → B and g∶B → A. A
2,A ⊍ A ∈ H(A)
A structure B is in PP(A) if there is a d such that B = Ad
and every k-ary relation in B is, as a k ⋅ d-ary relationin A, pp-definable.
∈ PP(A)ΦE(x, y) = “x = y”
A structure B is pp-constructable from A ifB ∈ H(PP(A)). In this case we say B ≥ A.
1 ∈ H(PP(A))
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 2 of 15
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Definitions
Let A be a structure.
A structure B is in H(A) if there are homomorphismsf ∶A → B and g∶B → A. A
2,A ⊍ A ∈ H(A)
A structure B is in PP(A) if there is a d such that B = Ad
and every k-ary relation in B is, as a k ⋅ d-ary relationin A, pp-definable.
∈ PP(A)ΦE(x, y) = “x = y”
A structure B is pp-constructable from A ifB ∈ H(PP(A)). In this case we say B ≥ A. 1 ∈ H(PP(A))
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 2 of 15
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Definitions
A directed graph G is a smooth digraphs if everyvertex has in-degree and out-degree at least 1.
Let S be the poset induced by the quasi order ≥ on allfinite smooth digraphs.
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Definitions
A directed graph G is a smooth digraphs if everyvertex has in-degree and out-degree at least 1.
Let S be the poset induced by the quasi order ≥ on allfinite smooth digraphs.
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Definitions
A directed graph G is a smooth digraphs if everyvertex has in-degree and out-degree at least 1.
Let S be the poset induced by the quasi order ≥ on allfinite smooth digraphs.
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Dividing the graphs
[G] ∈ S
G has 4-ary Siggersand its core is a dis-joint union of cycles
G can pp-constructevery finite structure
[G] contains a disjointunion of cycles[G] contains
⇒⇒
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Dividing the graphs
[G] ∈ S
G has 4-ary Siggersand its core is a dis-joint union of cycles
G can pp-constructevery finite structure
[G] contains a disjointunion of cycles[G] contains
⇒⇒
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 4 of 15
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Dividing the graphs
[G] ∈ S
G has 4-ary Siggersand its core is a dis-joint union of cycles
G can pp-constructevery finite structure
[G] contains a disjointunion of cycles
[G] contains
⇒
⇒
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Dividing the graphs
[G] ∈ S
G has 4-ary Siggersand its core is a dis-joint union of cycles
G can pp-constructevery finite structure
[G] contains a disjointunion of cycles[G] contains
⇒⇒
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 4 of 15
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Poset first glance
1
disjoint unionsof cycles
3
5
4
9
23
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Poset first glance
1
disjoint unionsof cycles
3
5
4
9
23
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Multiples
?≡4
2 4
≡ 2 ≡
2
4
6
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Multiples
?≡4
2 4 ≡ 2
≡
2
4
6
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Multiples
?≡4
2 4 ≡ 2 ≡
2
4
6
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Multiples
?≡4 2 4 ≡ 2 ≡
2
4
6
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Division
ΦE(x, y) = x2→ y
5a ´ k
10
a
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Division
ΦE(x, y) = x2→ y
5a ´ k
10
a
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Division
ΦE(x, y) = x2→ y
5a ´ k
10
a
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 7 of 15
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Division
ΦE(x, y) = x2→ y
5
a ´ k
10
a
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Division
ΦE(x, y) = xk→ y
5
a ´ k
10
a
a ´ k =a
gcd(a, k)
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Multiplication
ΦE (x1, x2, x3,y1, y2, y3
) = x1 → y3
∧ x2 = y1
∧ x3 = y2
9
99
000
001
011111
211
221
222 220
200
0
1
23
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Multiplication
ΦE (x1, x2, x3,y1, y2, y3
) = x1 → y3
∧ x2 = y1
∧ x3 = y29
99
000
001
011111
211
221
222 220
200
0
1
23
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Multiplication
ΦE (x1, x2, x3,y1, y2, y3
) = x1 → y3
∧ x2 = y1
∧ x3 = y2
9
99
000
001
011111
211
221
222 220
200
0
1
23
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 8 of 15
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Multiplication
ΦE (x1, x2, x3,y1, y2, y3
) = x1 → y3
∧ x2 = y1
∧ x3 = y2
9
99
000
001
011111
211
221
222 220
200
0
1
23
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 8 of 15
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Multiplication
ΦE (x1, x2, x3,y1, y2, y3
) = x1 → y3
∧ x2 = y1
∧ x3 = y29
99
000
001
011111
211
221
222 220
200
0
1
23
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 8 of 15
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Multiplication
ΦE (x1, x2, x3,y1, y2, y3
) = x1 → y3
∧ x2 = y1
∧ x3 = y29
99
000
001
011111
211
221
222 220
200
0
1
23
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 8 of 15
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Multiplication
ΦE (x1, x2,y1, y2
) = x1 → y2
∧ x2 = y1
3
6
02
12
01
01
23
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Multiplication
ΦE (x1, x2,y1, y2
) = x1 → y2
∧ x2 = y1
3
6
02
12
01
01
23
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Multiplication
ΦE (x1, x2,y1, y2
) = x1 → y2
∧ x2 = y1
3
6
02
12
01
01
23
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Multiplication
ΦE (x1, x2,y1, y2
) = x1 → y2
∧ x2 = y1 3
6
02
1201
01
23
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Multiplication
ΦE (x1, . . . , xk ,y1, . . . , yk
) = x1 → yk
∧ x2 = y1
⋮
∧ xk = yk−1
a ⋉ k
a
a ⋉ k = ∏αi≠0
pαi+κii
3 ⋉ 3 = 9
3 ⋉ 2 = 3
3 ⋉ 6 = 9
2 ⋉ 12 = 8
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Multiplication
ΦE (x1, . . . , xk ,y1, . . . , yk
) = x1 → yk
∧ x2 = y1
⋮
∧ xk = yk−1
a ⋉ k
a
a ⋉ k = ∏αi≠0
pαi+κii
3 ⋉ 3 = 9
3 ⋉ 2 = 3
3 ⋉ 6 = 9
2 ⋉ 12 = 8
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Multiplication
ΦE (x1, . . . , xk ,y1, . . . , yk
) = x1 → yk
∧ x2 = y1
⋮
∧ xk = yk−1
a ⋉ k
a
a ⋉ k = ∏αi≠0
pαi+κii
3 ⋉ 3 = 9
3 ⋉ 2 = 3
3 ⋉ 6 = 9
2 ⋉ 12 = 8
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Multiplication
ΦE (x1, . . . , xk ,y1, . . . , yk
) = x1 → yk
∧ x2 = y1
⋮
∧ xk = yk−1
a ⋉ k
a
a ⋉ k = ∏αi≠0
pαi+κii
3 ⋉ 3 = 9
3 ⋉ 2 = 3
3 ⋉ 6 = 9
2 ⋉ 12 = 8
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Normal form
22 ⋅ 3
23 ⋅ 5
≡
2 ⋅ 3
22 ⋅ 5
G is in normal form if
• for all a, a′ ∈ G we have a ∣ a′ implies a = a′ and
• if for an a ∈ G we have p ∣ a, then there is an a′ ∈ G with p ∣ a′ but p2 ∤ a′.
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Normal form
22 ⋅ 3
23 ⋅ 5
≡
2 ⋅ 3
22 ⋅ 5
G is in normal form if
• for all a, a′ ∈ G we have a ∣ a′ implies a = a′ and
• if for an a ∈ G we have p ∣ a, then there is an a′ ∈ G with p ∣ a′ but p2 ∤ a′.
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 11 of 15
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Normal form
22 ⋅ 3
23 ⋅ 5
≡
2 ⋅ 3
22 ⋅ 5
G is in normal form if• for all a, a′ ∈ G we have a ∣ a′ implies a = a′ and
• if for an a ∈ G we have p ∣ a, then there is an a′ ∈ G with p ∣ a′ but p2 ∤ a′.
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 11 of 15
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Normal form
22 ⋅ 3
23 ⋅ 5
≡
2 ⋅ 3
22 ⋅ 5
G is in normal form if• for all a, a′ ∈ G we have a ∣ a′ implies a = a′ and
• if for an a ∈ G we have p ∣ a, then there is an a′ ∈ G with p ∣ a′ but p2 ∤ a′.
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 11 of 15
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Poset second glance
1
2 3 5 7 . . .
6 15
2 3
30
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 12 of 15
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Poset second glance
1
2 3 5 7 . . .
6 15
2 3 30
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 12 of 15
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Combination
ΦE (x1, x2,y1, y2
) = x1 → y1
∧ x2 → y2
∧ x1x1
∧ x2x2
6
622
33
3
a ∨ b a0
b1
2a
0b
1a
b2
aa
ba0a
00
01
02
01
2
a
b
23
ab
a ∤ b, b ∤ aa ∨ b = lcm(a, b)
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 13 of 15
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Combination
ΦE (x1, x2,y1, y2
) = x1 → y1
∧ x2 → y2
∧ x12→ x1
∧ x23→ x2
6
622
33
3
a ∨ b
a0
b1
2a
0b
1a
b2
aa
ba0a
00
01
02
01
2
a
b
23
ab
a ∤ b, b ∤ aa ∨ b = lcm(a, b)
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 13 of 15
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Combination
ΦE (x1, x2,y1, y2
) = x1 → y1
∧ x2 → y2
∧ x12→ x1
∧ x23→ x2
6
622
33
3
a ∨ b
a0
b1
2a
0b
1a
b2
aa
ba0a
00
01
02
01
2
a
b
23
ab
a ∤ b, b ∤ aa ∨ b = lcm(a, b)
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 13 of 15
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Combination
ΦE (x1, x2,y1, y2
) = x1 → y1
∧ x2 → y2
∧ x12→ x1
∧ x23→ x2
6
622
33
3
a ∨ b a0
b1
2a
0b
1a
b2
aa
ba0a
00
01
02
01
2
a
b
23
ab
a ∤ b, b ∤ aa ∨ b = lcm(a, b)
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 13 of 15
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Combination
ΦE (x1, x2,y1, y2
) = x1 → y1
∧ x2 → y2
∧ x1a→ x1
∧ x2b→ x2
6
622
33
3
a ∨ b
a0
b1
2a
0b
1a
b2
aa
ba0a
00
01
02
01
2
a
b
23
ab
a ∤ b, b ∤ aa ∨ b = lcm(a, b)
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 13 of 15
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Poset final glance
Thank You
1
2 3 5 7 . . .
6 15
2 3
30
2333
6
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 14 of 15
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Poset final glance
Thank You
1
2 3 5 7 . . .
6 15
2 3
302333
6
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 14 of 15
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Poset final glance
Thank You
1
2 3 5 7 . . .
6 15
2 3
302333
6
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 14 of 15
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Summary
Thank You
a ∨ b = lcm(a, b) a ´ k =a
gcd(a, k) a ⋉ k = ∏αi≠0
pαi+κii
G ´ (k1, . . . , kd) = {(a1 ´ k1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (ad ´ kd) ∣ a1, . . . , ad ∈ G}G ⋉ (k1, . . . , kd) = {(a1 ⋉ k1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (ad ⋉ kd) ∣ a1, . . . , ad ∈ G}
G f (t1, . . . , td), where f ∈ {´,⋉}n and ti ∈ {1, 2, . . . }n
(G1 f1 T1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (Gn fn Tn)
G
For all a ∈ G \ Gi we have a ∤ lcm(Gi). 2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7
2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7 ´ (2 ⋅ 5, 3 ⋅ 7)2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7, 2 ⋅ 7, 3 ⋅ 5
=
2, 3
2, 3 ⋉ (4, 9)23, 2 ⋅ 3, 33
=
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 15 of 15
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Summary
Thank You
a ∨ b = lcm(a, b) a ´ k =a
gcd(a, k) a ⋉ k = ∏αi≠0
pαi+κii
G ´ (k1, . . . , kd) = {(a1 ´ k1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (ad ´ kd) ∣ a1, . . . , ad ∈ G}G ⋉ (k1, . . . , kd) = {(a1 ⋉ k1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (ad ⋉ kd) ∣ a1, . . . , ad ∈ G}
G f (t1, . . . , td), where f ∈ {´,⋉}n and ti ∈ {1, 2, . . . }n
(G1 f1 T1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (Gn fn Tn)
G
For all a ∈ G \ Gi we have a ∤ lcm(Gi). 2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7
2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7 ´ (2 ⋅ 5, 3 ⋅ 7)2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7, 2 ⋅ 7, 3 ⋅ 5
=
2, 3
2, 3 ⋉ (4, 9)23, 2 ⋅ 3, 33
=
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 15 of 15
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Summary
Thank You
a ∨ b = lcm(a, b) a ´ k =a
gcd(a, k) a ⋉ k = ∏αi≠0
pαi+κii
G ´ (k1, . . . , kd) = {(a1 ´ k1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (ad ´ kd) ∣ a1, . . . , ad ∈ G}G ⋉ (k1, . . . , kd) = {(a1 ⋉ k1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (ad ⋉ kd) ∣ a1, . . . , ad ∈ G}
G f (t1, . . . , td), where f ∈ {´,⋉}n and ti ∈ {1, 2, . . . }n
(G1 f1 T1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (Gn fn Tn)
G
For all a ∈ G \ Gi we have a ∤ lcm(Gi).
2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7
2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7 ´ (2 ⋅ 5, 3 ⋅ 7)
2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7, 2 ⋅ 7, 3 ⋅ 5
=
2, 3
2, 3 ⋉ (4, 9)23, 2 ⋅ 3, 33
=
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 15 of 15
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Summary
Thank You
a ∨ b = lcm(a, b) a ´ k =a
gcd(a, k) a ⋉ k = ∏αi≠0
pαi+κii
G ´ (k1, . . . , kd) = {(a1 ´ k1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (ad ´ kd) ∣ a1, . . . , ad ∈ G}G ⋉ (k1, . . . , kd) = {(a1 ⋉ k1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (ad ⋉ kd) ∣ a1, . . . , ad ∈ G}
G f (t1, . . . , td), where f ∈ {´,⋉}n and ti ∈ {1, 2, . . . }n
(G1 f1 T1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (Gn fn Tn)
G
For all a ∈ G \ Gi we have a ∤ lcm(Gi).
2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7
2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7 ´ (2 ⋅ 5, 3 ⋅ 7)2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7, 2 ⋅ 7, 3 ⋅ 5
=
2, 3
2, 3 ⋉ (4, 9)23, 2 ⋅ 3, 33
=
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 15 of 15
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Summary
Thank You
a ∨ b = lcm(a, b) a ´ k =a
gcd(a, k) a ⋉ k = ∏αi≠0
pαi+κii
G ´ (k1, . . . , kd) = {(a1 ´ k1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (ad ´ kd) ∣ a1, . . . , ad ∈ G}G ⋉ (k1, . . . , kd) = {(a1 ⋉ k1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (ad ⋉ kd) ∣ a1, . . . , ad ∈ G}
G f (t1, . . . , td), where f ∈ {´,⋉}n and ti ∈ {1, 2, . . . }n
(G1 f1 T1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (Gn fn Tn)
G
For all a ∈ G \ Gi we have a ∤ lcm(Gi).
2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7
2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7 ´ (2 ⋅ 5, 3 ⋅ 7)2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7, 2 ⋅ 7, 3 ⋅ 5
=
2, 3
2, 3 ⋉ (4, 9)
23, 2 ⋅ 3, 33
=
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 15 of 15
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Summary
Thank You
a ∨ b = lcm(a, b) a ´ k =a
gcd(a, k) a ⋉ k = ∏αi≠0
pαi+κii
G ´ (k1, . . . , kd) = {(a1 ´ k1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (ad ´ kd) ∣ a1, . . . , ad ∈ G}G ⋉ (k1, . . . , kd) = {(a1 ⋉ k1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (ad ⋉ kd) ∣ a1, . . . , ad ∈ G}
G f (t1, . . . , td), where f ∈ {´,⋉}n and ti ∈ {1, 2, . . . }n
(G1 f1 T1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (Gn fn Tn)
G
For all a ∈ G \ Gi we have a ∤ lcm(Gi).
2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7
2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7 ´ (2 ⋅ 5, 3 ⋅ 7)2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7, 2 ⋅ 7, 3 ⋅ 5
=
2, 3
2, 3 ⋉ (4, 9)23, 2 ⋅ 3, 33
=
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 15 of 15
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Summary
Thank You
a ∨ b = lcm(a, b) a ´ k =a
gcd(a, k) a ⋉ k = ∏αi≠0
pαi+κii
G ´ (k1, . . . , kd) = {(a1 ´ k1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (ad ´ kd) ∣ a1, . . . , ad ∈ G}G ⋉ (k1, . . . , kd) = {(a1 ⋉ k1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (ad ⋉ kd) ∣ a1, . . . , ad ∈ G}
G f (t1, . . . , td), where f ∈ {´,⋉}n and ti ∈ {1, 2, . . . }n
(G1 f1 T1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (Gn fn Tn)
G
For all a ∈ G \ Gi we have a ∤ lcm(Gi).
2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7
2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7 ´ (2 ⋅ 5, 3 ⋅ 7)2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7, 2 ⋅ 7, 3 ⋅ 5
=
2, 3
2, 3 ⋉ (4, 9)23, 2 ⋅ 3, 33
=
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 15 of 15
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Summary
Thank You
a ∨ b = lcm(a, b) a ´ k =a
gcd(a, k) a ⋉ k = ∏αi≠0
pαi+κii
G ´ (k1, . . . , kd) = {(a1 ´ k1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (ad ´ kd) ∣ a1, . . . , ad ∈ G}G ⋉ (k1, . . . , kd) = {(a1 ⋉ k1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (ad ⋉ kd) ∣ a1, . . . , ad ∈ G}
G f (t1, . . . , td), where f ∈ {´,⋉}n and ti ∈ {1, 2, . . . }n
(G1 f1 T1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (Gn fn Tn)
G
For all a ∈ G \ Gi we have a ∤ lcm(Gi). 2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7
2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7 ´ (2 ⋅ 5, 3 ⋅ 7)2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7, 2 ⋅ 7, 3 ⋅ 5
=
2, 3
2, 3 ⋉ (4, 9)23, 2 ⋅ 3, 33
=
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 15 of 15
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Summary
Thank You
a ∨ b = lcm(a, b) a ´ k =a
gcd(a, k) a ⋉ k = ∏αi≠0
pαi+κii
G ´ (k1, . . . , kd) = {(a1 ´ k1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (ad ´ kd) ∣ a1, . . . , ad ∈ G}G ⋉ (k1, . . . , kd) = {(a1 ⋉ k1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (ad ⋉ kd) ∣ a1, . . . , ad ∈ G}
G f (t1, . . . , td), where f ∈ {´,⋉}n and ti ∈ {1, 2, . . . }n
(G1 f1 T1) ∨ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ∨ (Gn fn Tn)
G
For all a ∈ G \ Gi we have a ∤ lcm(Gi). 2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7
2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7 ´ (2 ⋅ 5, 3 ⋅ 7)2 ⋅ 3, 5 ⋅ 7, 2 ⋅ 7, 3 ⋅ 5
=
2, 3
2, 3 ⋉ (4, 9)23, 2 ⋅ 3, 33
=
TU Dresden Smooth digraphs modulo pp-constructability slide 15 of 15