The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Verification Regime- Relevance to Nuclear Security Patrick Grenard
Special Assistant to the Executive Secretary
Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization
The CTBT is an international treaty that bans all nuclear explosions, by anyone,
anywhere
Opened for Signature on 24 September 1996
The Treaty has been signed by 183 States of which 162 have ratified
Entry-into-Force: 44 States with significant nuclear capabilities must ratify
As of March 2014, three of these States have not signed: India, Pakistan and
DPRK (North Korea)
And a further five have not ratified: China, Egypt, Israel, Iran and the United States
CTBT: Comprehensive
Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
International Monitoring System 377 Facilities
Seismic Primary Array
Seismic Primary 3-comp Station
Seismic Auxiliary Array
Seismic Auxiliary 3-comp Station
Hydroacoustic (hydrophone) Station
Hydroacoustic (T-phase) Station
Infrasound Station
Radionuclide
Station
Radionuclide Lab
Seismic Primary Array
Seismic Primary 3-comp Station
Seismic Auxiliary Array
Seismic Auxiliary 3-comp Station
Hydroacoustic (hydrophone) Station
Hydroacoustic (T-phase) Station
Infrasound Station
Radionuclide
Station
Radionuclide Lab
Seismic Primary Array
Seismic Primary 3-comp Station
Seismic Auxiliary Array
Seismic Auxiliary 3-comp Station
Hydroacoustic (hydrophone) Station
Hydroacoustic (T-phase) Station
Infrasound Station
Radionuclide
Station
Radionuclide Lab
OSI Exercises and Field Tests
Regularly Conducted
Demonstrated effectiveness of the International
Monitoring System
• Xenon 131m and xenon 133 • Detected at Takasaki, Japan, and
Ussuriysk, Russia • Estimated date of fission coincides
with 12 February 2013 • DPRK site identified as possible
source using ATM
Error Ellipses for 2006, 2009 and 2013 DPRK Announced Nuclear Tests
Japan Earthquake 11 March 2011
Magnitude 9 earthquake and 9800 Aftershocks
Plot shows arrival angle versus time, measured at Wake Island hydroacoustic station, during reception of T-phase from main event. Epicentre is at 316 degrees, variation from 312 to 317 degrees
Particulate detections at the IMS Network
After Fukushima Accident This picture show time development of detections for each day after the accident. Level 5 = multiple fission products detected, Level 4 = one fission products detected, Level 3 = fission products typical for the station detected Level 1 and 2 = only natural radioactivity detected
More than 1600 samples contained radiation originating from Fukushima NPP.
CTBTO not involved in emergency preparedness and response activities coordinated by the Inter-Agency Committee on Radiological and Nuclear Emergencies (IACRNE) prior to 11 March 2011.
IACRNE is based on the respective mandate of each organization involved in such emergencies and based on both “post- Chernobyl” conventions namely the “Early Notification Convention” and the “Assistance Convention” IAEA as secretariat of IACRNE (routine conditions) and as “focal point“ (emergency conditions).
CTBTO member of IACRNE since 14.3.2012
Inter-Agency Committee on Radiological and
Nuclear Emergencies
(iaea.org)
Developing a verification culture (technical, legal and political)
Sustaining the technological base and expertise
Integrated Capacity Building
Advanced training - Vienna
Regional trainings/workshops to address specific needs
SnT Conferences - Vienna National Data Centres
The CTBT is an inherent part of the set of Treaties which establishes a culture of
nuclear security and CTBTO has already demonstrated its effectiveness.
Article III of the CTBT on National Implementation Measures imposes a strong
obligation to enforce nuclear security.
The CTBTO’s capacity building programme promotes a security culture
The CTBTO infrastructure, experience and expertise can contribute to the
development of nuclear forensics.
CTBT could play a role in a broader approach to NSS process that embraces
emergency preparedness, response and mitigation capabilities
Conclusion