SWELL SWELL Securing Water to Enhance Local Securing Water to Enhance Local

LivelihoodLivelihood

Association for Water And Rural

Development

SWELL is a CBP process that enable villagers, in partnership with relevant stakeholders, to design plans for improving their village water system, based on a critical analysis and understanding of their water related problems, needs and opportunities in their specific livelihood context.

Piloted in ward 16 of Bushbuckridge LM

Intro to SWELL

SWELL SWELL Securing Water to Enhance Local Securing Water to Enhance Local

LivelihoodLivelihood

A different idea about village water supply in villagers’ livelihood - ‘’An integrated and holistic approach to water supply and water management’’.

RATIONALE FOR SWELL

SWELL SWELL Securing Water to Enhance Local Securing Water to Enhance Local

LivelihoodLivelihood

These Multiple Use Systems are required to fulfill villagers’ multiple livelihood strategies around water.

Need for an approach that considers livelihoods into Municipal planning processes (such as IDP)

PRINCIPLES OF SWELL

• The poorest and most vulnerable people• Villagers as key actors of Swell• Integrated approach towards water management• Empowerment and capacity building• Link with Municipal planning procedures

SWELL SWELL Securing Water to Enhance Local Securing Water to Enhance Local

LivelihoodLivelihood

OVERVIEW OF SWELL

Preparation+

Training

Assessment+

Analysis

Synthesis+

Planning

Implementation

- Preparatory meetings with stakeholders- Training of field team for Assessment

- Qualitative and quantitative assessment ofoverall water situation- Identification of needs and opportunities toimprove the village water systems

- Design projects proposals based on assessmentsynthesis- Seeking for partnership with implementers

- Screening of project proposals- Drafting of integrated programs

- Implementation of projects- Monitoring by villagers and Ward committees

Phases Outcomes

Inclusion ofprojects in IDP

Framework and methods

Water and Livelihood Security Water and Livelihood Security AssessmentAssessment

1. Water services assessment at village level :The study of water services (for multiple uses) focus on 4

interrelated parts:

Various methods are used, including transect walk, time line, focus group discussions etc

Water Resources availability

Water Infrastructure status

Water Demand review

Management activities

(Water allocation, Operation & Maintenance…)

RIDE Framework:

2. Water & Livelihood Assessment at Household level:

Analysis of people’s livelihood in relation to water services

Our livelihood approach focuses on:- Water and income generating activities- Water and food production activities- Awareness on policies, technologies- Water uses and services (gender perspective)

Method: Household interviews and survey

This will help in defining scenarios for improving water services taking into account the local livelihood context.

Water and Livelihood Security Water and Livelihood Security AssessmentAssessment

FRAMEWORK

3. Problem Focused Assessment at village level

(Village synthesis)

1. Research feedback on assessment a village and household level.

2. Collective analysis of problems (and causes) to access water for domestic and productive uses and identifying the needs for awareness raising.

Method: problem identification, prioritization, problem statement writing, identification of possible solutions

Water and Livelihood Security Water and Livelihood Security AssessmentAssessment

FRAMEWORK AND METHOD

Ward Synthesis – Planning for WaterWard Synthesis – Planning for Water

• Ward Synthesis objective:

To develop plans for the improvement of water services and ensure the inclusion of these plans in the IDP process

• Ward Synthesis process:• Get stakeholders from different levels and sectors to analyse problems leading to water insecurity•Identify possible and practical solutions within the mandate of each stakeholders• Integration of these solutions into sector plans

Experiences from BushbuckridgeExperiences from Bushbuckridge First pilot in 1 village in 2003First pilot in 1 village in 2003 Adaptation of methodology into ward level planning Adaptation of methodology into ward level planning

approachapproach Tested in 7 villages of ward 16 of Bushbuckridge in Tested in 7 villages of ward 16 of Bushbuckridge in

2004/20052004/2005 Plans developed and integrated into IDP and sector plansPlans developed and integrated into IDP and sector plans Multi-stakeholder platform established to monitor progress Multi-stakeholder platform established to monitor progress

of plansof plans

Experiences from BushbuckridgeExperiences from BushbuckridgeFindings at household levelFindings at household level About half the interviewed households have water-related income-About half the interviewed households have water-related income-

generating activities generating activities Great variability between the villagesGreat variability between the villages Low contribution to overall income; most comes from social grants or Low contribution to overall income; most comes from social grants or

remittancesremittances Staple food production mostly rainfed, or boughtStaple food production mostly rainfed, or bought Poorest families either grow nutritious crops (vegetables) in backyard Poorest families either grow nutritious crops (vegetables) in backyard

gardens or don’t have access to those at allgardens or don’t have access to those at all

Experiences from BushbuckridgeExperiences from Bushbuckridge

Findings at household levelFindings at household level Water security is currently one of the limiting Water security is currently one of the limiting

factor for backyard gardens and other factor for backyard gardens and other productive usesproductive uses

But, not the only limitation; also time, fencing, But, not the only limitation; also time, fencing, skills, access to credit, etcskills, access to credit, etc

Water security is closely related to technology at Water security is closely related to technology at household level and village water service household level and village water service performanceperformance

Little awareness on alternatives such as Little awareness on alternatives such as rainwater harvestingrainwater harvesting

Experiences from BushbuckridgeExperiences from BushbuckridgeFindings at village levelFindings at village level Unreliable functioning of water servicesUnreliable functioning of water services No community management in place; still DWAF operatorsNo community management in place; still DWAF operators For most uses people rely on piped water; only for cattle For most uses people rely on piped water; only for cattle

dams are useddams are used Little communication between different stakeholdersLittle communication between different stakeholders No payment for water; no FBW; “free water” No payment for water; no FBW; “free water” Payment to private water vendors when services are Payment to private water vendors when services are

broken downbroken down

Experiences from BushbuckridgeExperiences from Bushbuckridge

Example of problem statement:Example of problem statement: ““Most of villagers in Delani have backyard Most of villagers in Delani have backyard

gardens (and a community garden) but all gardens (and a community garden) but all lack a proper infrastructure to be irrigated. lack a proper infrastructure to be irrigated. This translates into underutilized This translates into underutilized opportunities for food security”opportunities for food security”

This has been taken to the ward synthesis This has been taken to the ward synthesis leading to a problem tree:leading to a problem tree:

LACK OF WATER SECURITY FOR DOMESTIC AND PRODUCTIVE USES

Lack of water security for livestock

Lack of dams for livestock

Shortage of kreps (?) for livestock Dam full of mud and

sand due to erosion

Improper agricultural practices

upstream of dam

Lack of extension services from agricultural

officers

Poor services from Department

of Agriculture

Lack of common understanding and

communication between Agric. Dpt and villagers about status of boreholes

Some boreholes not

equipped despite

groundwater

Boreholes not functioning

No water found

underground

Lack of maintenance of

dam

PROBLEM TREE

Lack of water security for

domestic uses

Engine breakdown regularly

Delay in fixing engines

Low/poor maintenance of

engines

Insufficient labour

(pbs with shifts)

Poor communication between DWAF,

operators and communities

Delayed response to maintenance

needs

Lack of clarity of responsibilities on

maintenance (transfer delayed)

Improper operation of

engines

Material purchasing procedure

Lack of / low M&E of

operators

No agreed monitoring team and system at

village level

Unauthorized connections

and vandalism

Lack of awareness on

the consequences

of illegal connections

Lack of authority

and control

Unauthorized settlement take water

No return valve from the

borehole (improper design)

Shortage of tanks or

reservoirs

Sharing borehole with other villages not enough

water per turn

Unreliable diesel supply for the community

borehole

Not enough groundwater

Insufficient water supply

by community boreholes

Inadequate rain

Long walking distances to fetch

water to other villagers

Drilling of boreholes to the various

communities without groundwater

Strategy developmentStrategy development6 strategies were defined6 strategies were defined Investing in water storage infrastructure for multiple usesInvesting in water storage infrastructure for multiple uses Investing in rain water harvesting technology for multiple Investing in rain water harvesting technology for multiple

usesuses Create technical and institutional capacity for Create technical and institutional capacity for

maintenance and repairmaintenance and repair Define responsibility, accountability and communication Define responsibility, accountability and communication

between all actorsbetween all actors Developing awareness on water resources and Developing awareness on water resources and

infrastructureinfrastructure Ensure emergency supply for water Ensure emergency supply for water

Lessons learntLessons learnt Many of the water-related problems are linked, requiring Many of the water-related problems are linked, requiring

an integrated approachan integrated approach Addressing domestic water supply without considering Addressing domestic water supply without considering

multiple uses leads to unsustainable servicesmultiple uses leads to unsustainable services A learning approach is needed to get stakeholders to plan A learning approach is needed to get stakeholders to plan

water services in an integrated waywater services in an integrated way Such process requires structured facilitation and a clear Such process requires structured facilitation and a clear

methodologymethodology

Looking forwardLooking forward Need to build upon SWELL for a methodology for monitoring Need to build upon SWELL for a methodology for monitoring

by the multi-stakeholder platformby the multi-stakeholder platform SWELL was meant to be for planning; now move towards SWELL was meant to be for planning; now move towards

implementation and monitoring?implementation and monitoring? Interest from other areas/organisation in SWELL (e.g. Interest from other areas/organisation in SWELL (e.g.

Sekororo in Maruleng LM; CARE South Africa and Lesotho; Sekororo in Maruleng LM; CARE South Africa and Lesotho; MUS project in Zimbabwe)MUS project in Zimbabwe)