SWELL SWELL Securing Water to Enhance Local Securing Water to Enhance Local
LivelihoodLivelihood
Association for Water And Rural
Development
SWELL is a CBP process that enable villagers, in partnership with relevant stakeholders, to design plans for improving their village water system, based on a critical analysis and understanding of their water related problems, needs and opportunities in their specific livelihood context.
Piloted in ward 16 of Bushbuckridge LM
Intro to SWELL
SWELL SWELL Securing Water to Enhance Local Securing Water to Enhance Local
LivelihoodLivelihood
A different idea about village water supply in villagers’ livelihood - ‘’An integrated and holistic approach to water supply and water management’’.
RATIONALE FOR SWELL
SWELL SWELL Securing Water to Enhance Local Securing Water to Enhance Local
LivelihoodLivelihood
These Multiple Use Systems are required to fulfill villagers’ multiple livelihood strategies around water.
Need for an approach that considers livelihoods into Municipal planning processes (such as IDP)
PRINCIPLES OF SWELL
• The poorest and most vulnerable people• Villagers as key actors of Swell• Integrated approach towards water management• Empowerment and capacity building• Link with Municipal planning procedures
SWELL SWELL Securing Water to Enhance Local Securing Water to Enhance Local
LivelihoodLivelihood
OVERVIEW OF SWELL
Preparation+
Training
Assessment+
Analysis
Synthesis+
Planning
Implementation
- Preparatory meetings with stakeholders- Training of field team for Assessment
- Qualitative and quantitative assessment ofoverall water situation- Identification of needs and opportunities toimprove the village water systems
- Design projects proposals based on assessmentsynthesis- Seeking for partnership with implementers
- Screening of project proposals- Drafting of integrated programs
- Implementation of projects- Monitoring by villagers and Ward committees
Phases Outcomes
Inclusion ofprojects in IDP
Framework and methods
Water and Livelihood Security Water and Livelihood Security AssessmentAssessment
1. Water services assessment at village level :The study of water services (for multiple uses) focus on 4
interrelated parts:
Various methods are used, including transect walk, time line, focus group discussions etc
Water Resources availability
Water Infrastructure status
Water Demand review
Management activities
(Water allocation, Operation & Maintenance…)
RIDE Framework:
2. Water & Livelihood Assessment at Household level:
Analysis of people’s livelihood in relation to water services
Our livelihood approach focuses on:- Water and income generating activities- Water and food production activities- Awareness on policies, technologies- Water uses and services (gender perspective)
Method: Household interviews and survey
This will help in defining scenarios for improving water services taking into account the local livelihood context.
Water and Livelihood Security Water and Livelihood Security AssessmentAssessment
FRAMEWORK
3. Problem Focused Assessment at village level
(Village synthesis)
1. Research feedback on assessment a village and household level.
2. Collective analysis of problems (and causes) to access water for domestic and productive uses and identifying the needs for awareness raising.
Method: problem identification, prioritization, problem statement writing, identification of possible solutions
Water and Livelihood Security Water and Livelihood Security AssessmentAssessment
FRAMEWORK AND METHOD
Ward Synthesis – Planning for WaterWard Synthesis – Planning for Water
• Ward Synthesis objective:
To develop plans for the improvement of water services and ensure the inclusion of these plans in the IDP process
• Ward Synthesis process:• Get stakeholders from different levels and sectors to analyse problems leading to water insecurity•Identify possible and practical solutions within the mandate of each stakeholders• Integration of these solutions into sector plans
Experiences from BushbuckridgeExperiences from Bushbuckridge First pilot in 1 village in 2003First pilot in 1 village in 2003 Adaptation of methodology into ward level planning Adaptation of methodology into ward level planning
approachapproach Tested in 7 villages of ward 16 of Bushbuckridge in Tested in 7 villages of ward 16 of Bushbuckridge in
2004/20052004/2005 Plans developed and integrated into IDP and sector plansPlans developed and integrated into IDP and sector plans Multi-stakeholder platform established to monitor progress Multi-stakeholder platform established to monitor progress
of plansof plans
Experiences from BushbuckridgeExperiences from BushbuckridgeFindings at household levelFindings at household level About half the interviewed households have water-related income-About half the interviewed households have water-related income-
generating activities generating activities Great variability between the villagesGreat variability between the villages Low contribution to overall income; most comes from social grants or Low contribution to overall income; most comes from social grants or
remittancesremittances Staple food production mostly rainfed, or boughtStaple food production mostly rainfed, or bought Poorest families either grow nutritious crops (vegetables) in backyard Poorest families either grow nutritious crops (vegetables) in backyard
gardens or don’t have access to those at allgardens or don’t have access to those at all
Experiences from BushbuckridgeExperiences from Bushbuckridge
Findings at household levelFindings at household level Water security is currently one of the limiting Water security is currently one of the limiting
factor for backyard gardens and other factor for backyard gardens and other productive usesproductive uses
But, not the only limitation; also time, fencing, But, not the only limitation; also time, fencing, skills, access to credit, etcskills, access to credit, etc
Water security is closely related to technology at Water security is closely related to technology at household level and village water service household level and village water service performanceperformance
Little awareness on alternatives such as Little awareness on alternatives such as rainwater harvestingrainwater harvesting
Experiences from BushbuckridgeExperiences from BushbuckridgeFindings at village levelFindings at village level Unreliable functioning of water servicesUnreliable functioning of water services No community management in place; still DWAF operatorsNo community management in place; still DWAF operators For most uses people rely on piped water; only for cattle For most uses people rely on piped water; only for cattle
dams are useddams are used Little communication between different stakeholdersLittle communication between different stakeholders No payment for water; no FBW; “free water” No payment for water; no FBW; “free water” Payment to private water vendors when services are Payment to private water vendors when services are
broken downbroken down
Experiences from BushbuckridgeExperiences from Bushbuckridge
Example of problem statement:Example of problem statement: ““Most of villagers in Delani have backyard Most of villagers in Delani have backyard
gardens (and a community garden) but all gardens (and a community garden) but all lack a proper infrastructure to be irrigated. lack a proper infrastructure to be irrigated. This translates into underutilized This translates into underutilized opportunities for food security”opportunities for food security”
This has been taken to the ward synthesis This has been taken to the ward synthesis leading to a problem tree:leading to a problem tree:
LACK OF WATER SECURITY FOR DOMESTIC AND PRODUCTIVE USES
Lack of water security for livestock
Lack of dams for livestock
Shortage of kreps (?) for livestock Dam full of mud and
sand due to erosion
Improper agricultural practices
upstream of dam
Lack of extension services from agricultural
officers
Poor services from Department
of Agriculture
Lack of common understanding and
communication between Agric. Dpt and villagers about status of boreholes
Some boreholes not
equipped despite
groundwater
Boreholes not functioning
No water found
underground
Lack of maintenance of
dam
PROBLEM TREE
Lack of water security for
domestic uses
Engine breakdown regularly
Delay in fixing engines
Low/poor maintenance of
engines
Insufficient labour
(pbs with shifts)
Poor communication between DWAF,
operators and communities
Delayed response to maintenance
needs
Lack of clarity of responsibilities on
maintenance (transfer delayed)
Improper operation of
engines
Material purchasing procedure
Lack of / low M&E of
operators
No agreed monitoring team and system at
village level
Unauthorized connections
and vandalism
Lack of awareness on
the consequences
of illegal connections
Lack of authority
and control
Unauthorized settlement take water
No return valve from the
borehole (improper design)
Shortage of tanks or
reservoirs
Sharing borehole with other villages not enough
water per turn
Unreliable diesel supply for the community
borehole
Not enough groundwater
Insufficient water supply
by community boreholes
Inadequate rain
Long walking distances to fetch
water to other villagers
Drilling of boreholes to the various
communities without groundwater
Strategy developmentStrategy development6 strategies were defined6 strategies were defined Investing in water storage infrastructure for multiple usesInvesting in water storage infrastructure for multiple uses Investing in rain water harvesting technology for multiple Investing in rain water harvesting technology for multiple
usesuses Create technical and institutional capacity for Create technical and institutional capacity for
maintenance and repairmaintenance and repair Define responsibility, accountability and communication Define responsibility, accountability and communication
between all actorsbetween all actors Developing awareness on water resources and Developing awareness on water resources and
infrastructureinfrastructure Ensure emergency supply for water Ensure emergency supply for water
Lessons learntLessons learnt Many of the water-related problems are linked, requiring Many of the water-related problems are linked, requiring
an integrated approachan integrated approach Addressing domestic water supply without considering Addressing domestic water supply without considering
multiple uses leads to unsustainable servicesmultiple uses leads to unsustainable services A learning approach is needed to get stakeholders to plan A learning approach is needed to get stakeholders to plan
water services in an integrated waywater services in an integrated way Such process requires structured facilitation and a clear Such process requires structured facilitation and a clear
methodologymethodology
Looking forwardLooking forward Need to build upon SWELL for a methodology for monitoring Need to build upon SWELL for a methodology for monitoring
by the multi-stakeholder platformby the multi-stakeholder platform SWELL was meant to be for planning; now move towards SWELL was meant to be for planning; now move towards
implementation and monitoring?implementation and monitoring? Interest from other areas/organisation in SWELL (e.g. Interest from other areas/organisation in SWELL (e.g.
Sekororo in Maruleng LM; CARE South Africa and Lesotho; Sekororo in Maruleng LM; CARE South Africa and Lesotho; MUS project in Zimbabwe)MUS project in Zimbabwe)