L Anh Tun, Nguyn Hu Thin, Dng Vn Ni, o Trng T, L Pht Qui v Nguyn c T
sng
NH XUT BN GIAO THNG VN TI
L Anh Tun, Nguyn Hu Thin, Dng Vn Ni, o Trng T, L Pht Qui v Nguyn c T
sng
Vic qui nh v cc thc th a l v ni dung trnh by trong n phm ny khng phnnh bt c quan im no ca T chc Bo tn Thin nhin Quc t (IUCN) hoc B Ngoigiao Phn Lan v t cch php l ca bt k quc gia, lnh th hay khu vc v cc c quanc thm quyn ca h, cng nh khng th hin bt c quan im no v phn nhranh gii ca cc quc gia, lnh th hay khu vc .
Quan im th hin trong n phm ny khng nht thit th hin quan im ca IUCNhoc B Ngoi giao Phn Lan, cng khng nht thit tha nhn cc tn thng mi hocquy trnh thng mi.
IUCN v B Ngoi giao Phn Lan khng chu trch nhim v bt k sai st no trong qutrnh dch ti liu ny sang cc ngn ng khc t n phm gc.
n phm c xut bn trong khun kh d n i thoi nc M Kng.
C quan xut bn: IUCN, Gland, Thy S phi hp vi IUCN Vit Nam.
Bn quyn: 2014, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Cc t chc hoc c nhn c th ti bn n phm ny v mc ch gio dc hoc phi linhun m khng cn s ng trc bng vn bn ca c quan gi bn quyn, vi iukin phi trch dn ngun y .
Nghim cm ti bn n phm ny bn li hoc v cc mc ch thng mi khc mkhng c s ng trc bng vn bn ca c quan gi bn quyn.
Trch dn: L Anh Tun, Nguyn Hu Thin, Dng Vn Ni, L Pht Qui v Nguyn cT (2014). Chuyn v nc v con ngi ng bng sng Cu Long, Gland, Thy S:IUCN. 66 trang.
ISBN: 978 604 76 0518 7
978 2 8317 1710 4
Quyt nh xut bn s: 09/QGTVT cp ngy 27/02/2015
S GPXB: 3292015/CXBIPH/5712/GTVT
nh Ba: ng la An Giang (L Pht Qui)
Dn trang: Cng ty CPCNTT Hong Minh
Hiu nh: Nguyn Thy Anh (IUCN Vit Nam)
Ni cung cp: Vn phng IUCN Vit Nam
Tng 1, Nh 2A, Khu Ngoi Giao on Vn Phc
298 Kim M, Ba nh, H Ni, Vit Nam
Tel: +844 3726 1575
Fax: +844 3726 1561
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.iucn.org/vietnam
Mc lc
Li cm n 1Tm tt 2Executive Summary 4Li dn 7Nc v vn ho chia s ng bng sng Cu Long 11Nhng cu chuyn v nc vng ven bin ng bng sng Cu Long 19Chia s ngun nc trong khu vc t than bn U Minh Thng, Kin Giang 31
Chuyn la v 3 ng bng sng Cu Long 35Cc t chc x hi dn s tham gia qun tr nc Vit Nam nh th no? 39
Cng ng v x hi dn s t cu dng sng M Cng khi s tn ph do s pht trin v li ch thin cn 45
Tip sau s kin Xayabury: nhng chuyn g s n trn dng sng M Cng? 59
Danh sch cc hnh 63Danh sch cc hp 64Bn quyn hnh nh 65Nhm bin son 66
Chuyn nC v Con ngi ng bng Sng Cu Long
Li cm n
Chuyn nc v con ngi ng bng sng Cu Long l sn phm c thc hinvi s ng gp ca cc thnh vin Nhm Cng tc Quc gia d n i thoi Nc MCng nhm mc ch phn nh cc quan im v kinh nghim khc nhau i vi vn nc ng bng sng Cu Long, Vit Nam ni ring cng nh h lu vc M Cng nichung. n phm ny trnh by mi quan h v nc v con ngi qua cc cu chuyn cc cp t a phng n cp ton lu vc. Chng ti xin cm n tt c cc cnhn ng gp cho s ra i ca n phm ny.
Cc tc gi cng xin c cm n ngi dn cc a phng, cc c quan, t chc, cnhn gip cung cp thng tin trong c qu trnh thc a v vit bi gip chng tihon thnh n phm.
Chng ti xin cm n cc ng b Hong Minh c, Lm nh Uy, Nguyn Phng Khnhv Doulas Varchol cho php s dng mt s hnh nh minh ha cho cun sch.
Chng ti xin c cm n TS Robert Mather v ng Jake Brunner gip nh hnh vc v chng ti trong vic xy dng n phm ny.
Cc bin tp vin xin trn trng gi li cm n n c L Th Thanh Thy v Nguyn ThyAnh v nhng h tr hon thin n phm.
Cui cng, v c bit quan trng, chng ti xin cm n v nhng h tr ti chnh ca BNgoi giao Phn Lan thng qua d n i thoi Nc M Cng n phm ny c thn tay ngi c.
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2 Chuyn nC v Con ngi ng bng Sng Cu Long
Tm tt
T rong thi gian t 2010 n 2014, vi s ti tr ca B Ngoi giao Phn Lan, IUCNtrin khai thc hin giai on hai ca D n i thoi Nc M Kng (MWD).Mc tiu ca MWD l ci thin an ninh sinh k ca ngi dn, sc khe ca conngi v cc h sinh thi khu vc M Cng thng qua qun tr nc c s tham gia.
Cng vi ba nc trong khu vc M Cng (Campuchia, Lo v Thilan), IUCN Vit Namthnh lp Nhm Cng tc Quc gia (NWG) bao gm khong 10 i din t chnh ph,khu vc t nhn, cc t chc x hi dn s, cc nh ti tr, trng i hc v cc vinnghin cu. n phm ny l tp hp mt s cu chuyn ca cc thnh vin Nhm Cngtc. Trong khun kh n phm, chng ti khng c nh phn xt hoc a ra cc chdn v qun tr nc. Cun sch l tp hp cc cu chuyn, cc kin ca tng tc gi,th hin cch nhn v quan ngi ca mnh v vn pht trin nc ng bng SngCu Long ni ring v lu vc sng M Cng ni chung.
Cu chuyn u tin l ca TS Dng Vn Ni v vn ha nc ca ng bng. TS Ni dndt ngi c theo chiu di lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ng bng, v nhng ntvn ha trong tin trnh pht trin . Ni bt ln t cu chuyn l vn ha, hay ni cchkhc l nhu cu chia s ti nguyn, nht l ti nguyn nc. m bun u l citrn tr v liu n ngy no ci vn ha chia s ny s cn hay mt.
Tip theo, ng Nguyn Hu Thin mang n cu chuyn v khai thc s dng nc chopht trin vng ven bin tnh Bn Tre. Nhu cu pht trin kinh t nhanh chng, ngnhn, ph v ci nn tng l s cn bng trong khai thc s dng ti nguyn nc, cngvi l s xung t gia cc nhm s dng nc quy m a phng v nhng huqu m n c th mang li. Rt cn c nhng cn nhc pht trin bn vng (hay s dngkhn kho) ti nguyn nc, trong khng ch tnh n sc chu ng ca cc h sinhthi t nhin m cn phi cn nhc c li ch ca cc nhm s dng nc khc nhau.u l vai tr ca ngi dn trong cc quyt nh v quy hoch s dng nc.
TS L Pht Qui em n cho chng ta mt trng hp v li ch khi ti nguyn ncca khu bo tn c chia s vi cng ng qua cu chuyn Vn Quc gia U MinhThng, tnh Kin Giang. R rng, khi ngi dn c tham gia, c chia s ngun li,h s nhn thc su sc hn nhu cu cn phi bo tn Vn Quc gia nh mt ti snchung vi nhng li ch trc tip cho sinh k ca h.
Chuyn nC v Con ngi ng bng Sng Cu Long
Cu chuyn la v ba ng bng sng Cu Long l ti tranh lun vi nm nay bikhng ch cc nh khoa hc, m c cng ng v cc c quan thng tin i chng. TS L Anh Tun s em n mt ci nhn kha cnh chi ph v li ch ca vic trng lav ba. Liu c ngi dn ng bng c tht s mun v cn phi gng mnh ln cho danhhiu quc gia xut khu go nht nh th gii, v cn na, l nhng h ly m cc hsinh thi t nhin ca ng bng m cc sinh k ca ngi dn ph thuc vo s phichu di sc p thm canh cy la.
TS L Anh Tun s tip tc cu chuyn v vai tr ca x hi dn s trong qun tr nc Vit Nam. Trong thp k va qua, x hi dn s Vit Nam bt u pht trin v th hinvai tr v trch nhim ca mnh trong s pht trin ca t nc, trong c cc vn qun l nc. X hi dn s ln mnh v i din ngi dn lm gng soi cho cc hotng pht trin s l iu quyt nh cc pht trin i ng hng, p ng yu cuca cc bn trong x hi, v m bo cc pht trin v nc s mang li li ch cho sng v gy hi t nht cho ngi dn.
Ri ng bng, TS o Trng T em n mt bc tranh ln hn v cc pht trin hlu vc M Cng. M u bng cc xu th pht trin ca ngnh nc th gii, TS T gira xu th pht trin theo chiu hng qun l tng hp, trong cn nhc quyn v lich ca tt c cc quc gia v c dn ven cc dng sng quc t. Thc t v trin vngpht trin ca thy in dng chnh M Cng, nu khng c c s ng thun ca ccquc gia, v khng tnh n li ch ca ngi dn sng ph thuc vo dng sng, s i vu. Vai tr ca hp tc quc t trn cc con sng xuyn bin gii c th hin nhth no trong cc cn nhc pht trin sng M Cng. V ting ni cng nh quan ngica cc t chc x hi, i din cho li ch ca c dn M Cng c cn nhc thno trong cc d n pht trin.
kt thc, TS L Anh Tun a ra mt hnh dung ca pht trin khu vc sau thy inXayabury. Cu chuyn ny nh li ku cu ca cc c dn ng bng sng Cu Long vu l hy vng v mt tng lai cho dng sng M Cng, ni con ngi v cc h tnhin cha c t vo trung tm ca mi nh pht trin.
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4 Chuyn nC v Con ngi ng bng Sng Cu Long
Executive Summary
F rom 2010 to 2014, with financial support from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ofFinland, IUCN coordinated and facilitated the second phase of the project entitledMekong Water Dialogues (MWD). MWD aims to improve livelihood security,human and ecosystem health in the Mekong Region through participatory water governance.
In Vietnam, as with the other three Mekong region countries (Cambodia, Lao PDR andThailand), IUCN has convened a National Working Group (NWG) composed of about 10representatives from government, private sector, civil society, donors, universities andresearch institutions. This publication is a compilation of stories told by NWG members.These are not intended to provide specific policy guidance on water governance. Rather,they reflect the personal views of the authors on water resources development in theLower Mekong Basin in general, and in the Mekong Delta in particular.
The first story is by Dr Duong Van Ni who takes us through the history of the opening upand exploitation of the delta and how this experience has shaped local culture. The dominant message is how, traditionally, water has been shared for multiple purposesacross the delta. Water use conflicts are a relatively recent phenomenon.
Nguyen Huu Thien tells us about water use in the coastal zone of Ben Tre Province. Therapid increase in the demand for freshwater is undermining the foundation of the deltaand resulting in growing conflicts between different water user groups, including naturalecosystems that have no voice. As we have moved away from wise use he asks aboutthe role of local people in water use planning processes.
Dr Le Phat Quoi gives an example of the benefits that arise when water is shared amongcommunities surrounding U Minh Thuong National Park in Kien Giang Province. Becausethey value the role of the park as giant natural sponge, they are encouraged to protect itas common property.
The issue of triple rice cropping in the delta has attracted a lot of attention over recentyears. Dr Le Anh Tuan examined the costs and benefits of growing three crops of rice ayear. While this propelled Vietnam to become the worlds second largest rice exporter(after Thailand) the costs in terms of increased fertilizer use, downstream flooding, anddry season sea water intrusion are becoming increasingly apparent.
Chuyn nC v Con ngi ng bng Sng Cu Long
Dr Le Anh Tuan continues with a s
