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Static Electricity
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Energy Energy: the ability to do work. Energy
cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be transformed.
Forms of Energy: – heat– light– sound– mechanical– Electrical– hydraulic
Electricity: Is a form that energy may take. Static Electricity: Where a charge remains
stationary in an object.
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Law of Electric Charges:Like charges repel each otherUnlike charges attract each other (opposites
attract)Charged objects will be attracted to neutral objects
Transfer of Charge:There are 3 ways charge can be transferred:
FrictionContactInduction
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Charging by Friction
Charging by Friction: when electric charges are transferred by a rubbing action or friction.
Transfer of electric charges as you walk across a carpet, shows the movement of the electrons (which have the negative charge).
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Electrostatic Series
Scientists have developed a list known as the Electrostatic series Chart to determine the kind of electric charge produced on each substance when any 2 substances are rubbed together.
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Electrostatic Series ChartGlass WeakHuman hairNylonWoolFurSilkCottonRubberPolyesterFoamPolyethyleneEbonite Strong
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Example:
If nylon socks and cotton shirts were dried together in a clothes dryer, which becomes positive and which becomes negative?
Nylon: positive, cotton: negativeThe difference attracts each other and
causes static cling!
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Insulators and conductors
Insulators: a substance in which electrons cannot move freely from atom to atom:
ex. Fur, silk, wood, rubber, glass, plastic
Conductors: a substance in ehich electons can move freely from one atom to another.
ex. Silver, copper, magnesium, iron.
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Grounding
Discharge to remove any electric charges on an object.
Can be done by connecting these objects to the earth (which is a good conductor)
Objects are then groundedThe earth is so large that it removes all the charge.Only the electrons can move.
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Questions:
P.406 # 1-4P. 407 # 5, 7, 8.P.410 # 2-6.