![Page 1: The Black Pearl Pepper banker plant for Biological Control of Thrips in Commercial Greenhouses Sarah Wong, Steve Frank North Carolina State University](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a53715503463e778b55b8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The ‘Black Pearl’ Pepper banker plant for Biological Control of Thrips in Commercial
Greenhouses
Sarah Wong, Steve FrankNorth Carolina State University
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Banker PlantA plant that directly or indirectly provides resources, such as food,
prey, or hosts, to natural enemies that are deliberately released within a cropping system
Frank, S. D. (2010) Biological Control 52 8-16
http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/06-081.htm
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Black Pearl Pepper
http://www.eric.5596.org/photoblog/?cat=8
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Overall Objective
To optimize implementation of the ‘Black Pearl’ Pepper banker plant system for controlling thrips in commercial greenhouses
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First Question
How does pollen from the ‘Black Pearl’ Pepper Banker Plant affect O. insidiosus abundance?
Measured O. insidiosus adult and nymphal
abundance when flowers were present and absent
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0 1 2 3 4 5 60.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00Adults (Flowers)
Adults (No Flowers)
Week
Aver
age
Abun
danc
e of
Adu
lt O
. ins
idio
sus
Average O. insidiosus adult abundance in the presence and absence of flowers over six weeks
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0 1 2 3 4 5 60
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50Nymphs (Flowers)
Nymphs (No Flowers)
Week
Aver
age
Abun
danc
e of
Nym
phal
O. i
nsid
iosu
sAverage O. insidiosus nymphal abundance in the presence and absence of flowers over six weeks
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0 1 2 3 4 5 60.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
Adults (Flowers)Nymphs (Flowers)
Week
Aver
age
abun
danc
e of
O. i
nsid
iosu
s ad
ults
and
ny
mph
sO. insidiosus adults and nymphal abundance in the
presence of flowers over six weeks
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0 1 2 3 4 5 60
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
FlowersNo Flowers
Week
Thrip
s ab
unda
nce
Average thrips abundance in the presence and absence of flowers over six weeks
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http://www.fargro.co.uk/biologicals/gt-thrip.htm
First Question Summary
• Increased adult abundance– Increased nutrition– Reduced cannibalism
• Increased nymphal abundance– Flowers increase fertility– Better nutrition for nymphs– Reduced cannibalism
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Second QuestionHow does the ‘Black Pearl’ Pepper banker plant
system work in commercial greenhouses?
Commercial Greenhouse: Ornamental Grasses Nursery~120x20’
Hoop houses with plastic covering
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Treatments
CONTROL AUGMENTATION BANKER
No insecticides No insecticides No insecticides
No release Release O. insidiosus Release O. insidiosus
No banker plants No banker plants Banker plants
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Banker Plant Treatment
24 plants per house
4 rows in each house6 plants in each row
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Sampling with a ‘Bug Vacuum’
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Insects found in vacuum samples
http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/node/595
http://trmom.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/ladybug.jpg
http://hymenoptera.tamu.edu/paroffit/?taxcpl=tax&taxcpl_id=7472
http://www.agroatlas.ru/pests/Rhopalosiphum_padi_en.htm
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5/19 5/26 6/1 6/8 6/16 6/22 6/29 7/8 7/13 7/200
50
100
150
200
250
300
350ControlAugmentationBanker
Sample Date
Aver
age
Abun
danc
e of
Thr
ips
Thrips Abundance in Greenhouses Over Nine Weeks
Treatment: p = 0.007 Date: p = 0.014Trt*Date: p = 0.755
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5/19 5/26 6/1 6/8 6/16 6/22 6/29 7/8 7/13 7/200
10
20
30
40
50
60Control
Augmentation
Banker
Sample Date
Aver
age
Abun
danc
e of
Spi
der M
ites Treatment: p = 0.054
Date: p = 0.038Trt*Date: p = 0.202
Spider Mite Abundance in Greenhouses Over Nine Weeks
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Discussion
Reduced thrips and spider mite abundance
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Discussion
Banker Plants vs. Augmentation?
http://go.ipublisher.nl/index.php?file_id=299
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Emigration
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Intraguild Predation
• Spiders present in grasses• Especially on the banker plants
http://uglyoverload.blogspot.com/2009/01/jumping-spider-eyes.html
http://tolweb.org/Lycosidae/2746
http://greennature.com/gallery/spider-pictures/lynx-spiders.html
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Alternative Food Source
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The Future of Banker Plants
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Acknowledgements
SARE On Farm Research Grant to Steve FrankSARE Graduate Student Grant to Sarah K. Wong &
Steven D. FrankSally TaylorAlan StephensonAmy BaderC. Raker and Sons, Inc.Van Wingerden InternationalHoffman Nursery