Download - Tema 5 estructuras bilingüe
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UNIT 5.-Structures
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1.-What is a structure? 2.-Types of efforts
3.-Elements of a structure 4.-Resistant structures
5.-Stable structures 6.-Profiles
7.-Types of artificial structures
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1.-Definition of structure A structure is a set of elements capable of
supporting forces and transmitting them to the points where it rests in order to be resistant and
stable. These forces are called loads
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2.-Types of efforts We call efforts the forces that appear in the
elements of a structure when it is submitted to other forces or loads
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Loads Compression
Traction Flexion
Cut Twist
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Compresión-- compression
Tracción-- traction
Flexión-- flexion
Torsión-- twist
Cizalladura-corte--cut
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3.-Elements of a structureThe elements most used in the structures are:
foundations, columns or props, girders, arches and cables-ties.
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Cimientos-- foundations
Columnas-- columns
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Arcos-- arches
Tirantes-- cables
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4.- Resistant structures
A structure is resistant when its form remains while having loads applied to it.
The triangle is the only geometric shape that isn't deformed
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5.- Stable structures
Stable structures are those that, when applying a force on them, maintain their position. Unstable structures, by applying a small push, lose their
balance. Stability is related to the center of gravity.
The center of gravity is related to the imaginary point where all the objects mass would go if it
were compressed
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6.- Profiles
The profiles are bars of different sections. Profiles allow us to make structures resistant, lightweight
and inexpensive at the same time.Types of profies: L, V, X, H, square, triangle, circle.
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- Massive
- Vaulted
- Inforced
- Triangular
- Hangers
- Other types